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1812
*** Shopping-Tip: 1812
{{yearbox|
| in?=
| cp=18th century
| c=19th century
| cf=20th century
| yp1=1809
| yp2=1810
| yp3=1811
| year=1812
| ya1=1813
| ya2=1814
| ya3=1815
| dp3=1780s
| dp2=1790s
| dp1=1800s
| d=1810s
| dn1=1820s
| dn2=1830s
| dn3=1840s
}}
{{C19YearInTopic}}
:''This article is about the year 1812. For the overture by
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Tchaikovsky, see
1812 Overture; for the war, see
War of 1812''.
'''1812''' was a
leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar).
Events
January
*
January 1 - the
Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, the
Austria Austrian civil code enters into force in the
Austrian Empire.
February
*
February 2 -
Russia establishes a fur trading colony at
Fort Ross, California.
*
February 7 - The last
New Madrid Earthquake strikes
New Madrid, Missouri, with an estimated
moment magnitude of over 8.
*
February 11 -
Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry invents
gerrymandering.
*
February 27 -
Poet George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron Lord Byron gives his first address as a member of the
House of Lords, in defense of
Luddite violence against
Industrialism in his home county of
Nottinghamshire.
March
*
March 15 -
Luddites attack
wool processing factory of
Frank Vickerman in
West Yorkshire.
*
March 26 - An
earthquake destroys
Caracas,
Venezuela.
April
*
April 4 -
U.S. President James Madison enacted a ninety-day
embargo on trade with the
United Kingdom.
*
April 30 -
Louisiana is admitted as the 18th
U.S. state.
May
*
May 11 -
Bankrupt banker assassinates
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland British Prime Minister Spencer Perceval in the lobby of the
British House of Commons.
*
May 25 - Mine explosion at
Felling colliery near
Jarrow,
England - 92 dead.
June
*
June 1 -
War of 1812:
U.S. President James Madison asks the
Congress of the United States U.S. Congress to declare war on the
United Kingdom.
*
June 4 - Following
Louisiana's admittance as a
U.S. state, the territory by that name was renamed to
Missouri Territory.
*
June 18 - The
War of 1812 begins between the
United States and the
United Kingdom.
*
June 24 -
Napoleon's
Grande Armée crosses the
Niemen river and invades
Russia (see
Patriotic War of 1812).
July
*
July 12 -
United States Americans invade
Canada at
Windsor, Ontario.
*
July 22 -
Peninsular War:
Battle of Salamanca -
United Kingdom British forces led by
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Lord Wellington defeat
France French troops near
Salamanca in
Spain.
August
*
August 5 -
War of 1812:
Tecumseh's
Indigenous peoples in the United States Indian force ambushes
Thomas Van Horne's 200
Americans at
Brownstone Creek, causing them to flee and retreat.
*
August 12 -
Peninsular War:
Wellington enters
Madrid following the
Battle of Salamanca.
*
August 16 -
War of 1812:
United States American General William Hull surrenders
Fort Detroit without a fight to the
British Army.
*
August 19 -
War of 1812: ''
USS Constitution'' defeats the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland British frigate ''
Guerrière'' off the coast of
Nova Scotia. The
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland British shot is said to have bounced off the ''
Constitution'' 's sides, earning her the nickname "
Old Ironsides".
September
*
September 7 -
Napoleonic Wars:
Battle of Borodino -
Napoleon I of France Napoleon defeats the
Russian army of
Alexander I of Russia Alexander I near the village of
Borodino.
*
September 14 -
Napoleon's troops enter
Moscow but the retreating
Russian troops burn the city.
October
*
October - The
Capital of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
United States was permanently moved from
Lancaster, Pennsylvania Lancaster to
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Harrisburg.
*
October 9 -
War of 1812: In a naval engagement on
Lake Erie,
United States American forces capture two
United Kingdom British ships; ''
HMS Detroit'' and ''
HMS Caledonia''.
*
October 13 -
War of 1812:
Battle of Queenston Heights - As part of the
Niagara campaign in
Ontario, Canada,
United States forces under
General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading
Canada by
United Kingdom British and native troops led by Sir
Isaac Brock (although he dies during the battle).
*
October 19 -
Napoleon begins his retreat from
Moscow.
*
October 24 -
Napoleonic Wars -
Battle of Maloyaroslavets - an indecisive encounter between the
France French vanguard and a
Russian force leads
Napoleon to decide to retreat along the same line as his advance, with disastrous results.
November
*
November -
James Madison defeats
De Witt Clinton in
U.S. presidential election, 1812 U.S. presidential election.
Unknown dates
*
Bishop James Madison Society founded at the
College of William & Mary,
Williamsburg, Virginia.
*
Spain Spanish Cortes Generales Cortes, in exile at
Cádiz, create the first modern
Spain Spanish constitution.
* The
Old Oscar Pepper Distillery (now the
Labrot & Graham Distillery), the oldest
Kentucky Bourbon whiskey Bourbon distillery, is established along
Glenn's Creek in
Woodford County, Kentucky.
*
Coffee is banned in
Sweden.
*
Cholera in
Jessore,
India.
*
Capital of
Finland moved from
Turku to
Helsinki.
Ongoing events
*
Napoleonic Wars (
1799-
1815)-
Peninsular War/
Sixth Coalition/
Patriotic War of 1812
*
War of 1812 (1812-
1815)
Births
*
January 10 -
Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebel (d.
1864)
*
January 13 -
Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (d.
1883)
*
February 7 -
Charles Dickens, English writer (d.
1870)
*
February 11 -
Alexander Hamilton Stephens, Vice President of Confederate States of America (d.
1883)
*
February 15 -
Charles Lewis Tiffany, American jeweler (d.
1902)
*
March 1 -
Augustus Pugin, English-born architect (d.
1852)
*
March 6 -
Aaron Lufkin Dennison American watch manufacturer (d.
1895)
*
March 22 -
Stephen Pearl Andrews, American anarchist and abolitionist (d.
1886)
*
April 22 -
Solomon Caesar Malan, Swiss-born orientalist (d.
1894)
*
April 27 -
Friedrich von Flotow, German composer (d.
1883)
*
May 7 -
Robert Browning, English poet (d.
1889)
*
June 9 -
Johann Gottfried Galle, German astronomer (d.
1910)
*
July 2 -
Nathaniel de Rothschild, French wine grower (d.
1870)
*
November 14 -
Aleardo Aleardi, Italian poet (d.
1878)
*
December 24 -
Karl Eduard Zachariae, German jurist (d.
1894)
*
Mohan Lal (Zutshi), Indian traveler (d.
1877)
Deaths
*
January 23 -
Robert Craufurd, British general (mortally wounded in battle) (b.
1764)
*
May 11 -
Spencer Perceval,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (assassinated) (b.
1762)
*
September 19 -
Mayer Amschel Rothschild, German banker (b.
1744)
*
October 13 -
Isaac Brock, British general (killed in battle) (b.
1769)
*
December 20 -
Sacagawea, Shoshone guide
*
December 24 -
George Beck, American artist and poet (b.
1749)
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Category:1810s
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*** Shopping-Tip: 1812
