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1861
*** Shopping-Tip: 1861
'''1861''' is a
common year starting on Tuesday.
{| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"
|-
| align="center" colspan=2 |
'''Years:''' 1858 1859 1860 -
1861 -
1862 1863 1864
|-
| align="center" colspan=2 |
'''Decades:''' 1830s 1840s 1850s - '''
1860s''' -
1870s 1880s 1890s
|-
| align="center" |
'''Centuries:''' 18th century - '''
19th century''' -
20th century
{{C19YearInTopic}}
|}
Events
January
*
January 1 -
Benito Juárez captures
Mexico City
*
January 2 -
Frederick William IV of Prussia Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by
Wilhelm I of Germany Wilhelm I
*
January 3 -
American Civil War:
Delaware votes not to secede from the
United States
*
January 9 -
Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union, preceding the
American Civil War.
*
January 10 -
American Civil War:
Florida secedes from the
United States
*
January 11 -
American Civil War:
Alabama secedes from the
United States
*
January 18 -
American Civil War:
Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia joins the
Confederate States of America Confederacy
*
January 21 -
American Civil War:
Jefferson Davis resigns from the
United States Senate
*
January 26 -
American Civil War:
Louisiana secedes from the Union.
*
January 29 -
Kansas is admitted as the 34th
U.S. state.
February
*
February 1 -
American Civil War:
Texas secedes from the
United States.
*
February 4 - American Civil War: In
Montgomery, Alabama the
Confederate States of America is formed by delegates from six break-away
U.S. state United States.
*
February 8 - American Civil War: The
Confederate States of America are formed.
*
February 9 - American Civil War:
Jefferson Davis is elected the Provisional President of the
Confederate States of America by the Confederate convention at
Montgomery, Alabama.
*
February 11 - American Civil War: US House unanimously passes resolution guaranteeing non-interference with slavery in any state.
*
February 13 - End of the
Siege of Gaeta, last stronghold of the Neapolitan King
Francis II of the Two Sicilies Francis II, by Piedmontese forces. Francis goes into exile.
*
February 18 - American Civil War: In
Montgomery, Alabama Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as the provisional president of the
Confederate States of America.
*
February 18 -
Victor Emmanuel II of Italy Victor Emmanuel of
Savoy becomes King of
Italy. See:
Kingdom of Italy
*
February 19 -
Serfdom is
Emancipation_of_the_serfs abolished in
Russia.
*
February 23 - President-elect
Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in
Washington, DC after an
assassination attempt in
Baltimore, Maryland.
*
February 27 - A crowd in
Warsaw protesting
Russian rule over
Poland is fired upon by Russian troops killing five protesters.
*
February 28 -
Colorado is organized as a
Political divisions of the United States United States territory.
March-April
*
March 2 -
Nevada is organized as a
Political divisions of the United States United States territory.
*
March 3 - Formal
emancipation of the serfs in
Imperial Russia.
*
March 4 - End of term for
President of the United States James Buchanan. He is succeeded by
Abraham Lincoln.
* March 4 -
American Civil War: The "
Stars and Bars" is adopted as the
Flags of the Confederate States of America flag of the Confederate States of America.
*
March 10 -
El Hadj Umar Tall seizes the city of
Segou, destroying the
Bambara Empire of
Mali.
*
March 11 -
American Civil War: The
Constitution of the
Confederate States of America is adopted.
*
March 17 - Proclamation of the kingdom of
Italy with
Victor Emmanuel II of Italy Victor Emanuel II as its king.
*
March 19 -
First Taranaki War ends in
New Zealand.
*
March 20 - An earthquake completely destroys
Mendoza, a city on western
Argentina.
*
March 20 - Surrender of
Civitella del Tronto. End of the
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
*
March 30 -
Sir William Crookes announces his discovery of
Thallium (see
Discovery of the chemical elements).
*
April 12 -
American Civil War begins at
Fort Sumter,
South Carolina.
*
April 27 -
American Civil War:
President Abraham Lincoln suspends the
writ of habeas corpus in the
United States.
* April 27 -
American Civil War:
West Virginia secedes from
Virginia.
May-June
*
May 6 -
American Civil War:
Arkansas secedes from the
United States Union.
*
May 7 - American Civil War:
Tennessee secedes from the
United States Union.
*
May 8 - American Civil War:
Richmond, Virginia is named the capital of the
Confederate States of America.
*
May 13 - American Civil War:
Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of
neutral country neutrality" which recognizes the
Confederate States of America breakaway states as having belligerent rights.
* May 13 -
Comet C/1861 J1 (the "Great Comet of 1861") discovered in
Australia.
*
May 14 - The Canellas meteorite, an 859
gram chondrite type
meteorite struck earth near
Barcelona, Spain.
*
May 20 - American Civil War:
Kentucky proclaims its
neutral country neutrality which will last until
September 3 when
Confederate States of America Confederate forces enter the state.
North Carolina secedes from the
United States
*
June 8 -
American Civil War:
Tennessee secedes from the
United States Union.
*
June 9 -
Lebanon separated from
Syrian administration and reunited under
Ottoman Empire Ottoman governor with the approval of European powers
*
June 15 -
Benito Juárez formally elected president of
Mexico; he temporarily stops the payments of
foreign debt
*
June 25 -
Abd-ul-Mejid,
Ottoman dynasty Sultan of the
Ottoman Empire (
1839-1861) dies and is succeeded by
Abd-ul-Aziz (1861-
1876).
July-August
*
July 1 - First issue of
Vatican City Vatican's newspaper
L'Osservatore Romano was published.
*
July 2 -
Nikolai of Japan Ioan Kasatkin lands on
Hakodate and introduces the
Eastern Orthodox church into
Japan.
*
July 21 -
American Civil War:
First Battle of Bull Run - At
Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins (
Confederate States of America Confederate victory).
*
July 25 - American Civil War: The
Crittenden-Johnson Resolution is passed by the
Congress of the United States U.S. Congress stating that the war is being fought to preserve the
United States Union and not to end
slavery.
*
July 26 - American Civil War:
George McClellan assumes command of the
Army of the Potomac following a disastrous
United States Union defeat at the
First Battle of Bull Run.
*
August 5 -
American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the
United States government issues the first
income tax as part of the
Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US $800; rescinded in
1872).
*
August 5 -
US Army abolishes
flogging
*
August 27 - Last
Execution (legal) execution in Britain for
attempted murder -
Martin Doyle in Chester
September-October
*
September 3 -
American Civil War:
Confederate States of America Confederate General
Leonidas Polk invades neutral
Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for
United States Union assistance.
*
September 6 - American Civil War: Forces under
United States Union General
Ulysses S. Grant bloodlessly capture
Paducah, Kentucky, which gives the Union control the mouth of the
Tennessee River.
*
October 9 - the
Battle of Santa Rosa Island
*
October 21 -
American Civil War:
Battle of Ball's Bluff -
United States Union forces under Colonel
Edward Baker are defeated by
Confederate States of America Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war. Baker, a close friend of
Abraham Lincoln, is killed in the fighting.
*
October 24 - The
HMS Warrior (1860) ''HMS Warrior'', the world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled armored battleship was completed and commissioned.
*
October 31 - American Civil War: Citing failing health,
United States Union General
Winfield Scott resigns as Commander of the
United States Army.
November
*
November 1 -
American Civil War: US President
Abraham Lincoln appoints
George McClellan as commander of the
Union Army, replacing the aged General
Winfield Scott.
*
November 2 - American Civil War: Western Department
United States Union General
John C. Fremont is relieved of command and replaced by
David Hunter.
*
November 6 - American Civil War:
Jefferson Davis is elected president of the
Confederate States of America.
*
November 7 - American Civil War:
Battle of Belmont - In
Belmont, Missouri,
United States Union forces led by General
Ulysses S. Grant overrun a
Confederate States of America Confederate camp but are forced to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive.
*
November 8 - American Civil War: The "
Trent Affair" - The ''
USS San Jacinto'' stops the
United Kingdom mail ship ''Trent'' and arrests two
Confederate States of America Confederate envoys,
James Mason (Confederate) James Mason and
John Slidell, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the UK and US.
*
November 21 - American Civil War:
Confederate States of America Confederate President
Jefferson Davis appoints
Judah Benjamin secretary of war.
*
November 25 -
Tenement collapses in the Old Town of
Edinburgh and buries 50 - rescues find 15 of them alive
Unknown dates
* News of
Henri Mouhot's discovery of
Angkor Wat published.
* In Britain, the death penalty is limited to
murder,
embezzlement,
piracy and to acts of
arson perpetrated upon docks or ammunition depots.
*
British Empire establishes bases in
Lagos to stop the slave trade.
Births
*
January 14 -
Mehmed VI,
Ottoman Sultan (d.
1926)
*
January 30 -
Charles Martin Loeffler, American composer (d.
1935)
*
February 12 -
Lou Andreas-Salome, Russian-born author (d.
1937)
*
February 15 -
Charles Edouard Guillaume, French physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1938)
*
February 26 - King
Ferdinand of Bulgaria (d.
1948)
*
February 27 -
Rudolf Steiner, Austrian philosopher (d.
1925)
*
April 8 -
Son, Byong-Hi, Korean nationalist (d.
1922)
*
April 15 -
Bliss Carman, Canadian poet (d.
1929)
*
May 7 -
Rabindranath Tagore, Indian writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1941)
*
June 12 -
William Attewell, English cricketer (d.
1927)
*
June 19 - Doctor
Jose Rizal, Philippine national hero (d.
1896)
*
June 20 -
Frederick Hopkins, English biochemist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (d.
1947)
*
September 10 -
Niels Hansen Jacobsen, Danish sculptor and ceramist (d.
1941)
*
September 23 -
Mary Elizabeth Coleridge, British poet and novelist (d.
1907)
*
October 16 -
J. B. Bury, British historian (d.
1927)
*
October 30 -
Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor (d.
1929)
*
December 4 -
Lillian Russell, American singer and vaudeville star (d.
1922)
*
November 6 -
James Naismith, Canadian inventor of basketball (d.
1939)
*
December 8 -
Georges Méliès, French film director (d.
1938)
*
December 10 -
Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian explorer, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1930)
*
December 15 -
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud,
Prime Minister of Finland Prime Minister and
President of Finland (d.
1944)
*
December 16 -
Antonio de La Gandara, French painter (d.
1917)
*
December 20 -
Ivana Kobilca, Slovenian painter (d.
1926)
*
William H. Stayton - American founder of the
Association Against the Prohibition Amendment (d. ?)
*
Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar -
Malayali Journalist and Short story writer (d.
1914)
Deaths
*
January 2 -
Frederick William IV of Prussia Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (b.
1795)
*
January 17 -
Lola Montez, Irish-born Spanish dancer and mistress of King
Ludwig I of Bavaria (b.
1821)
*
May 29 -
Joachim Lelewel, Polish nationalist historian (b.
1786)
*
June 3 -
Stephen A. Douglas, U.S. Senator from Illinois and Presidential candidate (b.
1813)
*
June 25 -
Abd-ul-Mejid,
Ottoman Sultan (b.
1823)
*
June 29 -
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, English poet (b.
1806)
*
July 25 -
Jonas Furrer,
member of the Swiss Federal Council (b.
1805)
*
August 24 -
Pierre Berthier, French geologist (b.
1782)
*
October 5 -
Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish bishop (b.
1778)
*
December 14 -
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, husband of
Victoria of the United Kingdom Queen Victoria (b.
1819)
Category:1861
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eo:1861
eu:1861
fr:1861
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ga:1861
gl:1861
ko:1861ë…„
hr:1861
io:1861
id:1861
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it:1861
he:1861
ka:1861
csb:1861
la:1861
lt:1861
lb:1861
hu:1861
mk:1861
ms:1861
nap:1861
nl:1861
no:1861
nn:1861
os:1861
pl:1861
pt:1861
ro:1861
ru:1861
sq:1861
scn:1861
simple:1861
sk:1861
sl:1861
sr:1861
fi:1861
sv:1861
tt:1861
th:พ.ศ. 2404
tr:1861
uk:1861
wa:1861
zh:1861å¹´
Category:1860s
ar:تصنيÙ?:1861
de:Kategorie:1861
et:Kategooria:1861
fr:Catégorie:1861
ko:분류:1861년
is:Flokkur:1861
ka:კ�ტეგ�რი�:1861
os:Категори:1861
ro:Categorie:1861
ru:КатегориÑ?:1861
simple:Category:1861
sk:Kategória:1861
sl:Kategorija:Leto 1861
tt:Törkem:1861
tr:Kategori:1861
zh:Category:1861å¹´
*** Shopping-Tip: 1861
