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1865
*** Shopping-Tip: 1865
'''1865 (MDCCCLXV)''' is a
common year starting on Sunday.
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|-
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'''Years:''' 1862 1863 1864 - 1865 -
1866 1867 1868
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'''Decades:''' 1830s 1840s 1850s - '''
1860s''' -
1870s 1880s 1890s
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'''Centuries:''' 18th century - '''
19th century''' -
20th century
{{C19YearInTopic}}
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Events
January
*
January 13 -
American Civil War: The
Second Battle of Fort Fisher begins when
United States forces launch a major amphibious assault against the
Confederate States of America Confederate stronghold of
Fort Fisher.
*
January 15 - American Civil War: United States forces capture Fort Fisher.
*
January 31 - American Civil War: Confederate General
Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.
February
''The only month in any year that might not have had a
Full moon.''
*
February 17 - American Civil War:
Columbia, South Carolina burns as Confederate forces flee from advancing
United States Union forces.
*
February 22 -
Tennessee adopts a new
constitution that abolishes
slavery.
March
*
March 3 - The
Congress of the United States U.S. Congress authorizes formation of the
Freedmen's Bureau.
*
March 13 - American Civil War: The
Confederate States of America reluctantly agrees to the use of
African American troops.
*
March 18 - American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourns for the last time.
*
March 19 - American Civil War: The
Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle on the 21st the Confederate forces had retreated from
Greenville, North Carolina.
*
March 25 - The "Claywater
Meteorite" explodes just before reaching ground level in
Vernon County, Wisconsin. Fragments having a combined mass of 1.5
kilogram kg were recovered.
*
March 25 - American Civil War: In
Virginia, Confederate forces capture
Fort Steadman from the Union.
April
*
April 1 - American Civil War:
Battle of Five Forks - In
Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
*
April 2 - American Civil War: Confederate President
Jefferson Davis and most of his Cabinet flee the Confederate capital of
Richmond, Virginia which is taken the next day.
*
April 6 -
Germany German Chemicals producer, Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik(
BASF) founded in
Mannheim.
*
April 9 - American Civil War: General
Robert E. Lee surrenders to
Ulysses S. Grant at
Appomattox, effectively ending the American Civil War.
*
April 14 - US President
Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by
John Wilkes Booth.
*
April 21 -
Germany German Chemicals producer
BASF moves its headquarters and factories from
Mannheim to the
Hemshof Hemshof District of
Ludwigshafen.
*
April 26
** Union cavalry corner
John Wilkes Booth and cavalryman
Boston Corbett shoots the assassin dead.
**
American Civil War:
Confederate States of America Confederate General
Joseph Johnston surrenders his army to General
William Tecumseh Sherman at Durham Station,
North Carolina.
*
April 27
** The
steamboat ''
Sultana (steamboat) Sultana'', carrying 2,300 passengers, explodes and sinks in the
Mississippi River, killing 1,700, most of whom were
United States Union survivors of the
Andersonville, Georgia Andersonville Prison.
**
Governor of New York,
Reuben Fenton, signed a bill formally creating
Cornell University.
May
*
May 1 - Triple Alliance of
Argentina,
Brazil and
Uruguay against
Paraguay is formally signed -
War of the Triple Alliance has already begun.
*
May 4 - American Civil War: Confederate General
Richard Taylor (general) Richard Taylor, commanding all Confederate forces in
Alabama,
Mississippi, and eastern
Louisiana, surrenders his forces to Union General
E.R.S. Canby at
Citronelle, Alabama.
*
May 5 - In
North Bend, Ohio (a suburb of
Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati), the first
train robbery in the United States takes place.
*
May 10 -
American Civil War:
Jefferson Davis is captured by
United States Union troops near
Irwinville, Georgia.
*
May 13 - American Civil War:
Battle of Palmito Ranch - In far south
Texas, more than a month after
Confederate States of America Confederate General
Robert E. Lee Lee's surrender, the last land battle of the
civil war ends with a Confederate victory.
*
May 23 - Parade down Pennsylvania Ave in
Washington, DC to celebrate the ending of the
American Civil War.
*
May 25 -
Mobile magazine explosion: 300 are killed in
Mobile, Alabama when an ordnance depot explodes.
June
*
June 2 - American Civil War ends - Confederate forces west of the
Mississippi river Mississippi under General
Edmund Kirby Smith surrender at
Galveston, Texas, becoming the last to do so.
*
June 11 - Brazilian navy squadron defeats Paraguayan navy at
Riachuelo.
*
June 19 - American Civil War: Union Major General
Gordon Granger lands at
Galveston, Texas and informs the people of
Texas of the
Emancipation Proclamation. This event is celebrated each year as
Juneteenth.
*
June 23 - American Civil War: At
Fort Towson in
Oklahoma Territory Confederate General
Stand Watie, a Cherokee Indian, surrenders the last significant rebel
army.
July
*
July 2 -
Salvation Army founded in
Whitechapel,
London
*
July 4 -
Lewis Carroll publishes
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
*
July 5
**
William Booth founds the Christian Mission (later renamed to the
Salvation Army).
**
US Secret Service founded.
** First
speed limit introduced in
United Kingdom Britain - 2 mph in town and 4 mph in the country
*
July 14 - The summit of the
Matterhorn in the
Alps is reached for the first time; four of the party of seven die in a fall during the descent.
*
July 21 - In the market square of
Springfield, Missouri,
Wild Bill Hickok shoots Dave Tutt dead in what is regarded as the first true western showdown.
*
July 27 -
Wales Welsh settlers arrive in
Argentina at
Chubut Valley.
October
*
October 11 -
Paul Bogle led hundreds of black men and women in a march in
Jamaica, starting the
Morant Bay rebellion.
November
*
November 10 - Major
Henry Wirz, the superintendent of
Andersonville, Georgia#History a prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia, is
Hanging hanged, becoming the only
American Civil War soldier to be
Execution (legal) executed for
war crimes.
December
*
November 26 -
Battle of Papudo; Spanish ship ''Covadonga'' captured by Chileans and Peruvians.
*
December 10 -
Léopold II of Belgium Léopold II becomes King of Belgium.
*
December 11 - U.S. Congress created the
Appropriations Committee and the
Committee on Banking and Commerce. Reducing the tasks of the
Committee on Ways and Means.
*
December 18 - Thirteenth Constitutional amendment declared ratified by three-fourths of the States of the United States. It forever abolished slavery.
*
December 24 - Several US Civil War Confederate veterans form the
Ku Klux Klan.
Undated
*
Gregor Mendel formulates his theories of
Mendelian inheritance- they are mainly ignored for years.
* A
forest fire near
Silverton, Oregon destroys about one million acres (4,000 km²) of timber.
* Last volume of
Annals of Joseon Dynasty published.
*
National Temperance Society and Publishing House founded by
James Black
Births
January
*
January 5 -
Julio Garavito Armero, Colombian astronomer (d.
1920)
*
January 28 -
Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg,
President of Finland (d.
1952)
February
*
February 12 -
Kazimierz Tetmajer, Polish writer (d.
1940)
*
February 19 -
Sven Hedin, Swedish scientist and explorer (d.
1952)
*
February 21 -
John Haden Badley, author and educator (d.
1967)
*
February 28 -
Wilfred Grenfell, medical missionary to
Newfoundland and Labrador (d.
1940).
March
*
March 10 -
Tan Sitong, Chinese reformist leader (d.
1898)
*
March 15 -
Edith Maude Eaton, English-born writer (d.
1914)
*
March 19 -
William Morton Wheeler, American entomologist (d.
1937)
April
*
April 1 -
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, Austrian-born chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1929)
*
April 9 -
Laurence Hope, English poetess (d.
1904)
*
April 9 -
Erich Ludendorff, German general (d.
1937)
May
*
May 2 -
Clyde Fitch, American dramatist (d.
1909)
*
May 25 -
John Mott, American YMCA leader, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1955)
* May 25 -
Pieter Zeeman, Dutch physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1943)
*
May 26 -
Robert W. Chambers, American artist (d.
1933)
June
*
June 2 -
George Lohmann, English cricketer (d.
1901)
*
June 3 - King
George V of the United Kingdom (d.
1936)
*
June 9 -
Albéric Magnard, French composer (d.
1914)
*
June 13 -
William Butler Yeats, Irish writer,
Nobel Prize in Literature Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1939)
July
*
July 23 -
Max Heindel, Danish-born Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic (d.
1919)
*
July 29 -
Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer (d.
1936)
August
*
August 2 -
Irving Babbitt, American literary critic (d.
1933)
*
August 24 - King
Ferdinand of Romania (d.
1927)
*
August 27 -
James Henry Breasted, American Egyptologist (d.
1935)
* August 27 -
Charles G. Dawes,
Vice President of the United States, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1951)
September
*
September 11 -
Rainis, Latvian poet and playwright (d.
1929)
October
*
October 1 -
Paul Dukas, French composer (d.
1935)
*
October 12 -
Arthur Harden, English chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1940)
*
October 17 -
James Rudolph Garfield, U.S. politician (d.
1950)
*
October 26 -
Benjamin Guggenheim, American businessman (d.
1912)
*
October 27 -
Tinsley Lindley, English footballer (d.
1940)
November
*
November 2 -
Warren G. Harding, 29th
President of the United States (d.
1923)
December
*
December 8 -
Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer (d.
1957)
*
December 20 -
Elsie De Wolfe, American socialite and interior decorator (d.
1950)
*
December 25 -
Evangeline Booth, the 4th General of
The Salvation Army (d.
1950)
*
December 30 -
Rudyard Kipling, British writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1936)
Deaths
*
April 1 -
John Milton (politician) John Milton, Governor of Florida (b.
1807)
*
April 2 -
A.P. Hill, American Confederate general (b.
1825)
*
April 15 -
Abraham Lincoln, 16th
President of the United States (b.
1809)
*
April 26 -
John Wilkes Booth, American actor and assassin of
Abraham Lincoln (b.
1838)
*
August 12 -
William Jackson Hooker, English botanist (b.
1785)
*
September 2 -
William Rowan Hamilton, Irish mathematician (b.
1805)
*
October 16 -
Andrés Bello, Venezuelan poet, lawmaker, teacher, philosopher and sociologist (b.
1781)
*
October 18 -
Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston Lord Palmerston,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b.
1784)
*
November 12 -
Elizabeth Gaskell, British novelist and biographer (b.
1810)
*
November 28 -
William Machin Stairs, Canadian businessman and statesman (b.
1789)
*
December 10 -
Léopold I of Belgium (b.
1790)
*
December 17 -
Luigi Ciacchi, Italian cardinal (b.
1788)
*
James Barry (surgeon) James Barry, British military surgeon
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*** Shopping-Tip: 1865
