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18th century
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As a means of recording the passage of
time, '''''the 18th century''''' refers to the
century that lasted from
1701 through
1800 in the
Gregorian calendar.
European history scholars will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th century as
1715-
1789, denoting the period of time between the death of
Louis XIV of France and the start of the
French Revolution.
Events
1700s
*
1701-
1714:
War of the Spanish Succession
*
1703:
Saint Petersburg founded by
Peter I of Russia Peter the Great.
Russia Russian capital until
1918.
*
1707:
Act of Union 1707 Act of Union passed merging the
Scotland Scottish and the
England English Parliaments, thus establishing The
Kingdom of Great Britain.
*
1707: After
Aurangzeb's death, the
Mughal Empire enters a long decline.
1710s
*
1715:
Louis XIV of France Louis XIV died leaving France deep in debt.
*
1718: City of
New Orleans founded by the
France French in
North America
1720s
*
1720:
The South Sea Company The South Sea Bubble
*
1721:
Robert Walpole becomes the first
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Prime Minister of Great Britain (
De facto de facto).
*
1721:
Treaty of Nystad signed, ending the
Great Northern War.
*
1722:
Pashtun Afghans conquer Iran, ending the
Safavids Safavid dynasty.
*
1722:
Kangxi Emperor of
China dies.
1730s
*
1733-
1738 38:
War of the Polish Succession
*
1735-
1799 99: The
Qianlong Emperor of China oversees a huge expansion in territory.
*
1736:
Nadir Shah assumes title of
Shah of
Persian Empire Persia and founds the
Afsharid dynasty. Rules until his death in
1747.
*
1739:
Nadir Shah defeats the
Mughal Empire Mughals and sacks
Delhi.
1740s
Image:Frederick II of Prussia Coloured drawing.png right|thumb|200px|''Frederick II the Great, King of Prussia''
*
1740:
Frederick II of Prussia Frederick the Great crowned King of
Prussia.
*
1740-
1748 48:
War of the Austrian Succession
*
1741:
Russians begin settling the
Aleutian Islands.
*
1747:
Ahmed Shah Durrani founds the
Durrani Empire in modern day
Afghanistan.
1750s
*
1750: Peak of the
Little Ice Age
*
1755: The
1755 Lisbon earthquake Lisbon earthquake
*
1756-
1763 63:
Seven Years' War fought among European powers in various theaters around the world.
*
1757:
Battle of Plassey signals the beginning of
Kingdom of Great Britain British rule in
India.
1760s
*
1760:
George III of the United Kingdom George III becomes King of Britain.
*
1762-
1796 96: Reign of
Catherine II of Russia Catherine the Great of
Russia.
*
1763-
1766 66:
Pontiac's Rebellion in North America
*
1766-
1799 99:
List of Anglo-Mysore Wars Anglo-Mysore Wars
*
1767:
Konbaung Dynasty Burmese conquer the
Ayutthaya kingdom.
*
1768:
Gurkhas conquer
Nepal.
*
1768-
1774:
Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774 Russo-Turkish War
*
1769:
Spain Spanish missionary missionaries establish the first of 21
Spanish Missions of California missions in
California.
*
1769-
1773 73: The
Bengal famine of 1770 kills one third of the
British India Indian population.
1770s
*
1772-
1795: The
Partitions of Poland end the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and erase Poland from the map for 123 years.
*
1775-
1782:
First Anglo-Maratha War
*
1775-
1783:
American Revolutionary War
*
1779-
1879:
Cape Frontier Wars between British and
Boer settlers and the
Xhosas in
South Africa
1780s
*
1785-
1795 95:
Northwest Indian War between the
United States and
Indigenous peoples in the United States Native Americans
*
1787: Freed slaves from
London found
Freetown in present-day
Sierra Leone.
*
1788: First European settlement established in
Australia at
Sydney.
*
1789:
George Washington elected
President of the United States. Serves until
1797.
*
1789-
1799 99: The
French Revolution
1790s
Image:Taking of the Bastille.jpg July 14.html" title="Meaning of right right|350px|thumb|The storming of the Bastille, [[July 14,
1789, an iconic event of the
French Revolution..html" title="Meaning of 350px|thumb|The storming of the Bastille, [[July 14">right|350px|thumb|The storming of the Bastille, [[July 14,
1789, an iconic event of the
French Revolution.">350px|thumb|The storming of the Bastille, [[July 14">right|350px|thumb|The storming of the Bastille, [[July 14,
1789, an iconic event of the
French Revolution.
*
1791 Jewish Emancipation in France.
*
1791-
1804: The
Haitian Revolution
*
1792-
1815: The
Great French War starts as the
French Revolutionary Wars which lead into the
Napoleonic Wars.
*
1792:
New York Stock Exchange New York Stock & Exchange Board founded.
*
1793:
Upper Canada Act Against Slavery bans slavery.
*
1795:
Pinckney's Treaty between the
United States and
Spain grants the
Mississippi Territory to the US.
*
1796: British eject Dutch from
Ceylon.
*
1796-
1804:
White Lotus Rebellion in
China.
*
1797:
Napoleon I of France Napoleon's invasion and partition of the
Republic of Venice ends over 1,000 years of independence for the Serene Republic.
*
1798: Irish
Irish Rebellion of 1798 Rebellion against British Rule
*
1798-
1800:
Quasi-War between the
United States and
France.
*
1799:
Napoleon I of France Napoleon stages a
coup d'état and becomes
dictator of
France.
*
1799:
Dutch East India Company is dissolved.
Significant people
*
Maria Gaetana Agnesi (Italian mathematician and linguist)
*
Ueda Akinari (Japanese writer)
*
Anne of Great Britain Queen Anne (British monarch)
*
Marie Antoinette (Austrian-born French Queen and symbol of anti-Revolutionary ire)
*
Benedict Arnold, considered a
traitor by many people on both sides (
United States and
Kingdom of Great Britain Britain) of the
American Revolutionary War.
*
Feijoo, Spanish writer.
*
Johann Sebastian Bach (composer)
*
George Berkeley (Irish Catholic Bishop and
Empiricist philosopher)
*
Pierre Beaumarchais (French writer)
*
Jeremy Bentham (English jurist, philosopher, and legal and social reformer)
*
Daniel Bernoulli (Swiss mathematician and physicist)
*
Napoleon Bonaparte (general and
first consul of
France)
*
François Boucher (French painter)
*
Edmund Burke (British statesman and philosopher who supported the American Revolution)
*
Robert Burns (Scottish poet)
*
Catherine II of Russia Catherine the Great (Russian Tsaritsa)
*
Alexis Clairault (French mathematician)
*
James Cook (British navigator)
*
François Couperin French composer
*
Jean le Rond d'Alembert (French mathematician, physicist, and encyclopedist)
*
Denis Diderot (French writer and philosopher)
*
Leonhard Euler (Swiss mathematician)
*
Jean-Honoré Fragonard (French painter)
*
Benjamin Franklin (American revolutionary, inventor, printer, and diplomat)
*
Frederick II of Prussia Frederick the Great (Prussian monarch)
*
Thomas Gainsborough (painter)
*
Carl Friedrich Gauss (German mathematician, physicist, and astronomer)
*
George III of the United Kingdom King George III (British monarch)
*
Christoph Willibald Gluck (German composer)
*
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (German writer)
*
Thomas Gray (British writer)
*
George Frideric Handel (German composer)
*
Alexander Hamilton (American revolutionary, lawyer, and statesman)
*
Joseph Haydn (Austrian composer)
*
William Hogarth (painter and engraver)
*
David Hume (philosopher)
*
Thomas Jefferson (American revolutionary, philosopher, and statesman)
*
Samuel Johnson (British writer and literary critic)
*
Immanuel Kant (philosopher)
*
Wolfgang von Kempelen (Hungarian scientist, pioneer in experimental phonetics)
*
Pierre Choderlos de Laclos French official, general and author.
*
Joseph Louis Lagrange (Italian mathematician and mathematical physicist)
*
Pierre Simon Laplace (French physicist and mathematician)
*
John Law (economist) John Law (Scottish economist)
*
James Watt, (Scottish inventor)
*
Antoine Lavoisier (French chemist)
*
Adrien-Marie Legendre (French mathematician)
*
Louis XIV of France (monarch)
*
Louis XV of France (monarch)
*
Louis XVI of France (monarch)
*
James Madison (American revolutionary, writer, and statesman)
*
Maria Theresa of Austria (Holy Roman Empress, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia)
*
Michikinikwa (
Miami tribe chief and war leader)
*
Honoré Mirabeau French writer, orator, politician
*
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (composer)
*
Thomas Paine (British intellectual and philosopher who advocated for the
American Revolution)
*
Tupac Amaru II (Peruvian revolutionary)
*
Philip II, Duke of Orléans (Regent of France)
*
Alexander Pope (British poet)
*
Francis II Rákóczi (prince of Hungary and Transylvania, leader of the Hungarian freedom war)
*
Jean-Philippe Rameau (French composer and music theorist)
*
Sir Joshua Reynolds (painter)
*
Maximilien Robespierre (
French Revolution French Revolutionary leader and dictator)
*
Pedro RodrÃguez de Campomanes, Spanish politician and economist.
*
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (French writer and philosopher)
*
Domenico Scarlatti Italian composer.
*
Friedrich Schiller (German writer)
*
John Small, Sr (Hambledon cricketer; the first great batsman)
*
Adam Smith (Scottish economist and philosopher)
*
Laurence Sterne (British writer)
*
Edward "Lumpy" Stevens (Surrey cricketer; the first great bowler)
*
Jonathan Swift (Anglo-Irish satirist)
*
Tecumseh (Revolutionary)
*
Antonio Vivaldi Italian composer
*
Voltaire (French writer and philosopher)
*
George Washington (American revolutionary general and first president)
*
Antoine Watteau French painter
*
John Wesley (Founder of Methodism, Anglican clergyman, English reformer, scholar, theologian and writer)
*
William Pitt (British Prime Minister)
See
Founding Fathers of the United States
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
{{main articles|
Timeline of invention#18th century and
Timeline of scientific discoveries#1700s}}
*
Industrial Revolution begins
* The
Encyclopédie by the
Encyclopedists
* The English
Dictionary by
Samuel Johnson
*
History of economic thought Economics by
Adam Smith
*
Rosetta stone discovered by
Napoleon I of France Napoleon's troops.
*
Vitus Bering discovered
Alaska.
*
James Cook mapped the boundaries of the
Pacific Ocean and discovered many
Pacific Islands.
*
Wahhabism by
Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab
Decades and years
{{DecadesAndYears|16|17|18}}
Category:18th century *
Category:Centuries
Category:Industrial Revolution
Category:Romanticism
af:18de eeu
ast:Sieglu XVIII
bg:18 век
be:18 Ñ?тагодзьдзе
bs:18. vijek
br:XVIIIvet kantved
ca:Segle XVIII
cv:XVIII ĕмĕр
cs:18. stoletÃ
cy:18fed ganrif
da:18. århundrede
de:18. Jahrhundert
et:18. sajand
el:18ος αιώνας
es:Siglo XVIII
eo:18-a jarcento
fa:سده ۱۸ (میلادی)
fo:18. øld
fr:XVIIIe siècle
fy:18e ieu
ga:18ú haois
ko:18세기
hr:18. stoljeće
io:18ma yar-cento
id:Abad ke-18
is:18. öldin
it:XVIII secolo
he:המ×?×” ×”-18
ka:XVIII ს�უკუნე
ku:Sedsala 18'an
la:Saeculum 18
lt:XVIII amžius
lb:18. Joerhonnert
li:Achtiende iew
hu:18. század
mk:18 век
mi:Tua 18 rau tau
nl:18e eeuw
ja:18世紀
no:18. århundre
nn:1700-talet
os:XVIII æнуÑ?
pl:XVIII wiek
pt:Século XVIII
ro:Secolul XVIII
ru:XVIII век
sq:Shekulli XVIII
scn:Sèculu XVIII
simple:18th century
sk:18. storoÄ?ie
sl:18. stoletje
sr:18. век
fi:1700-luku
sv:1700-talet
tt:18. yöz
th:คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 18
tr:18. yüzyıl
uk:18 Ñ?толіттÑ?
wa:18inme sieke
zh:18世纪
see
18th century
{{commonscat|18th century}}
Articles and events specifically relating to the
18th century, which included the years
1701 to
1800 (not
1700 to
1799 as is often erroneously claimed).
{{YearsInCentury|17|th|18|th|19|th}}
Category:Years
Category:Centuries
Category:2nd millennium
af:Kategorie:18de eeu
ast:CategorÃa:Sieglu XVIII
be:КатÑ?горыÑ?:18 Ñ?тагодзьдзе
bg:КатегориÑ?:18 век
ca:Categoria:Segle XVIII
cs:Kategorie:18. stoletÃ
da:Kategori:18. århundrede
de:Kategorie:18. Jahrhundert
et:Kategooria:18. sajand
es:CategorÃa:Siglo XVIII
ko:분류:18세기
io:Category:18ma yar-cento
id:Kategori:Abad ke-18
is:Flokkur:18. öldin
csb:Kategòrëjô:XVIII stolaté
lb:Category:Joer (18. Jh.)
mi:Category:Tua 18 rau tau
nl:Categorie:18e eeuw
ja:Category:18世紀
no:Kategori:1700-tallet
pl:Kategoria:XVIII wiek
pt:Categoria:Século XVIII
ro:Categorie:Secolul al XVIII-lea
ru:КатегориÑ?:XVIII век
simple:Category:18th century
sk:Kategória:18. storoÄ?ie
sl:Kategorija:Osemnajsto stoletje našega štetja
sv:Kategori:1700-talet
tt:Törkem:18. yöz
zh:Category:18世纪
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