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1913
*** Shopping-Tip: 1913
{{yearbox|
| in?=
| cp=19th century
| c=20th century
| cf=21st century
| yp1=1910
| yp2=1911
| yp3=1912
| year=1913
| ya1=1914
| ya2=1915
| ya3=1916
| dp3=1880s
| dp2=1890s
| dp1=1900s
| d=1910s
| dn1=1920s
| dn2=1930s
| dn3=1940s
}}
{{C20YearInTopic}}
'''1913''' ('''
Roman numerals MCMXIII''') was a
common year starting on Wednesday. (click on link for calendar)
Events
{{Year E}}
January
*
January 30 -
House of Lords rejects
Irish Home Rule Bill
February
*
February 1 -
New York City's
Grand Central Terminal opens as the world's largest
train station.
*
February 3 - The
16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect
income tax.
*
February 3 - Trial of the remnants of the
Bonnot gang begins.
*
February 17 - The
Armory Show opens in
New York City. It displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early
20th century
*
February 27 - Freezing weather stops everything in
Balkans
March
* March - Outpouring of
monarchy monarchist sentiment in
Russia when the House of
Romanov celebrate the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throne
*
March 4 - End of term for
President of the United States William Howard Taft. He is succeeded by
Thomas Woodrow Wilson.
*
March 12 -
Canberra becomes the federal capital of
Australia
*
March 13 -
Mexican Revolution -
Pancho Villa returns to
Mexico from his self-imposed exile in USA
*
March 18 -
George I of Greece is assassinated.
*
March 20 -
Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (
Kuomintang KMT) is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.
*
March 25 -
Venustiano Carranza announces his
Plan of Guadaloupe and begins his rebellion against
Victoriano Huerta's government as the head of "
Constitutionals"
*
March 26 -
Balkan War:
Bulgarian forces take
Adrianople.
April
*
April 8 - Passing of the
Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, dictating the direct election of senators.
*
April 24 -
Woolworth Building opening ceremony.
May
*
May 13 -
Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a four engine
aircraft.
*
May 14 -
New York Governor
William Sulzer approves the charter for the
Rockefeller Foundation which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from
John D. Rockefeller.
*
May 29 -
Igor Stravinsky's
ballet score ''
The Rite of Spring'' is premiered in Paris.
*
May 30 -
First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in
London ending the war.
June
* June - First edition of the Christian Esoteric magazine
Rays from the Rose Cross in the
United States; still issued bimonthly till today.
*
June 4 -
Emily Davison, a
suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the
Epsom Derby. She is trampled and dies a few days later, never having regained consciousness.
*
June 13 -
Great Gorge and International Railway trolley and passengers are buried under the contents of an overhead garbage chute that broke in
Niagara Falls, New York.
*
June 15 -
Bud Bagsak Massacre: US troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 relatively defenceless men, women and children, Bud Bagsak, Philippines.
*
June 24 -
Joseph Cook becomes the 6th
Prime Minister of Australia.
July
*
July 3 - Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the
Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of
United States Civil War veterans and their families to
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
*
July 10 -
Death Valley,
California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (
as of 2004).
August
*
August 4 - In
China, province of
Chungking declares
independence.
Chinese republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks
*
August 13 - Invention of
stainless steel by
Harry Brearley in
Sheffield.
*
August 15 - Start of
Dublin Lockout, all
trade union members dismissed
*
August 20 - 700 feet above
Buc,
France, parachutist
Adolphe Pegond becomes the first person to jump from an airplane and land safely.
September
*
September 23 - French aviator
Roland Garros flies over the
Mediterranean
*
September 29 -
Rudolf Diesel disappears en route to Britain
* September 29 -
Pancho Villa is elected commander of the "Northern Division" of the Constitutionals
October
*
October 1 - Villa's troops take
Torreon after a three-day battle when government troops retreat
*
October 10 - US President
Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike thus ending construction on the
Panama Canal.
*
October 19 - Founding of the
DLRG (German Life Saving Society)
November
*
November 5 - The insane king
Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title
Ludwig III of Bavaria Ludwig III.
*
November 6 -
Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of
Indian miners in
South Africa.
*
November 7-
November 12 - The
Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills over 250.
December
*
December 1 -
Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving
assembly line, reducing
chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford was not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one did spark an era of
mass production).
* December 1 -
Greece annexes
Crete
*
December 12 -
Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson
Iyasu V of Ethiopia.
* December 12 -
Vincencio Peruggia tries to sell ''
Mona Lisa'' in the Florence and is arrested
*
December 23 - The
Federal Reserve is created by
Woodrow Wilson
*
December 30 - Italy returns ''
Mona Lisa'' to France
Unknown Dates
* Female suffrage in
Norway
* British steamship ''Calvadas'' disappears in the
Marmora Sea with 200 hands
* First
crossword puzzle appears in the ''World'' newspaper
*
Black Chamber, forerunner of
National Security Agency NSA, founded
*
de Sitter:
speed of light is independent of speed of source
*
Sagnac:
speed of light depends on speed of rotating platform
* Painting
September Morn ''September Morn'' creates a national sensation in U.S.
*
Camel Cigarettes were introduced
* Ela Hockaday founds
The Hockaday School
* First publication of
Journal of Ecology
*
National Temperance Council founded to promote
temperance movement
Births
January
*
January 2 -
Anna Lee, English actress (d.
2004)
*
January 6 -
Edward Gierek Polish politician, (d.
2001)
* January 6 -
Loretta Young, American actress (d.
2000)
*
January 9 -
Richard M. Nixon,
President of the United States (d.
1994)
*
January 10 -
Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d.
1991)
*
January 15 -
Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d.
1998)
*
January 18 -
Danny Kaye, American actor (d.
1987)
*
January 22 -
William Cardinal Conway, Northern Irish clergyman (d.
1977)
* January 22 -
Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d.
2003)
*
January 24 -
Norman Dello Joio, American composer
*
January 25 -
Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d.
1994)
*
January 29 -
Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d.
2001)
February
*
February 2 -
Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d.
1985)
*
February 4 -
Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d.
2005)
*
February 6 -
Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d.
1996)
*
February 13 -
George Barker (poet) George Barker, British poet (d.
1991)
*
February 14 -
Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d.
1996)
* February 14 -
Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared) (d.
1975)
*
February 25 -
Jim Backus, American actor (d.
1989)
* February 25 -
Gert Fröbe, German actor (d.
1988)
*
February 27 -
Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (d.
2005)
* February 27 -
Irwin Shaw, American writer (d.
1984)
March
*
March 1 -
R.S.R. Fitter Richard S.R. Fitter, British writer (d.
2005)
*
March 4 -
John Garfield, American actor (d.
1952)
*
March 13 -
William Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d.
1987)
* March 13 -
Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer and lyricist
*
March 18 -
René Clément, French film director (d.
1996)
*
March 21 -
George Abecassis, English race car driver (d.
1991)
*
March 29 -
R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d.
2000)
*
March 30 -
Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d.
2002)
* March 30 -
Frankie Laine, American singer
April
*
April 3 -
Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d.
2005)
*
April 11 -
Oleg Cassini, American fashion disigner (d.
2006)
*
April 27 -
Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor (d.
2004)
May
*
May 1 -
Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (d.
2005)
* May 1 -
Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d.
1980)
*
May 5 -
Tyrone Power, American Actor (d.
1958)
*
May 8 -
Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d.
1937)
*
May 11 -
Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d.
1994)
*
May 13 -
William R. Tolbert, Jr., Liberian president (d.
1980)
*
May 16 -
Woody Herman, American musician and band leader (d.
1987)
*
May 20 -
William Hewlett, American businessman (d.
2001)
*
May 26 -
Peter Cushing, English actor (d.
1994)
*
May 29 -
Tony Zale, American boxer (d.
1997)
June
*
June 10 -
Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer
*
June 11 -
Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d.
1970)
*
June 18 -
Robert Mondavi, American wine maker
*
June 25 -
Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d.
2005)
*
June 28 -
Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker
July
*
July 12 -
Willis Lamb, American physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate
*
July 14 -
Gerald Ford, 38th
President of the United States
*
July 18 -
Red Skelton, American comedian (d.
1997)
*
July 22 -
Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (d.
1995)
August
*
August 8 -
John Facenda, American broadcaster and sports announcer (d.
1984)
*
August 10 -
Wolfgang Pauli, German physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1993)
*
August 13 -
Makarios III,
List of Archbishops of Cyprus Cypriot Archbishop and first
President of Cyprus (d.
1977)
*
August 16 -
Menachem Begin,
Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1992)
*
August 17 -
Rudy York, baseball player (d.
1970)
*
August 19 -
Richard Simmons (actor) Richard Simmons, American actor (d.
2003)
*
August 20 -
Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1994)
*
August 27 -
Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter
Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d.
2006)
*
August 28 -
Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d.
1995)
* August 28 -
Richard Tucker, American tenor (d.
1975)
*
August 30 -
Richard Stone, British economist,
Nobel Prize in Economics Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1991)
September
*
September 4 -
Stanford Moore, American chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1982)
*
September 5 -
Frank Thomas (animator) Frank Thomas, American animator (d.
2004)
*
September 12 -
Jesse Owens, American athlete (d.
1980)
*
September 14 -
Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán Jacobo Arbenz,
President of Guatemala (d.
1971)
*
September 15 -
John N. Mitchell,
United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (d.
1988)
*
September 19 -
Frances Farmer, American actress (d.
1970)
*
September 29 -
Trevor Howard, English actor (d.
1988)
* September 29 -
Stanley Kramer, American film producer, director, and writer (d.
2001)
* September 29 -
Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (d.
1996)
*
September 30 -
Bill Walsh (producer) Bill Walsh, American movie producer and writer (d.
1975)
October
*
October 10 -
Claude Simon, French writer,
Nobel Prize in Literature Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2005)
November
*
November 2 -
Burt Lancaster, American actor (d.
1994)
*
November 5 -
Vivien Leigh, British actress (d.
1967)
*
November 7 -
Albert Camus, French writer,
Nobel Prize in Literature Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1960)
*
November 9 -
Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d.
2000)
*
November 10 -
Ã?lvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d.
2005)
*
November 13 -
Alexander Scourby, American actor (d.
1985)
*
November 15 -
Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d.
2005)
*
November 21 -
John and Roy Boulting John Boulting, English film director (d.
1985)
* November 21 -
John and Roy Boulting Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (d.
2001)
*
November 22 -
Benjamin Britten, English composer (d.
1976)
December
*
December 6 -
Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (d.
2004)
*
December 8 -
Delmore Schwartz, American
Poet (d.
1966)
*
December 10 -
Morton Gould, American composer (d.
1996)
*
December 13 -
Arnold_Brown_%28General_of_The_Salvation_Army%29 Arnold Brown, the 11th General of
The Salvation Army (d.
2002)
*
December 18 -
Alfred Bester (author) Alfred Bester, American author (d.
1987)
* December 18 -
Willy Brandt,
Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1992)
Deaths
*
January 2 -
Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b.
1855)
*
January 4 -
Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (b.
1833)
*
February 22 -
Francisco I. Madero,
President of Mexico (b.
1873)
*
February 26 -
Felix Draeseke, German composer (b.
1835)
*
March 10 -
Harriet Tubman, American anti-slavery activist (b.
1820)
*
March 22 -
Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary (b.
1882)
*
March 31 -
J.P.Morgan, American financier and banker (b.
1837)
*
June 5 -
Chris von der Ahe, German-born brewer and baseball owner
*
July 3 -
Horatio Nelson Young, American naval hero (b.
1845)
*
July 29 -
Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (b.
1838)
*
October 5 -
Hans von Bartels, German painter (b.
1856)
*
November 7 -
Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b.
1823)
*
November 22 -
Tokugawa Yoshinobu 15th and last
Tokugawa shogunate (b.
1837)
*
December 12 -
Menelik II,
Emperor of Ethiopia (b.
1844)
Month/day unknown
*
John S. Billings, M.D., American military and medical leader (b.
1838)
Nobel prizes
*
Nobel Prize/Physics Physics -
Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes
*
Nobel Prize/Chemistry Chemistry -
Alfred Werner
*
Nobel Prize/Physiology or medicine Medicine -
Charles Robert Richet
*
Nobel Prize in literature Literature -
Rabindranath Tagore
*
Nobel Prize/Peace Peace -
Henri La Fontaine
External links
-
1913 Coin Pictures
Category:1913
af:1913
ar:1913
ast:1913
az:1913
be:1913
bg:1913
bs:1913
ca:1913
cs:1913
csb:1913
cv:1913
cy:1913
da:1913
de:1913
el:1913
eo:1913
es:1913
et:1913
eu:1913
fi:1913
fo:1913
fr:1913
fy:1913
ga:1913
gl:1913
he:1913
hr:1913
hu:1913
ia:1913
id:1913
io:1913
is:1913
it:1913
ja:1913å¹´
ka:1913
ko:1913ë…„
kw:1913
la:1913
lb:1913
lt:1913
mk:1913
ms:1913
nap:1913
nds:1913
nl:1913
nn:1913
no:1913
os:1913
pl:1913
pt:1913
ro:1913
ru:1913
scn:1913
se:1913
simple:1913
sk:1913
sl:1913
sq:1913
sr:1913
sv:1913
te:1913
th:พ.ศ. 2456
tl:1913
tr:1913
tt:1913
uk:1913
wa:1913
zh:1913å¹´
Category:1910s
ar:تصنيÙ?:1913
de:Kategorie:1913
et:Kategooria:1913
fr:Catégorie:1913
ko:분류:1913년
is:Flokkur:1913
nl:Categorie:1913
ja:Category:1913å¹´
os:Категори:1913
ro:Categorie:1913
ru:КатегориÑ?:1913
simple:Category:1913
sk:Kategória:1913
sl:Kategorija:Leto 1913
tt:Törkem:1913
tr:Kategori:1913
zh:Category:1913å¹´
''This article incorporates text from the
public domain Webster's Dictionary 1913 Webster's Dictionary.''
*** Shopping-Tip: 1913
