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1918
*** Shopping-Tip: 1918
{{yearbox|
| in?=
| cp=19th century
| c=20th century
| cf=21st century
| yp1=1915
| yp2=1916
| yp3=1917
| year=1918
| ya1=1919
| ya2=1920
| ya3=1921
| dp3=1880s
| dp2=1890s
| dp1=1900s
| d=1910s
| dn1=1920s
| dn2=1930s
| dn3=1940s
}}
{{C20YearInTopic}}
'''1918''' ('''
Roman numerals MCMXVIII''') was a
common year starting on Tuesday of the
Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a
common year starting on Wednesday of the
Julian calendar.
Events
January-February
*
February 16 —
Lithuania declared its independence.
*
February 24 —
Estonia declared its independence.
March-April
*
March 1 — German submarine
Unterseeboot 19 U 19 sinks
HMS Calgarian HMS ''Calgarian'' off
Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland.
*
March 3 —
World War I: Germany,
Austria and
Bolshevist Russia sign the
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending Russia's involvement in the war.
*
March 5 — The Soviet Russia moves its national capital from
Petrograd to
Moscow
*
March 6 —
Finnish Air Force founded. The blue swastika is adopted as its symbol as a tribute to the Swedish explorer and aviator
Eric von Rosen who donated the first plane. Von Rosen had painted the Buddhist symbol on the plane as his personal lucky insignia.
*
March 7 — World War I:
Finland forms an alliance with Germany.
*
March 12 –
Moscow becomes the capital of Soviet Russia
*
March 19 — The
Congress of the United States U.S. Congress establishes
time zones and approves
daylight saving time (DST went into effect on
March 31).
*
March 21 — World War I:
First Battle of the Somme (1918) Second Battle of the Somme begins
*
March 23 — The giant German cannon, the so called
Paris Gun begins to shell Paris from 114 km (75 miles) away
*
March 23 — In London at the
Wood Green Empire,
Chung Ling Soo (William E Robinson, US-born magician) dies during his trick where he was supposed to "catch" two separate bullets – one of them perforates his lung. He dies the following morning in hospital.
*
March 23 — The
Social Revolutionary Party declares
Belorussia independent;
Bolshevik armies soon crush them
*
March 25 — for the first time
Belarus declares independence.
*
April 1 — The
Royal Flying Corps and the
Royal Naval Air Service are merged to form the
Royal Air Force.
May-July
*
May 1 — German troops enter
Don province — they take
Rostov May 6
*
May 2 —
General Motors Corporation General Motors acquires the
Chevrolet Motor Company of
Delaware.
*
May 15 — The Post Office Department (later renamed the
United States Postal Service USPS) begins the first regular
airmail service in the world (between
New York City,
Philadelphia and
Washington, DC).
*
May 16 — The
Sedition Act of 1918 is approved by US Congress.
*
May 26 — The
Democratic Republic of Georgia is established.
*
may 28 —
Azerbaijan declared independence and established the
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. This first Muslim republic in the world.
*
May 28 —
Armenia gains independence from the
Ottoman Empire
*
June 1 — World War I:
Battle for Belleau Wood begins.
* July — The
Siberian Expedition is launched to extract the Czechoslovak Legion from the Russian civil war.
*
July 4 — Change of
Ottoman Emperor emperor of the
Ottoman Empire from
Mehmed V (Resad) (
1909-1918) to
Mehmed VI (Vahdettin) (1918-
1922)
*
July 9 —
Great train wreck of 1918: In
Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express killing 101.
*
July 15 — World War I:
Second Battle of the Marne — The battle begins near the
River Marne with a German attack.
*
July 16 —
Russian Revolution of 1917 Russian Revolution: At
Ekaterinburg,
Bolsheviks execute Czar
Nicholas II of Russia and his family.
August-October
* August — "
Spanish Flu"
Influenza becomes
pandemic; over twenty-five million people die in the following six months (almost two times as many as died during the war).
*
August 1 — British anti-Bolshevik forces occupy
Archangel, Russia.
August 10 commander is told to help
White Russians
*
August 1 — Emma Susan Daugherty Banister becomes the first female sheriff in the United States following the death of her husband,
John Riley Banister.
*
August 8 — World War I:
Battle of Amiens —
Canada Canadian troops, backed by
Australians, begin a string of almost continuous victories with a push through the German front lines. German General
Erich Ludendorff will later call this the "black day of the German army."
*
August 30 — Strike of 20,000 London policemen with demands of increased pay and union recognition.
*
August 30 —
Fanya Kaplan tries to shoot
Lenin. Petrograd head of
Cheka is assassinated the same day.
*
September 11 — The
Boston Red Sox defeat the
Chicago Cubs for the
1918 World Series championship. (their last World Series win until
2004)
*
September 28 —
Don Voisko adopts a constitution including declaration of
independence. Collapse of
Imperial Germany makes it void
*
October 3 —
Wilhelm II of Germany Kaiser makes
Max von Baden German chancellor.
*
October 8 — World War I — In the
Argonne Forest in
France, US Corporal
Alvin C. York almost single-handedly kills 25 German soldiers and captures 132.
*
October 18 — The city of
Mayagüez, Puerto Rico was nearly destroyed by an earthquake and a tsunami.
*
October 25 — The
Princess Sophia (steamer) Princess Sophia sinks on
Vanderbilt Reef near
Juneau, Alaska, 353 people die in the greatest maritime disaster in the Pacific Northwest.
*
October 28 —
Czechoslovakia declares its independence on
Austria-Hungary.
*
October 28 — New Polish government in Western
Galicia (Central Europe)
November
*
November 1 —
Malbone Street Wreck: the worst
rapid transit accident in world history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue,
Brooklyn, New York City, with at least 93
death dead.
*
November 1 —
Ruthenia in eastern
Czechoslovakia declares brief
independence
*
November 3 — World War I: Austria-Hungary enters an armistice with the
Allies.
*
November 3 —
Poland declares its independence from Russia.
*
November 4 — World War I:
Austria-Hungary surrenders to
Italy.
*
November 4 — Mutiny in the German fleet at
Kiel begin the
German Revolution.
*
November 6 — A new Polish government is proclaimed in
Lublin.
*
November 8 — German army withdraws its support of the Kaiser
*
November 9 — Kaiser
Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates and chooses to live in exile in the
Netherlands.
*
November 9 — Provisional National Council Minister-President
Kurt Eisner declares
Bavaria to be a
republic.
*
November 11 — World War I ends: Germany signs
Armistice with Germany (Compiègne) an armistice agreement with the Allies in a
railroad car outside of
Compiègne in
France.
*
November 11 — Poland regains independence after 123 years of
Partitions of Poland partitions.
Józef Piłsudski is appointed
Commander-in-Chief.
*
November 11 — Emperor
Charles I of Austria abdicates.
*
November 12 —
Austria becomes a
republic.
*
November 14 —
Czechoslovakia becomes a
republic.
*
November 14 —
Józef Piłsudski is appointed
head of state of
Poland
*
November 16 —
Hungary declares independence from
Austria
*
November 16 —
Hungarian People's Republic declared
*
November 18 —
Latvia declares its independence from Russia.
*
November 22 —
Spartacist League founds German Communist Party
*
November 22 —
Belgium Belgian royal family of Belgium royal family returns to
Brussels after the war
*
November 26 — the
Podgorica Assembly voted for "union of the people", declaring a joining into the Kingdom of
Serbia
*
November 28 – Soviet Russia invades
Estonia.
December
*
December 1 —
Iceland becomes a self-governing kingdom, yet remains united with
Denmark.
*
December 1 — New voting laws in
Sweden. Votes no longer dependent on taxable assets. One person, one vote.
*
December 1 — Proclamation of Union of
Alba Iulia. Following the
March 27 incorporation of
Bessarabia and
Bucovina,
Transylvania unites with
Romania.
*
December 1 — The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the
Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is proclaimed.
*
December 4 — US President Woodrow Wilson sails for the
Paris Peace Conference, 1919 Paris Peace Conference, becoming the first US president to travel to
Europe while in office.
*
December 27 — Beginning of
Great Poland Uprising, the Poles in
Greater Poland (or
Grand Duchy of Poznan Grand Duchy of Poznań rise against the Germans.
*
December 28 —
Constance Georgine, Countess Markiewicz Constance Markiewicz becomes the first woman elected to the
House of Commons.
Unknown dates
*
Finnish Civil War between the Reds and the Whites, January — April.
*
Habsburg Empire ceases to exist.
*
Grand Duchy of Baden ceases to exist.
* British occupy
Palestine (region) Palestine
*
Katla erupts in
Iceland.
*
Native American Church is founded.
*
Ernest Ansermet founds the
Orchestre de la Suisse Romande.
*
John Riley Banister becomes sheriff of
Coleman County,
Texas.
*
Clifton Hillegass, American author born (d.
2001)
*
Association Against the Prohibition Amendment founded to promote
repeal of prohibition in U.S.
*
United Business Media founded in London (as '''United Newspapers Ltd.''')
Births
January
*
January 10 —
Arthur Chung,
President of Guyana
*
January 15 —
Gamal Abdal Nasser,
President of Egypt (d.
1970)
*
January 16 —
Nel Benschop, Dutch poetess (d.
2005)
* January 16 —
Stirling Silliphant, American writer and producer (d.
1996)
*
January 19 —
John H. Johnson, American publisher, (d.
2005)
*
January 20 —
Juan Garcia Esquivel Esquivel, Mexican musician (d.
2002)
*
January 21 —
Richard D. Winters, Major of 506th PIR and a suggested officer for the MOH of D-day 101st airborne
*
January 23 —
Gertrude B. Elion, American scientist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1999)
*
January 25 —
Ernie Harwell, American baseball sportscaster
*
January 26 —
Nicolae CeauÅŸescu, Romanian dictator (d.
1989)
* January 26 —
Philip José Farmer, American writer
*
January 27 —
Skitch Henderson, English-born musician and bandleader (d.
2005)
*
January 29 —
John Forsythe, American actor
February
*
February 1 — Dame
Muriel Spark, Scottish author
*
February 3 —
Helen Stephens, American runner (d.
1994)
*
February 6 —
Lothar-Günther Buchheim, German author
*
February 7 —
Markey Robinson, Northern Irish painter (d.
1999)
*
February 8 —
Fred Blassie, American professional wrestler (d.
2003)
*
February 12 —
Julian Schwinger, American physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1994)
*
February 17 —
William Bronk, American poet (d.
1999)
*
February 22 —
Robert Pershing Wadlow, American record-holder as the tallest man (d.
1940)
*
February 25 —
Barney Ewell, American athlete (d.
1996)
* February 25 —
Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (d.
1995)
*
February 26 —
Theodore Sturgeon, American writer (d.
1985)
March
*
March 1 —
Roger Delgado, British actor (d.
1973)
* March 1 —
João Goulart,
President of Brazil (d.
1976)
*
March 3 —
Arthur Kornberg, American biochemist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* March 3 —
Fritz Thiedemann, German equestrian (d.
2000)
*
March 5 —
James Tobin, American economist,
Nobel Prize in Economics Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2002)
*
March 9 —
George Lincoln Rockwell, American Nazi leader (d.
1967)
* March 9 —
Mickey Spillane, American mystery writer
*
March 11 —
Jack Coe, American evangelist (d.
1956)
*
March 12 —
Elaine de Kooning, American artist (d.
1989)
*
March 16 —
Frederick Reines, American physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1998)
*
March 17 —
Mercedes McCambridge, American actress (d.
2004)
*
March 18 —
Al Benton, baseball player (d.
1968)
* March 18 —
Bob Broeg, American sports writer (d.
2005)
*
March 22 —
Cheddi Jagan,
President of Guyana (d.
1997)
*
March 25 —
Howard Cosell, American attorney, lecturer, and sports journalist (d.
1995)
*
March 29 —
Pearl Bailey, American singer and actress (d.
1990)
April
*
April 9 —
Jørn Utzon, Danish architect
*
April 16 —
Spike Milligan, Irish comedian (d.
2002)
*
April 17 —
William Holden (actor) William Holden, American actor (d.
1981)
*
April 20 —
Kai Siegbahn, Swedish physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate
*
April 22 —
Mickey Vernon, baseball player
*
April 26 —
Fanny Blankers-Koen, Dutch athlete (d.
2004)
May
*
May 1 —
Jack Paar, American television show host (d.
2004)
*
May 3 —
Benjamin C. Thompson, American architect (d.
2002)
*
May 9 —
Mike Wallace (journalist) Mike Wallace, American journalist
* May 9 —
Orville L. Freeman, American politician (d.
2003)
*
May 11 —
Richard Feynman, American physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1988)
*
May 12 —
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg Julius Rosenberg, American-born Soviet spy (d.
1953)
*
May 15 —
Eddy Arnold, American singer
*
May 16 —
Wilf Mannion, English footballer (d.
2000)
*
May 17 —
Birgit Nilsson, Swedish soprano (d.
2005)
*
May 20 —
Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
2004)
June
*
June 6 —
Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
*
June 18 —
Jerome Karle, American chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate
* June 18 —
Franco Modigliani, Italian-born economist,
Nobel Prize in Economics Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2003)
July
*
July 4 —
Ann Landers, American advice columnist (d.
2002)
* July 4 —
Pauline Phillips (
Abigail Van Buren), American advice columnist and twin sister to Ann Landers
*
July 5 —
George Rochberg, American composer (d.
2005)
*
July 9 —
Jarl Wahlström, the 12th General of
The Salvation Army (d.
1999)
*
July 13 —
Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d.
1955)
*
July 14 —
Ingmar Bergman Swedish film director
*
July 15 —
Bertram N. Brockhouse, Canadian physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2003)
*
July 17 —
Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio,
President of Guatemala (d.
2003)
*
July 18 —
Nelson Mandela,
President of South Africa, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize
*
July 24 —
Ruggiero Ricci, Italian-born violinist
*
July 27 —
Leonard Rose, American cellist (d.
1984)
*
July 31 —
Paul D. Boyer, American chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate
August
*
August 3 —
Sidney Gottlieb, American Central Intelligence Agency official (d.
1999)
*
August 5 —
Betty Oliphant, co-founder of National Ballet of Canada (d.
2004)
*
August 8 —
Brian Stonehouse, English painter and World War II spy (d.
1998)
*
August 13 —
Frederick Sanger, English biochemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate
*
August 25 —
Leonard Bernstein, American composer and conductor (d.
1990)
*
August 30 —
Ted Williams, American baseball player (d.
2002)
September
*
September 4 —
Paul Harvey, American radio broadcaster
*
September 8 —
Derek Harold Richard Barton, British chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1998)
*
September 22 —
Henryk Szeryng, Polish-born violinist (d.
1988)
*
September 27 —
Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physics (d.
1984)
October
*
October 4 —
Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1998)
*
October 5 —
Roland Garros, French pilot (shot down) (b.
1888)
*
October 8 —
Jens Christian Skou, Danish chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate
*
October 19 —
Louis Althusser, French philosopher (d.
1990)
*
October 27 –
Mihkel Mathiesen, Estonian statesman (d.
2003)
* October 27 -
Teresa Wright, American actress (d.
2005)
*
October 31 —
Ian Stevenson, American parapsychologist
November
*
November 3 —
Russell B. Long, U.S. Senator from Louisiana (d.
2003)
*
November 4 —
Art Carney, American actor (d.
2003)
*
November 10 —
Ernst Otto Fischer, German chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate
*
November 13 —
Jack Elam, American actor (d.
2003)
December
*
December 8 —
Gérard Souzay, French baritone (d.
2004)
*
December 11 —
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Russian writer,
Nobel Prize in Literature Nobel Prize laureate
*
December 12 —
Joe Williams (jazz singer) Joe Williams, American jazz singer (d.
1999)
*
December 15 —
Jeff Chandler (actor) Jeff Chandler, American actor (d.
1961)
*
December 21 —
Donald Regan, Chief of Staff and U.S. Treasury Secretary (d.
2003)
* December 21 —
Kurt Waldheim,
Secretary-General of the United Nations and
President of Austria
*
December 23 —
José Greco, Italian-born flamenco dancer (d.
2001)
*
December 25 —
Anwar Sadat,
President of Egypt, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1981)
Deaths
*
January 6 —
Georg Cantor, German mathematician (b.
1845)
*
January 9 —
Émile Reynaud, French science teacher and maker of the first animated films (b.
1844)
*
January 28 —
John McCrae, Canadian soldier and poet (b.
1872)
*
February 6 —
Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter (b.
1862)
*
February 10 —
Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian pacifist, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (b.
1833)
*
March 13 —
César Cui, Lithuanian composer (b.
1835)
*
March 25 —
Claude Debussy, French composer (b.
1862)
*
March 27 —
Henry Adams, American historian (b.
1838)
*
April 20 —
Karl Ferdinand Braun, German phyicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate (b.
1850)
*
April 21 —
Manfred von Richthofen, "Red Baron", German World War I pilot (b,
1892)
*
May 14 —
James Gordon Bennett, Jr., American newspaper publisher (b.
1841)
*
May 19 —
Raoul Lufbery, American World War I pilot (b.
1885)
*
June 10 —
Arrigo Boito, Italian poet and composer (b.
1842)
*
July 3 — Sultan
Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire (b.
1844)
*
July 17 —
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (b.
1868) and his family (executed)
*
August 1 —
John Riley Banister, law officer, cowboy, and Texas Ranger (b.
1854)
*
August 18 —
Henry Norwest, Canadian World War I sniper (b.
1884)
*
September 12 —
George Reid (Australian politician) George Reid, fourth
Prime Minister of Australia (b.
1845)
*
September 28 —
Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (b.
1858)
*
October 15 -
Shirdi Sai Baba, Indian
guru and
fakir (b. circa
1838)
*
October 22 —
Myrtle Gonzalez, American stage and screen actress (b.
1891)
*
November 4 —
Wilfred Owen, English poet (killed in action) (b.
1893)
*
November 9 —
Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet (b.
1880)
*
November 19 —
Joseph Fielding Smith (1838-1918) Joseph Fielding Smith, president of
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b.
1838)
Nobel prizes
*
Nobel Prize in Physics Physics —
Max Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
*
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Chemistry —
Fritz Haber
*
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Medicine — not awarded
*
Nobel Prize in literature Literature — not awarded
*
Nobel Peace Prize Peace — not awarded
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*** Shopping-Tip: 1918
