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1990s
*** Shopping-Tip: 1990s
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1990s The 1990s decade refers to the years from
1990 to
1999, inclusive. Sometimes it is wrongly used to refer to the era from
1991 up to and including
2000. Some believe that in an abstract sense the 1990s end in the year
2001 which was the time of the
September 11 Attacks and others believe we are still in the 1990s in some ways because of similar music genres (even definitive '90s genres such as
Grunge and
Gangsta Rap exist in some form or another during the current
2000s decade), fashions (straight
hair,
body art), and social concerns (
globalization, media violence/sex/profanity). The popular culture zeitgeist generally associated with the 1990s can be said to begin between
1989 and
1992 and end anywhere from
1997 to the present day. This other decade is rightly designed by '''''the 200th decade'''''. They are primarily in the last decade of the
20th century (except for
1990), but some historians consider them to be the same social era as the
21st century (see
short 20th century).
The 1990s were marked with rapid progression of
democracy,
globalization and global capitalism following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the
Cold War. Key forces shaping the decade were the
Gulf War; popularization of
Personal Computers and the
Internet, leading to the
dot-com .com boom.
Overview
While optimism and hopes were high following the collapse of Communism, the backlash of the Cold War's effect was only beginning, precipitating the continuation of terrorism in
Third World regions that were once the frontlines for American and Soviet foreign politics, particularly in Asia. However, during the 1990s many
First World economies such as the
United States,
Canada,
Ireland,
Australia, and
South Korea experienced steady economic growth for nearly the entire decade. The
United Kingdom, after the recession of 1991-92 and
Black Wednesday, experienced a run of 51 consecutive quarters of economic growth that stretched into the new millennium. Even less affluent nations such as
Malaysia saw tremendous improvements in economic prosperity and quality of life during the 1990s. It should be noted though, that at least in the
United States the economy was in a rut during the first half of the decade.
kjoij
Many countries, institutions, companies, and organizations experienced the 1990s as "a prosperous time." In many Western countries, political stability and decreased militarization due to the winding down of the
Cold War lead to economic growth and higher standards of living for many upper class citizens. These trends were also fuelled by inexpensive fossil energy, with low
petroleum prices being due to a glut of oil on the market. Oil and gas were discovered in many countries in the former Soviet bloc, leading to economic growth and wider adoption of Western-style
free market economies and
free trade between nations.
The widespread adoption of
personal computers and the
Internet increased economic
productivity, while unprecedented levels of private investment in equity markets created a perception of growing personal wealth among many Americans and Europeans. However, critics of western-style
capitalism contend that the economic gains of the 1990s were unevenly distributed throughout society, widening the gap between the wealthiest and poorest citizens.
Politically, the 1990s was an era of spreading democracy. The former countries of the
Warsaw Pact rapidly evolved from totalitarian regimes to elected governments. The same was true in many nations of the developing world, such as
Taiwan,
Chile,
South Africa, and
Indonesia.
The thaw in relations between the countries of
NATO and the formers members of the
Warsaw Pact ended the
Cold War both in
Europe and in its peripheral conflicts in the developing world. Perhaps the most dramatic result were the
Oslo Accords, which resulted in an agreement by
Israel to allow
Palestinian self-government.
Despite the perception of prosperity and democracy, there was a significant dark side of the 1990s that only became more visible after the decade ended. In
Africa a rapid increase in incidence of
AIDS contributed to falling
life expectancy and zero or negative growth rates. In the states of the
former Soviet Union GDP halved as massive
capital flight occurred.
Financial crises in the developing world after 1994 began to undermine support for
globalization. And tragic conflicts like the
Serbian-Croatian conflict Balkan Wars, the
Rwandan genocide, the
Battle of Mogadishu in Somalia and the first
Gulf War, as well as the continuation of
terrorism, led some to hypothesize a
Clash of Civilizations. Nevertheless, many of these problems remained below the surface of popular consciousness in the
West until the
2000s.
Youth culture in the 1990s was characterized by
environmentalism,
anti-globalization,
entrepreneurship, and artistic
vulgarity. Fashions were often
individualistic, most notably involving unique personal tattoos and excessive piercing of body parts to accommodate jewelry, and also embracing a "retro" style inspired by
hippy fashions on the
1970s. Young people became increasingly involved in outdoor activities that combined athletics with the appreciation of nature (such as
kayaking,
rock climbing and
snowboarding). This was the genesis of
extreme sports.
In
1991,
violent crime reached its peak in the
United States. The mid and late 1990s saw a precipitous drop in crime rates all across the country.
Technology
The 1990s were a time of great change - mainstreaming and improving technologies invented and used first during the
1980s.
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* The
Pentium Pentium processor is developed by
Intel.
*
Microsoft introduces
Windows 95 and later
Windows 98 to the market, which gained immediate popularity.
* Explosive growth of the
Internet, decrease in the cost of
computers and other technology.
* Advancements with
Modems computer modems,
ISDN,
cable modems and
Digital Subscriber Line DSL lead to faster connection to the Internet.
* The development of
web browsers such as
Netscape Netscape Navigator and
Internet Explorer makes surfing the
World Wide Web easier and more
User-friendliness user friendly.
* The
Java programming language is developed by
Sun Microsystems.
* Businesses begin
E-commerce websites; companies such as
Amazon.com,
eBay,
AOL, and
Yahoo! grew rapidly on the
Internet.
*
Cell phones become cheaper and decrease in size, and are soon a necessity for modern life.
*
E-mail becomes popular; as a result
Microsoft acquires the popular
Hotmail.com.
*
Year 2000 problem (commonly known as Y2K).
*
Microsoft Windows operating system becomes virtually ubiquitous on
IBM PCs.
* Development of free operating system
Linux is started.
Science
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* Physicists explore space and time fundamentals with
string theory and
M-theory.
* Detection of
extrasolar planets orbiting
stars other than the sun.
* The
cloning of
Dolly the sheep is achieved.
*
Human Genome Project began.
*
DNA identification of individuals finds wide application in
criminal law.
*
Hubble Space Telescope launched in
1990; revolutionizes
astronomy.
*
Protease inhibitor (pharmacology) Protease inhibitors introduced allowing
HAART therapy against
HIV; drastically reduces
AIDS mortality.
*
NASA's spacecraft
Mars Pathfinder Pathfinder lands on
Mars and deploys a small roving vehicle,
Sojourner, that analyzes the planet's geology and atmosphere.
* The
Hale-Bopp comet swings past the sun for the first time in 4,200 years.
* Development of
Biodegradation biodegradable products, replacing products made from
Polystyrene styrofoam; advanced methods for
recycling of waste products (such as paper, glass, aluminum) are developed.
*
Genetically modified food Genetically engineered crops are developed for commercial use.
* Discovery of
dark matter,
dark energy, and
brown dwarf brown dwarves, and first confirmation of
black holes.
* The
Galileo probe orbits
Jupiter, studying the planet and its moons extensively.
War, peace, and politics
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*
German reunification Reunification of Germany on
October 3 1990.
* End of
apartheid in
South Africa (
1990) and election of
African National Congress ANC government of
Nelson Mandela.
*
Gulf War (resulting from
Iraq's invasion of
Kuwait) and
United Nations embargo on
Iraq in
1991.
* North Yemen and South Yemen merge to form
Yemen (
1991).
* Break up of the
Soviet Union in
1991 - the end of the
Cold War,
United States as sole world
superpower. The Cold War was officially declared over on
December 31,
1992.
* The bombing of the
World Trade Center in
1993 by an explosive-filled van leads to awareness of international
terrorism as a rising threat.
*
Eritrea gains independence from
Ethiopia (
1993).
*
European Union is declared in
1992 and again in
1999.
*
Israeli Prime Minister Simon Peres and
Palestinian Prime Minister Abbas agree to the
Peace Process at the culmination of the
Oslo Accords, negotiated by the
United States President Bill Clinton on
September 13, 1993.
*Military actions in
Somalia in
1993 lead to questions of the United States' role as a policing officer of the world. (see also,
Black Hawk Down).
*
Rwandan genocide kills one million people, in
1994.
* The birth of the "Second Republic" in
Italy, with the
Mani Pulite investigations of
1994.
* In
1994 a peace treaty is signed between
Israel and
Jordan.
*
Northern Ireland peace process Peace process begins in
Northern Ireland in
1995
*
History of Yugoslavia Balkan war in former
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia in
1995.
* A decade of women presidents in the
Republic of Ireland.
* The
United Kingdom hands sovereignty of
Hong Kong to the
People's Republic of China on
July 1,
1997.
* U.S. Congressman
Newt Gingrich crafts his manifesto "
Contract with America", leading his
Republican Party (United States) Republican Party to become the controlling majority in the
United States House of Representatives U.S. House of Representatives.
* U.S. president
Bill Clinton's sex scandal with
Monica Lewinsky and his
impeachment trial in
1998, which lasts the entire year.
*
Anti-globalization protests.
* The
Tibetan Freedom Concert brings 120,000 people together in the interest of increased human rights and autonomy for
Tibet from
China.
* The
Second Congo War start in
1998 in central
Africa and includes 5 different cultures and 7 different nations. It goes on until
2002.
* In May 1999,
Pakistan sends troops covertly to occupy strategic peaks in
Kashmir. A month later the
Kargil War with
India results in a political fiasco for
Nawaz Sharif, followed by a military withdrawal to the
Line of Control. The incident leads to a military coup in October in which the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif is ousted by Army Chief
Pervez Musharraf.
*
Portugal hands sovereignty of
Macau to the
People's Republic of China on
December 20,
1999.
Economics
*
GATT update and creation of the
World Trade Organization and other global economic institutions.
* The
North American Free Trade Agreement (
NAFTA), which phases out trade barriers between the
United States,
Mexico and
Canada is signed into law by
U.S. President Bill Clinton.
* After
1992 the booming of the US
stock market, in reference to which
Alan Greenspan coined the memorable phrase "
irrational exuberance (finance) irrational exuberance", which eventually stretched into the
dot-com boom / dot-com bubble.
*
Asian financial crisis Financial crisis hits
East Asia East and
Southeast Asia in
1997 and
1998 after a long period of phenomenal economic development. See
East Asian Tigers.
Culture
*Hip-hop culture booms; by the end of the decade hip hop was as popular as
rock and roll.
*Grunge culture sparks as
hair metal dies off in late
1991 and
1992.
*
Alternative rock replaces
Grunge around
1995.
*
Indie/
hipster culture appears during the mid
1990s.
=Trends/Various
=
==United States/Canada
==
* Following on from the openly gay celebrities of the
1980s - like
Boy George, the '90s saw a further increase in gay visibility in the mainstream media and the introduction of "outing" - the regrettable journalistic practise of revealing the sexuality of media celebrities and politicians against their will and using it to persecute them. US TV shows like
Will and Grace,
Friends,
Thirtysomething,
My So-Called Life,
Roseanne and
Ellen (TV show) Ellen featured gay characters in gay situations. Movies like
The Birdcage,
In and Out and
Kiss Me Guido saw mainstream success, and celebrities like
k.d. Lang,
Elton John,
Melissa Etheridge and
George Michael all openly admitted their sexuality. US President
Bill Clinton generally held a pro-gay rights viewpoint.
*
Douglas Coupland publishes the novel ''
Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture'', popularizing the term
Generation X as the name of the generation born in the late 1960s and early 1970s (then college-age).
*The
Grunge trend explodes due to the success of grunge bands such as Nirvana, Pearl Jam and Stone Temple Pilots. It is characterized by wearing flannel shirts, torn jeans, Doc Martins, Converses and having long, straight hair.
*
Reality television explodes on
MTV with the popularity of ''
The Real World'' (1992-); along with ''
Road Rules'' (1995-), ''
Real World/Road Rules Challenge'' (1998), and ''Real World'' reunions, these shows remained popular throughout the 1990s. Reality would become a staple of main networks in the early part of the
2000s decade.
*Blood and gore in television and video games rises dramatically, along with language and sexual content, especially during the latter half of the decade; a Parental Ratings system for televison is introduced in
1997 because of related complaints.
*
Video games become more advanced and popular, although are still vastly inferior technologically to those of the
2000s. Rivals
Nintendo and
Sega dominate the early '90s while the
Sony PlayStation debuts in
1995 and remains popular until the fall of
2000 when the
PS2 debuted.
Simulation and
God games rise in popularity in the late
1990s, with games such as ''
The Sims'', ''
SimCity 2000'', ''
SimCity 3000, and many more.
*
Body art, in the form of
body piercing and
tattoos becomes commonplace for young people. This trend continues into the
2000s.
*
Extreme sports reached a new height in popularity, and by
1995, were given their own annual tournament on US cable network ESPN, the X-Games.
*
Recreational outdoor sports such as
rock climbing,
mountain biking,
sky diving,
snowboarding,
mountain climbing,
bungee jumping,
in-line skating,
kayaking and
Sport rowing rowing become hugely popular.
*
Extended alcohol sales are implemented in the US to reduce alcohol abuse.
* The exploitation of the collectability of
comic books results in a trend of "gimmick" packaging and storylines (most notably The
Death of Superman). The comic book industry collapses as interest in print comics decreases among younger generations and casual readers. Comic books disappear as a familiar sight at the newstands. As comics, including Japanese
manga and other graphic novels become more available in bookstore chains, the role of the comic book store as a source for comics and a social mecca for fans wanes. The domination by industry giants
Marvel Comics and
DC Comics ends as various independents, such as
Image Comics produce popular titles. The era of collecting comics for speculative
investment ends.
Webcomics by amateur
cartoonists become popular.
* Conversion to
Block scheduling became a trendy initiative for United States schools.
* Major 1990s slang words/phrases, mostly related to
hip hop culture, include: "homie", "phat", "da bomb", "tight", "word to your mother", "
Talk to the hand", "You go girl!", "yo", and "Wasssuppp!"
*The
fluffy look on guys come back into fashion by
1999, thanks to the influential boy bands such as
98 Degrees and the
Backstreet Boys.
==Europe
==
*
Dogma 95 becomes the leading European artistic film movement by the end of the decade.
(someone say things about the rest of the world pls)
=Music
=
*
Rock and roll becomes an
alternative taste, although still outsells
Hip hop music hip hop. Popular styles include
grunge and
metal (
Nirvana,
Metallica,
Stone Temple Pilots) during the early and middle part of the decade,
britpop (
Blur,
The Verve) and
third wave ska (
No Doubt,
Reel Big Fish,
Mighty Mighty Bosstones) during the mid-to-late '90s, and
nu metal (
Korn,
Limp Bizkit) toward the end of the decade.
*
Teen pop held over from the late
1980s popular into
1991, returns with
Backstreet Boys and
Spice Girls beginning in
1997 and especially in
1999 and into the early
2000s.
*
Rap music gains widespread mainstream acceptance throughout the decade, starting with the success of
MC Hammer,
Public Enemy and
Vanilla Ice around 1989-91 and ending with
Hip hop music hip hop inspired by
Sean Combs Puff Daddy,
Dr. Dre and
Eminem c. 1997-99.
*
Music festivals such as
Lollapalooza or
Woodstock became popular; a fusing of
genres from
alternative rock,
rap music rap,
punk rock and
Garage rock garage bands.
*Music resumes its political content after the hiatus of the 1980s. Starting in
1996, the
Tibetan Freedom Concert draws up to 120,000 people per year to a rock festival for the benefit of the cause of the
International Tibet Independence Movement.
*
Trance music Trance,
techno music techno and
electronica music becomes widely popular at
Rave party rave parties in Europe/USA and in pop culture, particularly later in the decade. The drug
Ecstasy (drug) Ecstasy, (aka MDMA or 'X') is popularized by
rave culture.
*
1980s backlash, beginning in about
1992 and lasting into the
2000s. During most of the 1990s anything "Eighties" was considered to be ultimately uncool. As a result, people start wearing straighter hair, darker clothes and acoustic music becomes popular in opposition to the bright synthpop of the '80s.
*Music becomes more profane, by end of decade a
Parental Advisory sticker becomes acceptable rather than controversial.
*In America,
country music becomes more
mainstream with popular chart topping artist such as
Garth Brooks,
Shania Twain,
LeAnn Rimes,
Billy Ray Cyrus,
Faith Hill, and
Tim McGraw. The genre will also build up a more extensive audience world-wide, which see's the first English 24 hour terrestrial country station open in
1994.
*Blink 182's musical careers start.
=Television
=
*
Seinfeld becomes the most popular show on television in the United States and lasts from
1989 to
1998.
*
Pro Wrestling became popular throughout the '90s. In the late '90s, the
Monday Night Wars was the biggest impact for professional wrestling with WWF (present day
WWE) (Attitude era),
WCW(
1986-
2001), and
ECW(
1992-
2000). By the early '00s WWF remained victorious over both WCW and ECW. In 2002, was the birth of
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, which perfected the old traditions of WCW and ECW.
*
Anime becomes popular in the United States in the late 1990s with shows like
Sailor Moon,
Pokémon,
Dragonball Z, and
Cowboy Bebop.
* US Saturday morning children's television programming reaches its peak popularity in the early to mid '90s with everything from
Animaniacs,
Garfield and Friends and
Tiny Toons, to television adaptations of popular video game characters
Super Mario and
Sonic the Hedgehog. This period is considered by some to be a "renaissance" in American animation.
*
Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers gains popularity with kids in the mid 90s, leading to the entire
Power Rangers series.
Barney & Friends and
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles also become popular.
*
MTV moves away from music videos and into original television shows such as
The Real World, which is often cited as the main inspiration for the
Reality TV boom of the
2000s.
*
Cartoons aimed at an adult audience become popular. Among the most successful are ''
The Simpsons'' (1989-), ''
Ren & Stimpy'' (
1991-
1995), ''
Beavis and Butt-head'' (
1993-
1997), ''
South Park'' (1997-), ''
King of the Hill'' (
1997-
2006), and ''
Family Guy'' (
1999-
2002,
2005).
* US
Television networks increase
television program programs aimed at
twenty something twenty- and
thirty something thirty-somethings. Some of the most popular are ''
Beverly Hills 90210'' (
1990-
2000), ''
Melrose Place'' (
1992-
1999), ''
Party of Five'' (
1994-
2000), ''
Ally McBeal'' (
1997-
2002), ''
Friends'' (
1994-
2004), and ''
Seinfeld'' (
1989-
1998).
* Notable American television
sitcoms aimed at the teen/preteen market include ''
Boy Meets World'' (
1993-
2000), ''
Full House'' (
1987-
1995), ''
Family Matters (TV series) Family Matters'' (
1989-
1998), and ''
3rd Rock from the Sun'' (
1996-
2001), among many others.
* The sci-fi/fantasy TV genre saw 3 sucessful
"Star Trek"spinoffs:
"The Next Generation" (
1987-
1994),
"Deep Space Nine" (
1993-
1999), and
"Voyager" (
1995-
2001). It also featured other massively popular shows, such as
"The X-Files"(
1993-
2002);
"Sliders";
"Hercules: The Legendary Journeys"(
1993-
1999); and, of course,
"Xena: Warrior Princess"(
1995-
2001), the spinoff of "Hercules", that went on to drastically dwarf its predecessor in popularity, notoriety, controversy, and overall viewership.
*The
Disney Channel changes from classic Disney programming to live action programming starting in the year
1997. See
Zoog Disney. Also, cartoon network starts to show more original programming in a form of a
Cartoon Cartoon and that almost changed the face of Cartoon Network by
1999.
Nickelodeon started to show more underproduced cartoons such as ''
Spongebob Squarepants'' and ''
Catdog'' by
1998 along with pilots of ''
Jimmy Neutron'' and such.
Computer and video games
*
3D computer graphics 3-D graphics become the standard by end of decade
*The
console wars, that begun with
Sega (
Sega Mega Drive/Sega Genesis Mega Drive/Genesis) x
Nintendo (
Super NES, sees the entrance of
Sony (
PlayStation).
*
Mario finds a rival in
Sonic the Hedgehog.
*
Arcade games begin to decrease
*Sony's
Playstation becomes the top selling game console and changes the standard media storage type from
cartridges to compact disks in consoles.
Internet
*Beginnings of
MP3 music downloading; in
1999 and
2000 the
Napster controversy occurred
*Internet begins to affect pop culture, beginning around
1996
*Most television stations gain Internet presence during latter half of decade
*Earliest examples of Internet film
Other significant events
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* Divorce and scandal rocked the
United Kingdom British Royal House of
House of Windsor Windsor.
* The assassination of
Selena Quintanilla.
* Sex and violence in the media increase, especially in the late part of the decade.
Profanity in music reaches peak in the late 90s.
*
O.J. Simpson's trial, described in the media as the "
trial of the century".
* ''You go, girl!'' becomes a popular phrase in the media as feminism is more widely accepted and publicised with The
Spice Girls, the
WNBA,
Women's boxing women's boxing, ''
Sex and the City'' and others showcasing modern femininity.
* The
Vieques, Puerto Rico Vieques Navy-Vieques protests controversy.
* The
Oklahoma City Bombing, the bombing of a federal building in
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, killing 168.
* The
Columbine High School shooting brought new light to security in schools.
* The
Waco massacre prompts a nationwide debate in the U.S. about the
freedom of association right of the
Michigan Militia,
Montana Militia and other radical groups.
*
Crime levels in the U.S. peak in
1991, begin to fall afterwards to the lowest levels since the late
1960s at end of decade.
* Drug use in the U.S. reaches an all-time low in
1992 before increasing, reaching its peak in
1997 before declining again.
*
Diana, Princess of Wales Princess Diana dies in a car accident in
1997. Debates of
accident vs.
assassination rage.
*
Mother Teresa, the
Roman Catholic nun who won the
Nobel Peace Prize, dies at age 87.
* 21-year-old
Golfer Tiger Woods wins the
Masters Tournament by a record 12 strokes; becoming the youngest and first
African-American to win the
Masters Tournament Masters.
* The
Omagh bombing in
Omagh,
County Tyrone,
Ireland which kills 29 civilians (including a woman pregnant with twins) and injures hundreds more.
* School violence is brought into the national spotlight with incidents such as the
Columbine High School Massacre taking place in
Littleton,
Colorado.
*
John F. Kennedy, Jr., his wife
Carolyn Bessette and sister-in-law
Lauren Bessette are killed when Kennedy's private plane crashes off the coast of
Martha's Vineyard.
*
United States American cyclist Lance Armstrong wins his first
Tour de France in
1999, less than two years after battling
testicular cancer.
* Beer
keg registration becomes popular public policy in U.S.
People
World leaders
* Prime Minister
Bob Hawke (
Australia)
* Prime Minister
Paul Keating (
Australia)
* Prime Minister
John Howard (
Australia)
* President
Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello (
Brazil)
* President
Itamar Franco (
Brazil)
* President
Fernando Henrique Cardoso (
Brazil)
* Prime Minister
Brian Mulroney (
Canada)
* Prime Minister
Kim Campbell (
Canada)
* Prime Minister
Jean Chrétien (
Canada)
* "Paramount Leader"
Deng Xiaoping (
People's Republic of China)
* President
Jiang Zemin (
People's Republic of China)
* President
Lee Teng-hui (
Republic of China on Taiwan)
* President
Franjo Tudman (
Croatia)
* Prime Minister
Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (
Denmark)
* President
Hosni Mubarak (
Egypt)
* President
François Mitterrand (
France)
* President
Jacques Chirac (
France)
* Chancellor
Helmut Kohl (
Germany)
* Chancellor
Gerhard Schröder (
Germany)
*Governor
Lord Wilson of Tillyorn David Clive Wilson (
Hong Kong (under British rule))
* Governor
Chris Patten Christopher Francis Patten (
Hong Kong (under British rule))
* Chief Executive
Tung Chee Hwa (
Hong Kong,
People's Republic of China)
* Prime Minister
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (
India)
* President
Mohammad Khatami (
Iran)
* President
Saddam Hussein (
Iraq)
* Prime Minister
Yitzhak Rabin (
Israel)
* Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu (
Israel)
* Emperor
Akihito (
Japan)
* Governor
Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira (
Macau (under Portuguese rule))
* Chief Executive
Edmund Ho (
Macau,
People's Republic of China)
* President
Yasser Arafat (
Palestinian Authority)
* Pope
Pope John Paul II
* President
Corazon Aquino (
Philippines)
* President
Fidel Ramos (
Philippines)
* President
Joseph Estrada (
Philippines)
* Prime Minister
Mike Moore (
New Zealand)
* Prime Minister
Jim Bolger (
New Zealand)
* Prime Minister
Jenny Shipley (
New Zealand)
* Prime Minister
Helen Clark (
New Zealand)
* President
Ion Iliescu (
Romania)
* President
Emil Constantinescu (
Romania)
* President
Boris Yeltsin (
Russia)
* Taoiseach
Charles Haughey (
Republic of Ireland)
* Taoiseach
Albert Reynolds (
Republic of Ireland)
* Taoiseach
John Bruton (
Republic of Ireland)
* Taoiseach
Bertie Ahern (
Republic of Ireland)
* President
Boris Yeltsin (
Russia)
* President
Wee Kim Wee (
Singapore)
* President
Ong Teng Cheong (
Singapore)
* President
Sellapan Ramanathan (
Singapore)
* President
Frederik Willem de Klerk (
South Africa)
* President
Nelson Mandela (
South Africa)
* President
Kim Dae-jung (
South Korea)
* President
Mikhail Gorbachev (
Soviet Union)
* King
Juan Carlos I of Spain Juan Carlos I (
Spain)
* President
Felipe González (
Spain)
* President
José María Aznar (
Spain)
* President
Hafez al-Assad (
Syria)
* President Turgut Ozal (Turkey)
* President Suleyman Demirel (Turkey)
* Prime Minister Mrs. Tansu Ciller (Turkey)
* Queen
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom Elizabeth II (
United Kingdom Commonwealth Realm et al.)
* Prime Minister
John Major (
United Kingdom)
* Prime Minister
Tony Blair (
United Kingdom)
* President
George H.W. Bush (
United States)
* President
Bill Clinton (
United States)
* President
Slobodan Milošević (
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia)
Entertainers
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Millennium'' (1999)
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...Baby One More Time'' (1999)
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Blood Sugar Sex Magik'' (1991)
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Nevermind'' (1991)
*
2Pac
*
Ace of Base
*
Adam Sandler
*
Aaliyah
*
Alice in Chains
*
Alanis Morrissette (''
Jagged Little Pill'')
*
Annie Lennox
*
Anthony Hopkins (''
The Silence of the Lambs'', ''
Titus (film) Titus'')
*
Ashley Judd
*
Backstreet Boys
*
Beavis and Butt-Head
*
Ben Affleck (''
Good Will Hunting'')
*
Bill Hicks
*
Billy Bob Thornton
*
Blind Melon (''
Blind Melon (album) Blind Melon'')
*
Boyz II Men
*
Brad Pitt
*
Bret Hart
*
Britney Spears
*
Dean Cain
*
Mariah Carey
*
Dana Carvey (''
Wayne's World'')
*
David Duchovny (''
The X-Files'')
*
Celine Dion
*
Christina Aguilera
*
Cuba Gooding Jr (''
Boyz N the Hood'', ''
Jerry Maguire'')
*
Amy Grant
*
Dave Matthews Band
*
Demi Moore (''
Ghost (film) Ghost'', ''
Striptease'', ''
A Few Good Men'')
*
Denzel Washington (''
Malcolm X (film) Malcolm X'', ''
Mo' Better Blues'',
Philadelphia (film) ''Philadelphia'')
*
Destiny's Child (''
Destiny's Child'', ''
The Writing's On The Wall'')
*
Duran Duran (''
Liberty'',''
Duran Duran (1993 album) Duran Duran (The Wedding Album)'',''
Thank You'',''
Medazzaland'')
*
Ellen DeGeneres (''
Ellen (TV show) Ellen'')
*
Elizabeth Berkley (''
Saved by the Bell'', ''
Showgirls'')
* '''''
Friends'''''
**
Courteney Cox
**
Jennifer Aniston
**
Lisa Kudrow
**
Matt LeBlanc
**
Matthew Perry (actor) Matthew Perry
**
David Schwimmer
*
The Fugees
*
Gillian Anderson (''
The X-Files'')
*
Green Day (''
Dookie'', ''
Nimrod'')
*
Gwyneth Paltrow (''
Shakespeare in Love'', ''
The Talented Mr. Ripley'', ''
Se7en'')
*
Liam Gallagher of
Oasis (band) Oasis
*
Noel Gallagher of
Oasis (band) Oasis
*
Teri Hatcher
*
Trent Reznor
*
Whitney Houston (''
The Bodyguard'', ''
Waiting to Exhale'')
*
Halle Berry (''
Introducing Dorothy Dandridge'',''
Bullworth'')
*
Hanson
*
Harrison Ford
*
Helen Hunt (''
Mad About You'', ''
Twister (film) Twister'', ''
As Good as It Gets'')
*
Hootie & The Blowfish
*
INXS (''
X'', ''
Welcome to Wherever You Are'')
*
Janet Jackson (''
Janet.'')
*
Jack Nicholson
*
Jerry Seinfeld (''
Seinfeld'')
*
Jerry Springer
*
Jim Carrey (''
Ace Ventura: Pet Detective'', ''
The Mask'')
*
Julia Roberts (''
Pretty Woman'', ''
Notting Hill (film) Notting Hill'')
*
Kate Winslet (''
Titanic (1997 film) Titanic'')
*
Keanu Reeves (''
The Matrix'')
*
Leonardo DiCaprio (''
Titanic (1997 film) Titanic'')
*
Liam Neeson
*
Macaulay Culkin (''
Home Alone'')
*
Madonna (entertainer) Madonna (''
Erotica,
Ray of Light,
Evita'')
*
Mark Calaway The Undertaker
*
Martin Lawrence (''
House Party'', ''
Martin (television) Martin'', ''
Bad Boys (1995 film) Bad Boys'')
*
Mary J Blige (''
What's the 411?'')
*
Matt Damon (''
Good Will Hunting'')
*
Meg Ryan
*
Mel Gibson (''
Braveheart'')
*
Melissa Etheridge (''
Come To My Window''), (''
I'm The Only One''), (''
I Want To Come Over'')
*
Michael Jackson
*
Michael Keaton
*
Michelle Pfeiffer (''
The Age of Innocence'', ''
Batman Returns'')
*
The Mighty Mighty Bosstones (''
Let's Face It'')
*
Mike Myers (actor) Mike Myers (''
Wayne's World'', ''
Saturday Night Live'',
Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery '' Austin Powers'')
*
Mira Sorvino
*
Natalie Portman
*
Nicole Kidman (''
My Life'', ''
Eyes Wide Shut'')
*
No Doubt (''
Tragic Kingdom'')
*
Notorious B.I.G.
*
Nirvana (band) Nirvana (''
Nevermind'')
*
Nine Inch Nails
*
Oasis (band) Oasis
*
Phil Collins
*
Pamela Anderson (''
Baywatch'')
*
Pearl Jam (''
Ten (Pearl Jam album) Ten'')
* "
Image:Princesymbol.png" The artist formerly known as
Prince (artist) Prince
*
Queen Latifah (''
Living Single'', ''
Set It Off'')
*
Quentin Tarantino (''
Pulp Fiction'')
*
Rage Against The Machine
*
Ralph Fiennes (''
Schindler's List'', ''
The English Patient'')
*
Red Hot Chili Peppers (''
Blood Sugar Sex Magik'', ''
One Hot Minute'', ''
Californication (album) Californication'')
*
Reel Big Fish (''
Turn the Radio Off'', ''
Everything Sucks'')
*
Roxette
*
Jeri Ryan (''
Star Trek: Voyager'')
*
Samuel L. Jackson (''
Goodfellas'', ''
Pulp Fiction'')
*
Sandra Bullock (''
Speed (film) Speed'', ''
A Time to Kill (film) A Time to Kill'')
*
Shawn Michaels
*
Slipknot (band) Slipknot
*
Soundgarden
*
Spice Girls
*
Steve Williams Stone Cold Steve Austin
*
Sublime (band) Sublime (''
Sublime (album) Sublime, ''
40 Oz. to Freedom'')
*
Tarkan (Turkish Pop Singer)
*
Tim Burton (''
Edward Scissorhands'', ''
Batman Returns'')
*
Tiffani-Amber Thiessen (''
Saved by the Bell'',''
Beverly Hills 90210 '')
*
TLC (
Lisa "Left-Eye" Lopes,
T-Boz,
Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas)
*
Tom Hanks (''
Forrest Gump'', ''
Saving Private Ryan'',
Philadelphia (film) ''Philadelphia'', ''
Toy Story'', ''
The Green Mile'')
*
Toni Braxton (''
Toni Braxton (album) '')
*
U2 (''
Achtung Baby'')
*
Uma Thurman (''
Pulp Fiction'')
*
Whoopi Goldberg (''
Sister Act'', ''
Ghost (film) Ghost'', ''
Ghosts of Mississippi'', ''
Hollywood Squares'')
*
Will Smith (''
The Fresh Prince of Bel Air'', ''
Men In Black (movie) ''Men In Black'''')
*
Whigfield (''
Whigfield'')
*
Bruce Willis (the ''
Die Hard'' series, ''
Pulp Fiction'')
Films
''See also'':
1990s in film
{| width=100%
| valign=top width=50% |
*''
Aladdin (1992 film) Aladdin'' (1992)
* ''
American Beauty'' (1999)
* ''
Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery'' (1997)
* ''
The Blair Witch Project'' (1999)
* ''
Beautiful Girls'' (1996)
*''
Beauty and the Beast'' (1991)
* ''
Beavis and Butt-Head Do America'' (1996)
* ''
The Bodyguard'' (1992)
*''
Braveheart'' (1995)
* ''
Chasing Amy'' (1997)
* ''
Clueless'' (1995)
* ''
The Crying Game'' (1992)
* ''
A Few Good Men'' (1992)
* ''
Fight Club (film) Fight Club'' (1999)
* ''
Forrest Gump'' (1994)
* ''
Goodfellas'' (1990)
* ''
Good Will Hunting'' (1997)
*''
Home Alone'' (1990)
* ''
Jurassic Park'' (1993)
* ''
I Know What You Did Last Summer'' (1997)
* ''
Independence Day (film) Independence Day'' (1996)
* ''
Kids (film) Kids'' (1995)
* ''
Men in Black (film) Men In Black'' (1997)
| valign=top width=50% |
* ''
Pulp Fiction'' (1994)
* ''
Scream (film) Scream'' (1996)
* ''
Sleepless in Seattle'' (1993)
* ''
Star Trek: First Contact'' (1996)
* ''
Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace'' (1999)
* ''
The Matrix'' (1999)
* ''
The Nightmare Before Christmas'' (1993)
* ''
Terminator 2: Judgment Day'' (1991)
* ''
The Lion King'' (1994)
* ''
The Shawshank Redemption'' (1994)
* ''
The Sixth Sense'' (1999)
* ''
The Silence of the Lambs'' (1991)
* ''
Thelma & Louise'' (1991)
* ''
Titanic (1997 film) Titanic'' (1997)
* ''
Toy Story'' (1995)
* ''
Toy Story 2'' (1999)
* ''
Waiting for Guffman'' (1996)
* ''
Waiting to Exhale'' (1995)
* ''
Wayne's World'' (1992)
* ''
The Usual Suspects'' (1995)
* ''
Unforgiven'' (1992)
|}
Books & Literature
''See also'' :
:Category:1990s books 1990s Books
*
The Bridges of Madison County, by
Robert James Waller
*
Chicken Soup for the Soul, by
Jack Canfield and
Mark Victor Hansen
*
The Client, by
John Grisham
*
Cold Mountain, by
Charles Frazier
*
Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood , by
Rebecca Wells
*
The Firm (book) The Firm, by
John Grisham
*
Greatest Generation The Greatest Generation, by
Tom Brokaw
*
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, by
J. K. Rowling
*
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, by
J. K. Rowling
*
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, by
J. K. Rowling
*
How to Make an American Quilt, by
Whitney Otto
*
It Takes A Village, by
Hillary Clinton
*
Jazz (novel) Jazz, by
Toni Morrison
*
Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus, by
John Gray (U.S. author) John Gray
*
The Perfect Storm, by
Sebastian Junger
*
Rush Limbaugh#References The Way Things Ought to Be, by
Rush Limbaugh
*
The Sum of All Fears, by
Tom Clancy
*
High Fidelity, by
Nick Hornby
Sports figures
''See also'':
:Category:1990s in sports 1990s in sports
; American Football :
:
Troy Aikman
:
Terrell Davis
:
John Elway
:
Brett Favre
:
Jim Kelly
:
Dan Marino
:
Joe Montana
:
Jerry Rice
:
Bruce Smith
:
Emmitt Smith
:
Barry Sanders
:
Deion Sanders
:
Reggie White
:
Steve Young (athlete) Steve Young
; Athletics (Track & Field):
:
Sergey Bubka
:
Linford Christie
:
Haile Gebrselassie
:
Hicham El Guerrouj
:
Michael Johnson (athlete) Michael Johnson
; Australian Rules Football :
:
Tony Lockett
; Baseball :
:
Barry Bonds
:
Roger Clemens
:
Derek Jeter
:
Greg Maddux
:
Mark McGwire
:
Mike Piazza
:
Cal Ripken, Jr
:
Sammy Sosa
:
Ken Griffey Jr. Ken Griffey, Jr.
:
Larry Walker
; Basketball :
:
Charles Barkley
:
