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Alveolar consonant

*** Shopping-Tip: Alveolar consonant
{{Place_of_articulation}} '''Alveolar consonants''' are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth. Alveolar consonants may be articulated with the tip of the tongue (so-called apical consonants), as in English, or with the flat of the tongue just above the tip (the "blade" of the tongue; called laminal consonants), as in French and Spanish. The laminal alveolar articulation is often mistakenly called dental consonant dental, because the tip of the tongue can be seen near to or touching the teeth. However, it is the rearmost point of contact that defines the place of articulation; this is where the oral cavity ends, and it is the resonant space of the oral cavity that gives consonants and vowels their characteristic timbre. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) does not have separate symbols for the alveolar consonants. Rather, the same symbol is used for all coronal consonant coronal places of articulation which aren't palatalization palatalized like English palato-alveolar consonant palato-alveolar ''sh'', or retroflex. To disambiguate, the ''bridge'' {{IPA.html">retracted (phonetics) under-bar {{IPA|([sÌ , tÌ , nÌ , lÌ ]}} ''etc'') may be used for the postalveolars. Note that {{IPA|[sÌª]}} differs from dental {{IPA|[Î¸]}} in being a sibilant, while {{IPA|[sÌ ]}} differs from postalveolar {{IPA|[Êƒ]}} in being unpalatalized. The bare letters {{IPA|[s, t, n, l]}} ''etc'' cannot be assumed to specifically represent alveolars. The language may not make such distinctions, such that two or more coronal place of articulation places are found allophone allophonically, or the transcription may simply be too broad to distinguish dental from alveolar. If it is necessary to specify a consonant as alveolar, a diacritic from the International Phonetic Alphabet#Extended IPA diacritics Extended IPA may be used: {{IPA|[sÍ‡, tÍ‡, nÍ‡, lÍ‡],}} ''etc''. Nontheless, the symbols themselves are frequently called 'alveolar', and the language examples below are all alveolar sounds. (The Extended IPA diacritic was devised for speech pathology and is frequently used to mean 'alveolarized', as in the labioalveolar sounds {{IPA|[pÍ‡, bÍ‡, mÍ‡, fÍ‡, vÍ‡]}}, where the lower lip contacts the alveolar ridge.) The alveolar/coronal consonants identified by the IPA are: {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="border-collapse:collapse" |- ! rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white"| IPA ! rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white"| Description ! style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white" colspan="4"| Example |- ! style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white"|Language ! style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white"|Orthography ! style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white"|IPA ! style="border:1px solid black; background: gray; color: white"|Meaning |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-n.png | style="border:1px solid black"|alveolar nasal | style="border:1px solid black"|English language English | style="border:1px solid black"|run | style="border:1px solid black"|[{{IPA|ɹʷɐ}}{{IPA|n}}] | style="border:1px solid black"|run |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-t.png | style="border:1px solid black"|voiceless alveolar plosive | style="border:1px solid black"|English language English | style="border:1px solid black"|tap | style="border:1px solid black"|[{{IPA|t}}{{IPA|ʰæp}}] | style="border:1px solid black"|tap |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-d.png | style="border:1px solid black"|voiced alveolar plosive | style="border:1px solid black"|English language English | style="border:1px solid black"|debt | style="border:1px solid black"|[{{IPA|d}}{{IPA|ɛt}}] | style="border:1px solid black"|debt |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-s.png | style="border:1px solid black"|voiceless alveolar fricative | style="border:1px solid black"|English language English | style="border:1px solid black"|suit | style="border:1px solid black"|[sut] | style="border:1px solid black"|suit |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-z.png | style="border:1px solid black"|voiced alveolar fricative | style="border:1px solid black"|English language English | style="border:1px solid black"|zoo | style="border:1px solid black"|[zu] | style="border:1px solid black"|zoo |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-K2.png | style="border:1px solid black"|voiceless alveolar lateral fricative | style="border:1px solid black"|Welsh language Welsh | style="border:1px solid black"|Llwyd | style="border:1px solid black"|[{{IPA|É¬}}{{IPA|ÊŠÉªd}}] | style="border:1px solid black"|the name Lloyd Lloyd or Floyd |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-Kslash.png | style="border:1px solid black"|voiced alveolar lateral fricative | style="border:1px solid black"|Zulu language Zulu | style="border:1px solid black"|dlala | style="border:1px solid black"|[{{IPA|ˈ}}{{IPA|É®}}{{IPA|Ã¡lÃ }}] | style="border:1px solid black"|to play |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-rslash2.png | style="border:1px solid black"|alveolar approximant | style="border:1px solid black"|English language English | style="border:1px solid black"|red | style="border:1px solid black"|[{{IPA|ɹʷ}}{{IPA|ɛd}}] | style="border:1px solid black"|red |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-l.png | style="border:1px solid black"|alveolar lateral approximant | style="border:1px solid black"|English language English | style="border:1px solid black"|loop | style="border:1px solid black"|[lup] | style="border:1px solid black"|loop |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-4.png | style="border:1px solid black"|alveolar flap | style="border:1px solid black"|Spanish language Spanish | style="border:1px solid black"|pero | style="border:1px solid black"|[{{IPA|pe}}{{IPA|ɾ}}{{IPA|o}}] | style="border:1px solid black"|:wiktionary but |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-lslash.png | style="border:1px solid black"|alveolar lateral flap | style="border:1px solid black"|Venda language Venda | style="border:1px solid black"| | style="border:1px solid black"|[{{IPA|vu}}{{IPA|ɺ}}{{IPA|a}}] | style="border:1px solid black"|to open |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-r.png | style="border:1px solid black"|alveolar trill | style="border:1px solid black"|Spanish language Spanish | style="border:1px solid black"|perro | style="border:1px solid black"|[pero] | style="border:1px solid black"|dog |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:IPA alveolar ejective.png | style="border:1px solid black"|alveolar ejective | style="border:1px solid black"|Georgian language Georgian | style="border:1px solid black"|ტიტა | style="border:1px solid black"|[tʼitʼa] | style="border:1px solid black"|tulip |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:IPA alveolar ejective fricative.png | style="border:1px solid black"|alveolar ejective fricative | style="border:1px solid black"| | style="border:1px solid black"| | style="border:1px solid black"| | style="border:1px solid black"| |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-d lessthan.png | style="border:1px solid black"|voiced alveolar implosive | style="border:1px solid black"|Vietnamese language Vietnamese | style="border:1px solid black"|đÃ£ | style="border:1px solid black"|[ɗɐː] | style="border:1px solid black"|Past tense indicator |- style="height:4em" ! style="border:1px solid black"|Image:Xsampa-doublebarslash.png | style="border:1px solid black"|lateral alveolar click | style="border:1px solid black"|Nama language Nama | style="border:1px solid black"|ǁî | style="border:1px solid black"|[kǁĩĩ] | style="border:1px solid black"|discussed |}

See also
* Place of articulation * List of phonetics topics {{Consonants}} Category:Alveolar consonants * ar:Ù„Ø«ÙˆÙŠ de:Alveolar fr:Consonne alvÃ©olaire he:×¢×™×¦×•×¨×™×? ×ž×›×ª×©×™×™×? ja:æ¯èŒŽéŸ³ ko:ì¹˜ì¡°ì?Œ pt:Alveolar sv:Alveolar zh:é½¿é¾ˆéŸ³

*** Shopping-Tip: Alveolar consonant