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Anatolian Languages
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{{Template:Indo-European}}
The '''Anatolian languages''' are a group of extinct languages, either
Indo-European languages Indo-European, which were spoken in
Asia Minor, the best attested of them being the
Hittite language.
List of Anatolian languages:
*
Hittite language Hittite (''nesili''), attested from ca. 1900 BC to 1100 BC, official language of the
Hittite Empire
*
Luwian language Luwian (''luwili''), a close relative of Hittite spoken in adjoinging regions sometimes under Hittite control
**
Cuneiform Luwian, glosses and short passages in Hittite texts
**
Hieroglyphic Luwian on seals and in rock inscriptions
*
Palaic language Palaic, spoken in north-central Anatolia, extinct around the
13th century BC, known only fragmentarily from quoted prayers in Hittite texts
*
Carian language Carian, spoken in
Caria, fragmentarily attested from graffiti by
Carian mercenaries in Egypt from ca. the
7th century BC, extinct ca. in the
3rd century BC.
*
Lycian language Lycian, spoken in
Lycia, and
Lydian language Lydian, spoken in
Lydia,
Iron Age descendants of Hittite or Luwian dialects, both extinct in ca. the
1st century BC, fragmentary.
*
Pisidian language Pisidian and
Sidetic language Sidetic (
Pamphylian), fragmentary.
There were likely other laguages of the family that have left no written records, such as the languages of
Mysia,
Cappadocia and
Paphlagonia. The Anatolian branch is generally considered the earliest to split off the
Proto-Indo-European language, from a stage referred to either as
Indo-Hittite or "Middle PIE". Anatolia was heavily
Hellenized following the conquests of
Alexander the Great, and it is generally thought that by the 1st century BC, the native languages of the area were extinct, making Anatolian the first known branch of Indo-European that has become extinct, the only other known branch that has no living descendants being
Tocharian, which ceased to be spoken around the
8th century.
The "
Aegean languages" have been proposed as being related to the Anatolian branch, but in mainstream linguistics, the evidence in support of such claims is not considered conclusive.
The Hittite
morphology (linguistics) morphology is less complicated than other, older Indo-European languages. Either some Indo-European characteristics disappeared in Hittite or the other languages have innovated. It contains numerous
archaisms of great importance.
See also
*
Indo-Hittite
*
Language families and languages
*
Aegean languages
External links
-
Most Anatolian information
Category:Anatolian languages
Category:Extinct languages
Category:Ancient languages
ca:Llengües anatòliques
cs:Anatolské jazyky
de:Anatolische Sprachen
fr:Langue anatolienne
gl:Linguas anatolias
he:שפות ×?× ×˜×•×œ×™×•×ª
la:Linguae Anatolicae
mk:Ð?натолиÑ?ки јазици
nl:Anatolische talen
nn:Anatoliske språk
pl:Języki anatolijskie
sv:Anatoliska språk
zh:安纳托利亚è¯æ—?
Category:Indo-European languages
de:Kategorie:Anatolische Sprache
ja:Category:アナトリア語派
he:קטגוריה:שפות ×?× ×?טוליות
see
Anatolian languages
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