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Anne Hyde
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Image:Anne Hyde.jpg thumb|250px|Anne Hyde, Duchess of York
'''Lady Anne Hyde''' (
March 1637 –
March 31,
1671), daughter of
Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, became the first wife of James, Duke of York (the future King
James II of England), and the mother of two queens,
Mary II of England and
Anne of Great Britain.
She was born, on either
March 12 or
March 22,
1637, at
Windsor, Berkshire Windsor,
Berkshire, to Frances (daughter of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, Master of Requests) and to Sir
Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon Edward Hyde (later -- from 1661 -- 1st
Earl of Clarendon) of the Hyde of
Norbury, Cheshire Norbury family. In
1659, at
Breda (Netherlands) Breda in the
Netherlands, she allegedly married James, then Duke of York, in a secret ceremony. The royal family at this time remained in exile following the
English Civil War, and Anne's father served as the loyal Royalist chief adviser to the prospective King
Charles II of England, James's elder brother.
The couple went through an official marriage ceremony on
September 3,
1660, in
London, following the
English Restoration Restoration of the
monarchy. Their first child, Charles, was born less than two months later, but died in infancy, as did five further sons and daughters. Only two daughters survived:
Mary II of England Mary (born
30 April 1662) and
Anne of Great Britain Anne (born
6 February 1665). A few weeks after the birth of their youngest child, Anne died of
cancer at
St. James's Palace and was buried in
Westminster Abbey.
Late in her life, the Duchess of York secretly converted to
Roman Catholic Catholicism, much to the horror of her staunchly
Anglicanism Anglican family. After her death her widower also converted to the Roman Catholic faith (''circa'' 1672). At the order of James's older brother King Charles, however, James and Anne's daughters received a
Protestantism Protestant education.
King James suffered deposition in a
Glorious Revolution revolution against his Catholic rule in
1688, and Anne Hyde's daughter Mary and her son-in-law,
William III of England William of Orange, jointly assumed the throne. After James, no British King or Queen has affirmed belief in the Catholic faith.
After Anne Hyde, no other Englishwoman would marry an heir presumptive or heir apparent to the British throne until the marriage of
Diana, Princess of Wales Lady Diana Spencer to
Charles, Prince of Wales in
1981.
Category:1637 births Hyde, Lady Anne
Category:1671 deaths Hyde, Lady Anne
Category:House of Stuart Hyde, Lady Anne
Category:Natives of Berkshire Hyde, Lady Anne
Category:Roman Catholics Hyde, Lady Anne
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