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Arabic Language
*** Shopping-Tip: Arabic Language
{{Infobox Language
|name=Arabic
|nativename=العربية ''{{ArabDIN|al-ʻarabiyyah}}''
|pronunciation=/alˌʕa.raˈbij.ja/
|states=
Algeria,
Bahrain,
Egypt,
Iraq,
Jordan,
Kuwait,
Lebanon,
Libya,
Mauritania,
Morocco,
Oman,
Qatar,
Saudi Arabia,
Somalia,
Sudan,
Syria,
Tunisia,
United Arab Emirates,
Palestine (region) Palestine (West Bank and Gaza),
Western Sahara (
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR),
Yemen by a majority, and in many other countries, such as
Israel, as a minority language.
|region=
Arab world.
|speakers=206 million (
Ethnologue, native speakers of all dialects 1998 est.); 286 million (population of
Arab countries,
CIA World Factbook 2004 est.), excluding Arab minorities in other countries and bilingual speakers
|rank=5 (by first language); slightly before
Portuguese language Portuguese and
Bengali language Bengali
|familycolor=Afro-Asiatic
|fam2=
Semitic languages Semitic
|fam3=
West Semitic languages West Semitic
|fam4=
Central Semitic languages Central Semitic
|script=
Arabic alphabet
|nation=
Algeria,
Bahrain,
Comoros,
Chad,
Djibouti,
Egypt,
Eritrea,
Iraq,
Israel,
Jordan,
Kuwait,
Lebanon,
Libya,
Mauritania,
Morocco,
Oman,
Palestine (region) Palestine,
Qatar,
Western Sahara (
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR),
Saudi Arabia,
Somalia,
Sudan,
Syria,
Tunisia,
United Arab Emirates,
Yemen;
A
national language of:
Mali,
Senegal (
Hassaniya).
International organizations:
United Nations,
Arab League,
Organization of Islamic Conference,
African Union
|agency=
Egypt:
Academy of the Arabic Language
|iso1=ar|iso2=ara
|lc1=ara|ld1=Arabic (generic)
''see
varieties of Arabic for the individual codes''|ll1=none}}
The '''Arabic language''' ({{ArB|اللغة العربية}} {{ArTranslit|al-lughah al-‘Arabīyyah}}), or simply '''Arabic''' ({{ArB|عربي}} {{ArTranslit|‘Arabī}}), is the largest member of the
Semitic branch of the
Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to
Hebrew language Hebrew and
Aramaic language Aramaic. It is spoken throughout the
Arab world and is widely studied and known throughout the
Islamic world. Arabic has been a
literary language since at least the
6th century and is the
liturgical language of
Islam.
Quite a few
English language English words are ultimately derived from Arabic, often through other
European languages, especially
Spanish language Spanish, among them every-day vocabulary like "
sugar" (''sukkar''), "
cotton" (''{{unicode.html">magazine" (''
{{ArabDIN.html" title="Meaning of magazine.html" title="Meaning of makhzen {{ArabDIN">makhzen {{ArabDIN|maḫÄ?zin}}'')._More recognizable are words like "
algebra", "
alcohol" and "zenith" (see
list of English words of Arabic origin).
Literary and Modern Standard Arabic
The term "Arabic" may refer either to
literary Arabic or
Modern Standard Arabic or to the many localized
varieties of Arabic commonly called "colloquial Arabic." Arabs consider literary Arabic as the standard language and tend to view everything else as mere dialects.
Literary Arabic ({{ArB.html">Arabic transliteration
translit: al-lughatu’l-‘arabÄ«yyatu’l-fuṣḥÄ? "the most eloquent Arabic language"), refers both to the language of present-day media across
North Africa and the
Middle East and to the more articulate language of the
Qur'an. (The expression ''media'' here includes most television and radio, and all written matter, including all books, newspapers, magazines, documents of every kind, and reading primers for small children.)
Varieties of Arabic "Colloquial" or "dialectal" Arabic refers to the many national or regional varieties derived from Classical Arabic, spoken daily across
North Africa and the
Middle East, which constitute the everyday spoken language. These sometimes differ enough to be mutually incomprehensible. These dialects are not typically written, although a certain amount of literature (particularly plays and poetry) exists in many of them. They are often used to varying degrees in informal spoken media, such as
soap operas and
talk shows.
Literary Arabic or classical Arabic is the official language of all Arab countries and is the only form of Arabic taught in schools at all stages.
The sociolinguistic situation of Arabic in modern times provides a prime example of the linguistic phenomenon of
diglossia–the normal use of two separate varieties of the same language, usually in different social situations. In the case of Arabic, educated Arabs of any nationality can be assumed to speak both their local dialect and their school-taught literary Arabic (to an equal or lesser degree). This diglossic situation facilitates
code switching in which a speaker switches back and forth unaware between the two varieties of the language, sometimes even within the same sentence. In instances in which Arabs of different nationalities engage in conversation only to find their dialects mutually unintelligible (e.g. a Moroccan speaking with a Lebanese), both should be able to code switch into Literary Arabic for the sake of communication.
Since the written Arabic of today differs from the written Arabic of the
Qur'anic era, it has become customary in western scholarship and among non-Arab scholars of Arabic to refer to the language of the Qur'an as
Classical Arabic and the modern language of the media and of formal speech as
Modern Standard Arabic. Arabs, on the other hand, often use the term ''{{Unicode|fuṣḥÄ?}}'' to refer to both forms, thus placing greater emphasis on the similarities between the two. The difference between Arabic of the Qur'anic era and today's Classical Arabic is only in the degree of eloquence. The vocabulary and syntactic and grammatical rules are the same.
Arabic and Islam
It is sometimes difficult to translate
Islamic concepts, and concepts specific to
Arab culture, without using the original Arabic terminology. The
Qur'an is expressed in Arabic and traditionally
Muslims deem it impossible to translate in a way that would adequately reflect its exact meaning—indeed, until recently, some schools of thought maintained that it should not be translated at all. A
list of Islamic terms in Arabic covers those terms which are too specific to translate in one phrase. While Arabic is strongly associated with
Islam (and is the language of
salah), it is also spoken by
Arab Christians, Oriental {{Unicode.html">Mizrahi Jews
Mizraḥi)}}
Jews, and smaller sects such as Iraqi
Mandaeans. Even so, a majority of the world's
Muslims do not actually speak Arabic, but only know some fixed phrases of the language, such as those used in Islamic prayer. However, to counteract this trend, non-Arabic-speaking Muslims are strongly encouraged to learn the language.
Classification and related languages
Maltese language Maltese, which is spoken on the Mediterranean island of
Malta, is the only surviving European language to derive primarily from Arabic, though it contains a large number of
Italian language Italian and English borrowings.
Dialects
''See
varieties of Arabic for main article''
"Colloquial Arabic" is a collective term for the spoken languages or dialects of people throughout the Arab world, which, as mentioned, differ radically from the
literary language. The main dialectal division is between the
Maghreb dialects and those of the
Middle East, followed by that between sedentary dialects and the much more conservative
Bedouin dialects.
Maltese language Maltese is the only Arabic dialect which is considered as an official language. Speakers of some of these dialects are unable to converse with speakers of another dialect of Arabic; in particular, while Middle Easterners can generally understand one another, they often have trouble understanding Maghrebis (although the converse is not true, due to the popularity of Middle Eastern—especially Egyptian—films and other media).
One factor in the differentiation of the dialects is influence from the languages previously spoken in the areas, which have typically provided a significant number of new words, and have sometimes also influenced pronunciation or word order; however, a much more significant factor for most dialects is, as among
Romance languages, retention (or change of meaning) of different classical forms. Thus Iraqi ''aku'', Levantine ''fÄ«h'', and North African ''kayen'' all mean "there is", and all come from Arabic (''yakÅ«n'', ''fÄ«hi'', ''kÄ?'in'' respectively), but now sound very different.
The major groups are:
*
Egyptian Arabic
*
Maghreb Arabic (
Algerian Arabic,
Moroccan Arabic,
Tunisian Arabic,
Maltese language Maltese and western Libyan)
*
Levantine Arabic (Western Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, and western Jordanian,
Cypriot Maronite Arabic)
*
Iraqi Arabic (and
Khuzestani Arabic) - with significant differences between the more Arabian-like ''gilit''-dialects of the south and the more conservative ''qeltu''-dialects of the northern cities
*
Gulf Arabic (Eastern Syrian, Kuwaiti, Saudi Arabian, Persian Gulf coast from Iraq to Oman including much of Saudi Arabia's
Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia Eastern Province, and minorities on the other side)
Other varieties include:
* {{unicode|
Hassaniya ḤassÄ?nÄ«ya}} (in Mauritania and western Sahara)
*
Andalusi Arabic (extinct, but important role in literary history)
*
Sudanese Arabic (with a dialect continuum into Chad)
*
Baharna Arabic (Bahrain, Saudi Eastern Province, and Oman)
*
Hijazi Arabic (west coast of Saudi Arabia, Northern Saudi Arabia, eastern Jordan, Western Iraq)
*
Najdi Arabic (Najd region of central Saudi Arabia)
*
Yemeni Arabic (Yemen to southern Saudi Arabia)
Sounds
{{IPA notice}}
The phonemes below reflect the pronunciation of Standard Arabic.
Vowels
Arabic has three vowels, with their long forms, plus two diphthongs: ''a'' {{IPA|[ɛ̈]}} (open ''e'' as in English ''bed'', but centralised), ''i'' {{IPA|[ɪ]}}, ''u'' {{IPA|[ÊŠ]}}; ''Ä?'' {{IPA|[æË?]}}, ''Ä«'' {{IPA|[iË?]}}, ''Å«'' {{IPA|[uË?]}}; ''ai'' (''ay'') {{IPA|[ɛ̈ɪ]}}, ''au'' (''aw'') {{IPA|[ɛ̈ʊ]}}.
Allophone Allophonically, after velarized consonants (see following), the vowel ''a'' is pronounced {{IPA|[É‘]}}, ''Ä?'' as {{IPA|[É‘Ë?]}} (thus also after ''r''), ''ai'' as {{IPA|[ɑɪ]}} and ''au'' as {{IPA|[É‘ÊŠ]}}.
Consonants
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ '''Standard Arabic consonant phonemes'''
|-
! rowspan="2" COLSPAN=2 |
! rowspan="2" |
Bilabial
! rowspan="2" |
Interdental Inter-
dental
! colspan="2" |
Dental
! rowspan="2" |
Postalveolar Post-
alveolar
! rowspan="2" |
Palatal
! rowspan="2" |
Velar
! rowspan="2" |
Uvular
! rowspan="2" |
Pharyngeal Pharyn-
geal
! rowspan="2" |
Glottal
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" | plain
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |
pharyngealization emphatic
|-
! style="text-align: left;" ROWSPAN=2 |
Stop
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |
Voiceless consonant voiceless
|
| || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|tË?}} || || || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|q}}
| || {{IPA|Ê”}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |
Voiced consonant voiced
| {{IPA|b}} || || {{IPA|d}} || {{IPA|dË?}} || {{IPA|dÊ’}}¹ || || ||
| ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" ROWSPAN=2 |
Fricative
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |
Voiceless consonant voiceless
| {{IPA|f}}
| {{IPA|θ}} || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|sË?}} || {{IPA|ʃ}} || || {{IPA|x}} || || {{IPA|ħ}} || {{IPA|h}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |
Voiced consonant voiced
| || {{IPA|ð}} || {{IPA|z}} || {{IPA|ðË?}} || || || {{IPA|É£}} ||
| {{IPA|Ê•}} ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" COLSPAN=2 |
Nasal
| {{IPA|m}} || || {{IPA|n}} ||
| || || ||
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
|-
! style="text-align: left;" COLSPAN=2 |
Lateral
| ||
| {{IPA|l}} ² || || || || ||
|-
! style="text-align: left;" COLSPAN=2 |
Trill
|
| || {{IPA|r}} || || || || || ||
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" COLSPAN=2 |
Approximant
| {{IPA|w}} ||
| || || || {{IPA|j}} || ||
| ||
|}
See
Arabic alphabet for explanations on the
International Phonetic Alphabet IPA phonetic symbols found in this chart.
# {{IPA|[dÊ’]}} is pronounced as {{IPA|[É¡]}} by some speakers. This is especially characteristic of the Egyptian and southern Yemeni dialects. In many parts of North Africa and in the Levant, it is pronounced as {{IPA|[Ê’]}}.
# {{IPA|/l/}} is pronounced {{IPA|[lË?]}} only in {{IPA|/Ê”alË?Ë?É‘Ë?h/}}, the name of God, i.e.
Allah, when the word follows ''a'', ''Ä?'', ''u'' or ''Å«'' (after ''i'' or ''Ä«'' it is unvelarised: ''bismi l-lÄ?h'' {{IPA|/bɪsmɪlË?æË?h/}}).
# {{IPA|/Ê•/}} is usually a phonetic
approximant.
# In many varieties, {{IPA|/ħ, ʕ/}} are actually
epiglottal {{IPA|[ʜ, ʢ]}} (despite what is reported in many earlier works).
The consonants traditionally termed "emphatic" {{IPA|/tË?, dË?, sË?, ðË?/}} are either
velarization velarised {{IPA|[tË , dË , sË , Ã°Ë ]}} or
pharyngealization pharyngealised {{IPA|[tË?, dË?, sË?, ðË?]}}. In some transcription systems, emphasis is shown by capitalizing the letter e.g. {{IPA|/dË?/}} is written ‹D›; in others the letter is underlined or has a dot below it e.g. ‹{{unicode|á¸?}}›.
Vowels and consonants can be (phonologically) short or long. Long (geminate) consonants are normally written doubled in Latin transcription (i.e. bb, dd, etc.), reflecting the presence of the Arabic diacritic mark
shaddah, which marks lengthened consonants. Such consonants are held twice as long as short consonants. This consonant lengthening is phonemically contrastive: e.g. ''qabala'' "he received" and ''qabbala'' "he kissed".
Syllable structure
Arabic has two kinds of syllables: open syllables (CV) and (CVV) - and closed syllables (CVC), (CVVC) and (CVCC). Every syllable begins with a consonant - or else a consonant is borrowed from a previous word through elision – especially in the case of the definite article THE, ''al'' (used when starting an utterance) or ''_l'' (when following a word), e.g. ''baytu –l mudiir'' “house (of) the directorâ€?, which becomes ''bay-tul-mu-diir'' when divided syllabically. By itself, definite ''mudiir'' would be pronounced {{IPA|/al mudiË?r/}}.
Stress
Although word stress is not phonemically contrastive in Standard Arabic, it does bear a strong relationship to vowel length and syllable shape, and correct word stress aids intelligibility. In general, "heavy" syllables attract stress (i.e. syllables of longer duration - a closed syllable or a syllable with a long vowel). In a word with a syllable with one long vowel, the long vowel attracts the stress (e.g. ''ki-'taab'' and '' ‘kaa-tib''). In a word with two long vowels, the second long vowel attracts stress (e.g.''ma-kaa-'tiib''). In a word with a "heavy" syllable where two consonants occur together or the same consonant is doubled, the (last) heavy syllable attracts stress (e.g. ''ya-ma-’niyy'', ''ka-'tabt'', ''ka-‘tab-na'', ma-‘jal-lah,'' ‘mad-ra-sah'', ''yur-‘sil-na''). This last rule trumps the first two: ''ja-zaa-{{unicode|ʔ}}i-‘riyy''. Otherwise, word stress typically falls on the first syllable: '' ‘ya-man'', '' ‘ka-ta-bat'', etc. The Cairo (
Egyptian Arabic) dialect, however, has some idiosyncrasies in that a heavy syllable may not carry stress more than two syllables from the end of a word, so that ''mad-‘ra-sah'' carries the stress on the second-to-last syllable, as does ''qaa-‘hi-rah''.
Dialectal variations
In some dialects, there may be more or fewer phonemes than those listed in the chart above. For example, non-Arabic {{IPA|[v]}} is used in the Maghreb dialects as well in the written language mostly for foreign names. Semitic {{IPA|[p]}} became {{IPA|[f]}} extremely early on in Arabic before it was written down; a few modern Arabic dialects, such as Iraqi (influenced by
Persian language Persian) distinguish between {{IPA|[p]}} and {{IPA|[b]}}. Interdental fricatives ({{IPA|[θ]}} and {{IPA|[ð]}}) are rendered as stops {{IPA|[t]}} and {{IPA|[d]}} in some dialects (principally Levantine and Egyptian) and as {{IPA|[s]}} and {{IPA|[z]}} in "learned" words from the Standard language. Early in the expansion of Arabic, the separate emphatic phonemes {{IPA|[dË?]}} and {{IPA|[ðË?]}} coallesced into a single phoneme, becoming one or the other. Predictably, dialects without interdental fricatives use {{IPA|[dË?]}} exclusively, while those with such fricatives use {{IPA|[ðË?]}}. Again, in "learned" words from the Standard language, {{IPA|[ðË?]}} is rendered as {{IPA|[zË?]}} in dialects without interdental fricatives. Another key distinguishing mark of Arabic dialects is how they render Standard {{IPA|[q]}} (a voiceless uvular stop): it retains its original pronunciation in widely scattered regions such as Yemen and Morocco (and among the
Druze), while it is rendered {{IPA|[É¡]}} in Gulf Arabic, Iraqi Arabic, Upper Egypt and less urban parts of the Levant (e.g. Jordan) and as a
glottal stop {{IPA|[ʔ]}} in many prestige dialects, such as those spoken in Cairo, Beirut and Damascus. Thus, Arabs instantly give away their geographical (and class) origin by their pronunciation of a word such as ''qamar'' "moon": {{IPA|[qamar]}}, {{IPA|[ɡamar]}} or {{IPA|[ʔamar]}}.
Grammar
''See
Arabic grammar''
Writing system
''Main article:
Arabic alphabet''
The Arabic alphabet derives from the
Aramaic alphabet Aramaic script (which variety -
Nabataean or
Syriac - is a matter of scholarly dispute), to which it bears a loose resemblance like that of
Coptic alphabet Coptic or
Cyrillic alphabet Cyrillic script to
Greek alphabet Greek script. Traditionally, there were several differences between the Western (Maghrebi) and Eastern version of the alphabet—in particular, the ''fa'' and ''qaf'' had a dot underneath and a single dot above respectively in the
Maghreb, and the order of the letters was slightly different (at least when they were used as numerals). However, the old Maghrebi variant has been abandoned except for calligraphic purposes in the Maghreb itself, and remains in use mainly in the Quranic schools (
zaouias) of West Africa. Arabic, like other
Semitic languages, is written from right to left.
Calligraphy
''See
Arabic calligraphy for a fuller overview.''
After the definitive fixing of the Arabic script around
786, by
Khalil ibn Ahmad al Farahidi, many styles were developed, both for the writing down of the Qur'an and other books, and for inscriptions on monuments as decoration.
Arabic calligraphy has not fallen out of use as in the Western world, and is still considered by Arabs as a major art form; calligraphers are held in great esteem. Being cursive by nature, unlike the
Latin alphabet, Arabic script is used to write down a
ayah verse of the Qur'an, a
Hadith, or simply a
proverb, in a spectacular composition. The composition is often abstract, but sometimes the writing is shaped into an actual form such as that of an animal. Two of the current masters of the genre are
Hassan Massoudy and [http://arabworld.nitle.org/gallery.php?module_id=7 Khaled Al Saa’i].
Transliteration
''See
Arabic transliteration and
Arabic Chat Alphabet for more information.''
There are a number of different standards of
Arabic transliteration: methods of accurately and efficiently representing Arabic with the
Latin alphabet. The more scientific standards allow the reader to recreate the exact word using the
Arabic alphabet. However, these systems are heavily reliant on
diacritical marks such as "Å¡" for the English ''sh'' sound. At first sight, this may be difficult to recognize. Less scientific, systems often use
Digraph (orthography) digraphs (like ''sh'' and ''kh''), which are usually more simple to read, but sacrifice the definiteness of the scientific systems. In some cases, the ''sh'' or ''kh'' sounds can be represented by italicizing or underlining them -- that way, they can be distinguished from separate ''s'' and ''h'' sounds or ''k'' and ''h'' sounds, respectively. (Compare ''gashouse'' to ''gash''.)
During the last few decades and especially since the 1990s, Western-invented text communication technologies have become prevalent in the
Arab world, such as
personal computers, the
World Wide Web,
email,
Bulletin board systems,
IRC,
instant messaging and
mobile phone text messaging. Most of these technologies originally had the ability to communicate using the
Latin alphabet only, and some of them still do not have the
Arabic alphabet as an optional feature. As a result, Arabic speaking users communicated in these technologies by transliterating the Arabic text using the Latin script, sometime known as
IM_Arabic.
To handle those Arabic letters that cannot be accurately represented using the Latin script, numerals and other characters were appropriated. For example, the numeral "3" may be used to represent the Arabic letter "ع", ''ayn''. There is no universal name for this type of transliteration, but some have named it
Arabic Chat Alphabet. Other systems of transliteration exist, such as using dots or capitalization to represent the "emphatic" counterparts of certain consonants. For instance, using capitalization, the letter "د", or ''daal'', may be represented by '''d'''. Its emphatic counterpart, "ض", may be written as '''D'''.
Literature
Kees Versteegh, ''The Arabic Language'', Edinburgh University Press (1997). [http://arabworld.nitle.org/texts.php?module_id=1&reading_id=36] [http://arabworld.nitle.org/texts.php?module_id=1&reading_id=17] [http://arabworld.nitle.org/texts.php?module_id=1&reading_id=35] [http://arabworld.nitle.org/texts.php?module_id=1&reading_id=113]
Mumisa, Michael, ''Introducing Arabic'', Goodword Books (2003).
See also
*
Wikibooks:en:Arabic WikiBook: Learn Arabic
*
Varieties of Arabic
*
Arabist
*
Arabic literature
*
List of English words of Arabic origin
*
List of common phrases in various languages
*
Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
External links
{{InterWiki|code=ar}}
-
Arabic OpenOffice a multiplatform and multilingual office suite.
-
Arabic-Media on-line access to Arabic newspapers, radio, and television
-
Arabic Writing and Reading '''with MP3'''. Arabic Writing and Reading Course Online with MP3 audio.
-
Links to learn Arabic language with online course
-
Arabic language learning course with audio
-
"Antonyms in Arabic are a strange phenomenon" by Tamim al-Barghouti
-
"The Development of Classical Arabic" by Kees Versteegh
-
Wellesley College Professor of Arabic on the forms and dialects of the language
-
Multilingual Computing in Arabic with Windows, major word processors, web browsers, Arabic keyboards, and Arabic transliteration fonts
-
gomideast - Learning to Speak Arabic phrases
-
List of online Arabic-related resources
-
ACON: online Arabic Verb Conjugator
-
Center for Arabic Culture (CAC)
-
Learn Arabic language online with audio pronunciation from [http://St-Takla.org St. Takla Egyptian Church]
-
Arabic-translated program descriptions
Web references and examples:
-
Arabic language pronunciation applet with audio samples
-
Learn Arabic
-
E2 article
-
Sprachprofi
-
Arabic - English Dictionary: from [http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org Webster's Online Dictionary] - the Rosetta Edition.
-
SIL's Ethnologue
-
Dialects of Arabic
-
Muftah-Alhuruf.com: Write and send Arabic emails without having an Arabic keyboard or operating system.
-
Number of Arabic Words According to different dictionaries Over 4 millions words!
Arabic languages samples:
-
Arabic
-
Arabic Chadian Spoken
-
Arabic Judeo Iraqi
-
Arabic North Levantine Spoken
-
Algerian-Arabic Dictionary
Category:Arabic language *
Category:Arab
af:Arabies
ang:Arabisc sprǣc
ar:لغة عربية
ast:Idioma Ã?rabe
bg:Ð?рабÑ?ки език
bs:Arapski jezik
ca:Llengua à rab
cs:Arabština
cy:Arabeg
da:Arabisk
de:Arabische Sprache
et:Araabia keel
el:ΑÏ?αβική γλώσσα
es:Idioma árabe
eo:Araba lingvo
eu:Arabiera
fa:عربی
fr:Arabe
fy:Arabysk
ga:Araibis
gl:Lingua árabe
ko:ì•„ëž?ì–´
haw:ʻŌlelo ʻAlapia
hi:अरबी à¤à¤¾à¤·à¤¾
hr:Arapski jezik
io:Arabiana linguo
id:Bahasa Arab
ia:Lingua arabe
is:ArabÃska
it:Lingua araba
he:ערבית
kn:ಅರಬà³?ಬೀ à²à²¾à²·à³†
ka:�რ�ბული ენ�
kw:Arabek
sw:Kiarabu
la:Lingua Arabica
lv:ArÄ?bu valoda
lt:Arabų kalba
li:Arabisch
hu:Arab nyelv
mk:Ð?рапÑ?ки јазик
ms:Bahasa Arab
nl:Arabisch
nds:Araabsche Spraak
ja:アラビア語
no:Arabisk språk
nn:Arabisk språk
pl:Język arabski
pt:LÃngua árabe
ro:Limba arabă
ru:Ð?рабÑ?кий Ñ?зык
sh:Arapski jezik
simple:Arabic language
sk:ArabÄ?ina
sl:ArabÅ¡Ä?ina
sr:Ð?рапÑ?ки језик
fi:Arabian kieli
sv:Arabiska
tl:Wikang Arabo
tt:Ğäräp tele
th:ภาษาà¸à¸²à¸«à¸£à¸±à¸š
tr:Arapça
uk:Ð?рабÑ?ька мова
zh:阿拉伯è¯
Category:Semitic languages
Category:Classical languages
Category:Languages of Algeria
Category:Languages of Bahrain
Category:Languages of Iraq
Category:Languages of Israel
Category:Languages of Jordan
Category:Languages of Kuwait
Category:Languages of Lebanon
Category:Languages of Libya
Category:Languages of Mauritania
Category:Languages of Morocco
Category:Languages of Oman
Category:Languages of Qatar
Category:Languages of Saudi Arabia
Category:Languages of Somalia
Category:Languages of Sudan
Category:Languages of Syria
Category:Languages of Tunisia
Category:Languages of the United Arab Emirates
Category:Languages of Yemen
Category:Semitic languages
Category:Arabic culture
ar:تصنيÙ?:لغة عربية
fr:Catégorie:Langue arabe
ja:Category:アラビア語
ko:분류:아�어
no:Kategori:Arabisk språk
ru:КатегориÑ?:Ð?рабÑ?кий Ñ?зык
see
Arabic language
*** Shopping-Tip: Arabic Language
