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Arecaceae
*** Shopping-Tip: Arecaceae
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Arecaceae (palm family)
| image = Manila dwarf coconut palm.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Coconut Palm ''Cocos nucifera''
| regnum =
Plantae
| divisio =
Flowering plant Magnoliophyta
| classis =
Liliopsida
| ordo = '''Arecales'''
| familia = '''Arecaceae'''
| familia_authority = Schultz-Schultzenstein
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
''Many; see
list of Arecaceae genera''
}}
'''Arecaceae''' (also known as '''Palmae'''), the Palm Family, is a family of
flowering plants belonging to the
Monocotyledon monocot order, '''Arecales'''. There are 202 currently known genera with around 2,600 species, most of which are restricted to tropical or subtropical climates. Of all the families of plants, the Arecaceae is the most easily recognizable as distinct by most persons. The type member of this family is the
areca palm, the fruit of which is chewed with the
betel leaf and often confused with it. The
Date Palm,
Rattans, and
Coconut also belong to this family.
Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil produced by the
oil palms in the genus ''
Elaeis''. Several species are harvested for
heart of palm. Palm
Sap (plant) sap is sometimes
fermentation fermented to produce
palm wine. The
Palm Sunday festival uses palms, hence the name.
Palms first appear in the fossil record around 70-80 million years ago, during the late
Cretaceous Period.
Economically important genera include:
*''
Areca''
*''
Arenga''
*''
Attalea''
*''
Bactris''
*''
Borassus'' - Palmyra palm
*''
Calamus (palm genus) Calamus'' - Rattan palm
*''
Coconut Cocos'' - Coconut
*''
Carnauba Palm Copernicia'' -
Carnauba wax palm
*''
Oil palm Elaeis'' - Oil palm
*''
Açaà Palm Euterpe'' - Cabbage Heart palm, and Açaà palm
*''
Jessenia''
*''
Jubaea'' - Chilean Wine palm and Coquito palm
*''
Sago Metroxylon'' - Sago palm
*''
Orbignya''
*''
Phoenix (plant) Phoenix'' - Date palm
*''
Raffia palm Raphia'' - Raffia palm
*''
Rhapis''
*''
Roystonea'' - Royal palm
*''
Sabal'' - Palmettos
*''
Salacca'' -
Salak
*''
Trachycarpus''
*''
Veitchia''
*''
Wallichia ''
*''
Washingtonia''
See
list of Arecaceae genera for a complete listing.
Image:Santa_Monica_Palm_Trees.jpg thumb|right|Palm trees line Ocean Avenue in [[Santa Monica, California.]]
Image:Washingtonia filifera in Palm Canyon.jpg thumb|right|''Washingtonia filifera''
Image:Dates on date palm.jpg thumb|right|Fruit of ''Phoenix dactylifera''
Few palms tolerate severe cold, and the majority of the species are tropical or subtropical. The three most cold-tolerant species are ''
Trachycarpus fortunei'', native to eastern
Asia, and ''
Rhapidophyllum hystrix'' and ''
Sabal minor'', both native to the southeastern
United States. For more details, see
hardy palms.
In the United States, different types of palm trees can be seen in tropical and mediterranean climate areas, such as
Florida, (southern)
California and
Hawaii and along the Gulf Coast through southern
Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia,
Mississippi,
Alabama, and
Louisiana to
Texas. The southeastern state of
South Carolina is nicknamed the Palmetto State because of the number of palms that line the state's Atlantic coast. Some palms can be grown as far north as
Maryland,
Arkansas, and even up along the Pacific coast to
Oregon and
Washington. There have even been known species of transplanted palms that have survived as far north as southern
New Jersey [http://www.bg-map.com/palms/woodbury.html]. The desert areas of
Nevada,
Arizona,
Utah and
New Mexico are also home to some native palms.
Southern
Europe has two native palms, ''
Chamaerops humilis'' (widespread, but mainly seen in
Portugal,
Spain,
France,
Italy and
Malta) and ''
Phoenix theophrastii'' (
Crete; also southern
Turkey). Many other palms are widely planted, with the Japanese ''
Trachycarpus wagnerianus'' being grown successfully as far north as
Iceland.
References
*
Carl Heinrich Schultz C. H. Schultz-Schultzenstein (1832). ''Natürliches System des Pflanzenreichs...'', 317. Berlin, Germany.
* N. W. Uhl, J. Dransfield (1987). ''Genera palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore, Jr.'' (Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas).
External links
-
Guide to Palms A collection of palm images, scientific data, and horticultural information hosted by Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami.
-
Kew Botanic Garden's Palm Genera list A list of the currently acknowledged genera by Kew Royal Botanic Gardens in London, England.
-
Taxonomy of the family Arecaceae
-
PACSOA Palm and Cycad Societies of Australia palm species listing with images.
-
Palm & Cycad Societies of Florida, Inc. (PACSOF), which includes [http://www.plantapalm.com/vpe/photos/vpe_photos.htm a page with a large amount of information on palms], their cultivation and uses, including a photo gallery.
{{Commons|Category:Arecaceae}}
Category:Plant families
Category:Palms
Category:Tropical agriculture
{{Link FA|he}}
bo:ཥིང་�་ལ་
cy:Palmwydden
da:Palme-familien
de:Palmengewächse
es:Arecaceae
fr:Arecaceae
he:דקל
it:Arecaceae
nl:Palmenfamilie
ja:ヤシ (�物)
pl:Arekowate
pt:Palmeira
fi:Palmukasvit
th:ปาล์ม
vi:Há»? Cau
zh:槟榔科
*** Shopping-Tip: Arecaceae
