Dictionary of Meaning

<<Back
Please select a letter:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0-9

Augsburg

*** Shopping-Tip: Augsburg
{{Infobox Town DE| name = Augsburg| name_local = | image_coa = Augsburg_wappen.gif| image_map = Augsburg in Germany.png| state = Bavaria | regbzk = Swabia (administrative region) Swabia| district = List of German urban districts urban district| population = 261,208| population_as_of = 2005| pop_dens = 1,780| area = 146.78| elevation = 489| lat_deg = 48| lat_min = 22| lat_hem = N| lon_deg = 10| lon_min = 53| lon_hem = E| postal_code = 86000-86199 | area_code = 0821| licence = A| mayor = Paul Wengert (SPD)| website = [http://www.augsburg.de/ augsburg.de]| }} '''Augsburg''' is a city in south-central Germany. It is the capital of the Swabia (administrative region) Swabia Regierungsbezirk administrative region of Bavaria, and is located at the confluence of the [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wertach_(Fluss) Wertach] and Lech rivers. The population was 276,193 in 2004.

Districts
There are 17 districts ''Stadtteile'' in Augsburg: *Innenstadt (''inner city'') *Antonsviertel *Bärenkeller *Bergheim (includes Neubergheim, Wellenburg, Radegundis and Fuchssiedlung) *Firnhaberau *Göggingen mit Schafweidsiedlung *Hammerschmiede *Haunstetten-Siebenbrunn (Meringerau) *Herrenbach-Spickel *Hochfeld *Hochzoll *Inningen *Kriegshaber *Lechhausen *Oberhausen *Pfersee *Universitätsviertel (''University district'')

History
{{main|History of Augsburg}} The city was founded in 15 BC in the reign of Roman Empire Roman emperor Augustus as a garrison called ''Augusta Vindelicorum''. It was laid waste by the Huns in the fifth century, by Charlemagne in the eighth, and by Welf of Bavaria in the eleventh; it rose each time only to greater prosperity. It became an Imperial Free City on March 9, 1276. Given its strategic location on the trade routes to Italy, it became a major trading centre. It produced large quantities of woven goods, cloth and textiles, and was the base for the Fugger banking empire. The Fuggerei, part of the city devoted to housing for the needy citizens of Augsburg, was founded in 1516 and is still in use today. In 1530 the Augsburg Confession was presented to the Holy Roman Emperor at the Diet of Augsburg. Following the Peace of Augsburg in 1555, after which the rights of religious minorities in imperial cities were to be protected, a mixed Catholic-Protestant city council presided over a majority Protestant population. Until the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), religious peace in the city was largely maintained despite increasing confessional tensions. In 1629 Emperor Ferdinand II issued the Edict of Restitution resulting in the installation of an entirely Catholic city government that radically curtailed the rights of local Protestants. This persisted until April 1632, when the Swedish army of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden Gustavus Adolphus took the city without resistance. Just over two years later, the Swedish army was routed at nearby Nördlingen, and by October 1634 Catholic troops had surrounded Augsburg. The Swedish garrison refused to surrender and a disastrous siege ensued through the winter of 1634–5, during which thousands died of hunger and disease. These difficulties, together with the discovery of United States America, and of the road to India by the Cape of Good Hope Cape, conspired to destroy the town's prosperity. In 1806, when the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved, Augsburg lost its independence and became part of the kingdom of Bavaria. It increased considerably in industrial importance in the nineteenth century. It contained large cotton and woolen mills, machine shops, and manufacturers of acetylene gas, paper, chemicals, jewelry, and leather. Also it gave birth to the Maschinenfabrik Augsburg (Later to merge with Maschinenfabrik Nurnberg and become Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nurnberg or MAN AG) - a machine factory where Rudolf Diesel pioneered commercial production of his Diesel engine. In 1941 Rudolf Hess took off from a local airport and flew to Scotland to meet the Duke of Hamilton and attempt to mediate the end of the European front of World War II World War 2 and join sides for the upcoming Russian Campaign. In 1945 elements of the US Army captured the heavily damaged city. An American Military presence in the city started with the 11th Airborne division, moving to the 24th Infantry Division, US Army Seventh Corps Artillery, and, ending with the 66th Military Intelligence Brigade, which left the area in 1998.

Incorporations
{| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#efefef;" ! Year!! Municipality !! Area |----- | July 1, 1910 || Meringerau || align="right" | 9.5 km² |----- | January 1, 1911 || Pfersee || align="right" | 3.5 km² |----- | January 1, 1911 || Augsburg-Oberhausen Oberhausen || align="right" | 8.6 km² |----- | January 1, 1913 || Lechhausen || align="right" | 27.9 km² |----- | January 1, 1913 || Hochzoll || align="right" | 4.4 km² |----- | April 1, 1916 || Kriegshaber || align="right" | 59,000 m² |----- | July 1, 1972 || Göggingen || align="right" | |----- | July 1, 1972 || Haunstetten || align="right" | |----- | July 1, 1972 || Inningen || align="right" | |}

Historical population development:
{| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#efefef;" ! Year ! Population |----- | 1635 || align="right" | 16,432 |----- | 1645 || align="right" | 19,960 |----- | 1806 || align="right" | 26,200 |----- | 1830 || align="right" | 29,019 |----- | December 1, 1871 ¹ || align="right" | 51,220 |----- | December 1, 1890 ¹ || align="right" | 75,629 |----- | December 1, 1900 ¹ || align="right" | 89,109 |----- | December 1, 1910 ¹ || align="right" | 102,487 |----- | June 16, 1925 ¹ || align="right" | 165,522 |----- | June 16, 1933 ¹ || align="right" | 176,575 |----- | May 1939 May 17, 1939 ¹ || align="right" | 185,369 |----- | September 1950 September 13, 1950 ¹ || align="right" | 185,183 |----- | June 1961 June 6, 1961 ¹ || align="right" | 208,659 |----- | May 1970 May 27, 1970 ¹ || align="right" | 211,566 |----- | June 1975 June 30, 1975 || align="right" | 252,000 |----- | June 1980 June 30, 1980 || align="right" | 246,600 |----- | June 1985 June 30, 1985 || align="right" | 244,200 |----- | May 1987 May 27, 1987 ¹ || align="right" | 242,819 |----- | June 1997 June 30, 1997 || align="right" | 257,300 |----- | December 2002 December 31, 2002 || align="right" | 259,231 |} ¹ Census result

Partner Cities
*Inverness, Scotland, since 1956 *Amagasaki, Japan, since 1959 *Nagahama, Japan, since 1959 *Bourges, France, since 1963 *Dayton, Ohio, since 1964 *Liberec, Czech Republic, since 2001 *Jinan, China, since 2004 Information on the partner cities can also be found at [http://www2.augsburg.de/index.php?id=21 www.augsburg.de]

Sights
*Town hall, built in 1620 in Renaissance style *Perlachturm, a bell tower built in 1182 *Fuggerei, see above *Bishop's Residence, built about 1750 in order to replace the older bishop palace; today the administrative seat of Swabia *Cathedral, founded in the 9th century *Augsburger Puppenkiste *Eiskanal *Dorint Hotel Tower *Der Goldene Saal Image:Goldene_Saal.jpg frame|Der Goldene Saal 2005 *Sts. Ulrich & Afra (One is Roman Catholic, the other Lutheran--the duality is a result of the Peace of Augsburg concluded in 1555 between Catholics and Protestants) *Mozarthaus (The composer's father/teacher were born there and Mozart visited on several occasions)

Education
Augsburg is home to the following universities and colleges: *University of Augsburg, founded in 1970 [http://www.uni-augsburg.de] *Fachhochschule Augsburg

Notable citizens
*Paulus Hector Mair, 16th century martial artist. *Jakob Fugger Noted banker and financial broker (1459-1525). Area within the city, called the Fuggerei was set aside for the poor and needy. Founded in 1519. *Hans Holbein the Elder (ca. 1465 - 1524), a pioneer in the transformation of German art from the gothic_art Gothic to the Renaissance style. *Leopold Mozart, father of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart *Bertolt Brecht, famous German writer.

Miscellaneous
The patron saint of Augsburg is Saint Afra, who was killed by the Romans at Augsburg in 304. An earlier patroness was ''Zisa'', referenced in the 11th century, feast day September 28th), possibly an early Germanic goddess and originally the consort of Tiwaz. The Wild water White Water Canoeing events for the 1972 Summer Olympics were held on the Lech in Augsburg. The facilites are still open to the public. The ''burg'' ("castle" in German language German) part of the city's name is cognate to the English language English word ''borough''.

See also
*League of Augsburg *Augsburg College A private Lutheran College in the United States that takes its name from the City of Augsburg. *List of mayors of Augsburg *Rudolf Diesel, inventor of the Diesel engine, who also used biodiesel
- Augsburg Academy A private Lutheran elementary school in Beltsville, Maryland, that takes its name from the City of Augsburg.

References
* ''Die Chroniken der schwäbischen Städte, Augsburg'', (Leipzig, 1865-96) *Werner, ''Geschichte der Stadt Augsburg'', (Augsburg, 1900) * Lewis, "The Roman Antiquities of Augsburg and Ratisbon," in volume xlviii, ''Archæological Journal'', (London, 1891)

External links
{{commons|Augsburg}}
- Stadt Augsburg Official site (English version)
- Augsburg Region Tourism *Sites in German: *
- Augsburg City Plan *
- District of Augsburg {{Germany_districts_bavaria}} Category:Augsburg Category:Roman legions camps Category:Cities in Bavaria als:Augsburg ar:آوغسبورغ ca:Augusta Vindelicorum de:Augsburg es:Augsburgo eo:Augsburg fr:Augsbourg gl:Augsburgo it:Augusta (Germania) la:Augusta Vindelicorum lt:Augsburgas nl:Augsburg (stad) ja:アウクスブルク no:Augsburg pl:Augsburg pt:Augsburgo ro:Augsburg sk:Augsburg fi:Augsburg sv:Augsburg zh:奥格斯堡 Category:Cities in Bavaria Category:Bavaria de:Kategorie:Augsburg

*** Shopping-Tip: Augsburg