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Baltic Sea
*** Shopping-Tip: Baltic Sea
:''For disambiguation, see
Baltic.''
The '''Baltic Sea''' is located in
Northern Europe, from 53 deg. to 66 deg. north
latitude and from 20 deg. to 26 deg. east
longitude. It is bounded by the
Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainlands of
Northern Europe,
Eastern Europe,
Central Europe, and the
Denmark Danish islands. It drains into the
Kattegat by way of the
Öresund, the
Great Belt and the
Little Belt.
Image:Phytoplankton bloom in the Baltic Sea (July 3, 2001).jpg thumb|right|350px|Phytoplancton bloom in the southern half of the Baltic Sea (July 3, 2001) Kattegat then continues in the
Skagerrak into the
North Sea and the
Atlantic Ocean. The Baltic Sea is linked to the
White Sea by the
White Sea Canal and directly to the North Sea by the
Kiel Canal.
Name
The first to name it the ''Baltic Sea'' was
Adam of Bremen and he seems to have based it on a large island,
Baltia, mentioned by
Xenophon and located in northern Europe.
Etymology
It is possibly connected to the Germanic ''belt'', a name used for some of the Danish straits, while others claim it to be derived from
Latin ''balteus'' (belt).
[{{sv_icon}} [http://www.lysator.liu.se/runeberg/nfbb/0435.html] (in Swedish language Swedish).] From this use, ''Baltic'' has been applied to the
Baltic countries. Another proposed derivation from the
Proto-Indo-European_language Indo-European root [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=/data/ie/piet&text_number=+129&root=config *''bhel''] meaning ''white, shining'' (note that 'baltas' means 'white' in today's
Lithuanian language, for example) seems speculative, however.
The name in other languages
The Baltic Sea is known by the equivalents of "East Sea", "West Sea", or "Baltic Sea" in different languages:
*In the ''
Germanic languages'' except English '''''East Sea''''' is used:
Danish language Danish (''Østersøen''),
Dutch language Dutch (''Oostzee''),
German language German (''Ostsee''),
Norwegian language Norwegian (''Østersjøen''), and
Swedish language Swedish (''Östersjön''); in addition,
Finnish language Finnish, a ''
Balto-Finnic languages Balto-Finnic language'' has
calqued the Swedish term as ''Itämeri'', disregarding the geography; the sea is west of Finland.
*In another ''
Balto-Finnic languages Balto-Finnic language'',
Estonian language Estonian, it is called the '''''West Sea''''' (''Läänemeri'').
*'''''Baltic Sea''''' is used in ''
English language English''; in ''
Latin'' (''Mare Balticum'') and the ''
Romance languages''
French language French (''Mer Baltique''),
Italian language Italian (''Mar Baltico''),
Maltese language Maltese (''Baħar Baltiku''),
Romanian language Romanian (''Marea Baltică'') and
Spanish language Spanish (''Mar Báltico''); in the ''
Slavic languages''
Polish language Polish (''Morze Bałtyckie'' or ''Bałtyk''),
Bulgarian language Bulgarian (''Baltijsko More'' (''БалтийÑ?ко море'')),
Kashubian language Kashubian (''Bôłt''), and
Russian (language) Russian (''Baltiyskoye Morye'' (''БалтийÑ?кое море'')); and in the ''
Baltic languages''
Latvian language Latvian (''Baltijas jūra'') and
Lithuanian language Lithuanian (''Baltijos jūra'').
Geophysical data
The Baltic Sea is a
brackish inland sea, the largest body of brackish water in the world. The fact that it does not come from the collision of plates, but is a glacially scoured river valley, accounts for its relative shallowness.
Dimensions
The Baltic sea is about 1610
kilometre km (1000
mile mi) long, an average of 193 km (120 mi) wide, and an average of 55 m (180 ft, 30
fathoms) deep. The maximum depth is 459 m (1506 ft, 251 fathoms), on the Swedish side of the center. The surface area is about 377,000 sq km (145,522 sq mi) and the volume is about 21,000 cubic km (3129 cubic mi). The periphery amounts to about 8000 km (4968 mi) of coastline. [http://www.envir.ee/baltics/geograph.htm]
These figures are somewhat variable because a number of different estimates have been made.
Icing in winter
On average, the Baltic Sea is iced in winter for roughly half of its surface area. The ice-covered area includes
Gulf of Bothnia,
Gulf of Finland,
Gulf of Riga and Vainameri in Estonian archipelago. The Baltic proper, or Central Baltic Sea, does not normally freeze at all with the exception of sheltered bays and shallow lagoons (such as the
Courland Lagoon). The ice reaches a maximum extent in February or March; a typical ice thickness is ~65 cm.(Alhonen 88)
Ice Icing begins in the northern coast of
Gulf of Bothnia typically in early November, reaching the open waters of
Bothnian Bay, the northern basin of Gulf of Bothnia, in early January.
Bothnian Sea, the basin south of it, is frozen on average in late February.
Gulf of Finland and
Gulf of Riga freeze typically in late January. Ice may persist in some regions as late as June.(Alhonen 89)
The degree of icing depends on whether the winter is mild, moderate or severe. Severe winters ice even the regions around
Denmark and southern
Sweden, and on rare cases the whole sea is frozen, such as in 1942. More recently in 1987, some 96 % of Baltic Sea was iced, leaving only a small patch of open water to the west of
Bornholm. Contrary to this, in milder winters it may happen that
Bothnian Bay is the only larger area iced, in addition to coastal fringes in more southerly locations. From late 1980's onwards this has actually been quite usual, happening on average every fifth winter or so.
In spring, Gulf of Finland and Bothnian Sea thaw normally during late April, with some ice ridges persisting until May in eastern Gulf of Finland. In Bothnian Bay ice usually stays until late May; by early June it is practically always gone.
During winter fast ice, attached to the shoreline, develops first, rendering the ports unusable without the services of
icebreakers. Level ice, ice sludge, pancake ice or rafter ice form in the more open regions. The gleaming expanse of ice is similar to the
arctic, with wind-driven pack ice and ridges up to 15 m, and was noted by the ancients. During average winters, by February, the ice pack becomes fairly compact and stable in
Bothnian Bay,
Gulf of Finland and
Gulf of Riga. However, on the larger expanse of
Bothnian Sea there rarily exists very long periods of total icing; winds and periods of milder weather frequently crush the ice along coastlines or even melt it. In milder winters this is also true in the other regions.
Hydrography
The Baltic Sea is effluent through the
Danish straits; however, the flow is complex. A surface layer of brackish water discharges 940 cubic km per year into the
North Sea. Due to the difference in
salinity, a sub-surface layer of more saline water moving in the opposite direction brings in 475 cubic km per year. It mixes very slowly with the upper waters, resulting in a salinity gradient from top to bottom, with most of the salt water remaining below 40 to 70 m of depth. The general circulation is counterclockwise: northwards along its eastern boundary, and south along the western one.(Alhonen 88)
The difference between the outflow and the inflow comes entirely from fresh water. More than 250 streams drain a basin of about 1.6 million square km, contributing a volume of 660 cubic km per year to the Baltic. They include the major rivers of north Europe, such as the
Oder, the
Vistula, the
Neman, the
Daugava and the
Neva. Some of this water is polluted. Additional fresh water comes from the difference of
precipitation less evaporation, which is positive.
Despite the influx of salt water in the lower levels, the Baltic is still more of a lake or river than a sea. Tides are negligible. Wave height in calm weather varies between 2 and 3 m. Violent and sudden storms often sweep the surface, due to large transient temperature differences and a long reach of wind. Seasonal winds also cause small changes in sea level, on the order of 0.5 m.(Alhonen 88)
Salinity
The Baltic Sea's
salinity is much lower than the ocean's, as a result of abundant freshwater runoff from the surrounding land; indeed, runoff contributes roughly 1/40th its total volume.(Alhonen 88) It varies from 0.1 percent in the north to 0.6-0.8 percent in the center. Below 40-70 m, it can be as much as 1.5-2.0 percent. A lateral salinity gradient also exists from most saline in the northern
Kattegat to least saline in the Northern
Gulf of Bothnia.
The most saline water remains on the bottom, creating a barrier to the exchange of
Oxygen and nutrients, fostering totally different maritime environments.
Regional emergence
The land is still emerging from its subsident state, which was caused by the weight of the last glaciation. Consequently, the surface area and the depth of the sea are diminishing. The uplift is about eight millimetres per year on the Finnish coast of the northernmost Gulf of Bothnia .
Geographic data
Subdivisions
The northern part of the Baltic Sea is known as the
Gulf of Bothnia out of which the northernmost part is referred to as the
Bay of Bothnia or
Bothnian Bay. The more roundish southern basin of the gulf is called
Bothnian Sea and immediately to the south of it lies the
Sea of Ã…land. The
Gulf of Finland connects the Baltic Sea with
Saint Petersburg St. Petersburg. The
Gulf of Riga lies between the
Latvian capital city of
Riga and the
Estonian island of
Saaremaa.
The
Northern Baltic Northern Baltic Sea lies between the
Stockholm area, southwestern Finland, and Estonia. The Western and Eastern Gotland Basins form the major parts of the
Central Baltic Sea or Baltic proper.
Bornholm Basin is the area east of
Bornholm and
Arkona Basin extends from Bornholm to the Danish isles of
Falster and
Zealand.
In south,
Bay of Gdańsk lies east of the
Hel peninsula on the Polish coast and west of
Sambia in
Kaliningrad Oblast.
Bay of Pomerania lies north of the islands of
Usedom and
Wolin, east of
Rügen. Between Falster and the German coast lie the
Bay of Mecklenburg and
Bay of Lübeck. The westernmost part of the Baltic Sea is the
Bay of Kiel. The three
Danish straits, the
Great Belt, the
Little Belt and
Öresund The Sound ''(Öresund)'' connect the Baltic Sea with the
Kattegat bay and
Skagerrak strait in the
North Sea. The confluence of these two seas at
Skagen on the northern tip of
Denmark is a visual spectacle visited by many tourists each year.
Land use
Image:2_SPN_01.jpg dunes.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|left|290px|Polish coast [[dunes..html" title="Meaning of left|290px|Polish coast [[dunes">thumb|left|290px|Polish coast [[dunes.">left|290px|Polish coast [[dunes">thumb|left|290px|Polish coast [[dunes.
The Baltic sea drainage basin is roughly four times the surface area of the sea itself. About 48% of the region is forested, with Sweden and Finland containing the majority of the forest, especially around the Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland.
About 20% of the land is used for agriculture and pasture, mainly in Poland and around the edge of the Baltic sea proper, in Germany, Denmark and Sweden. About 17% of the basin is unused open land with another 8% of wetlands. Most of the latter are in the Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland.
The rest of the land is heavily populated.
Demographics
About 85 million people live in the Baltic drainage basin, 15 within 10 km of the coast and 29 within 50 km of the coast. Around 22 million live in cities, defined as centers of over 250,000. 90% of these are concentrated in the 10 km band around the coast. Of the nations containing all or part of the basin, Poland includes 45% of the 85 million, Russia 12%, Sweden 10% and the others (see below) less than 6% each.
Geologic history
The Baltic Sea somewhat resembles a
riverbed, with two tributaries (the
Gulf of Finland and
Gulf of Bothnia). From
Geology geological surveys it has become apparent that there was a river in the area prior to the
Pleistocene: the
Eridanus (geology) Eridanos. Multiple glaciations in the Pleistocene scooped out the river bed into the sea basin. By the time of the last, or
Eemian interglacial (
Marine isotopic stage MIS 5e), the Eemian sea was in place.
From that time the waters underwent a geologic history summarized under the names listed below. Many of the stages are named after certain marine animals (e. g., the
Littorina mollusk) that are clear markers of changing water temperatures and salinity.
The factors that determined the sea’s characteristics were the submergence or emergence of the region due to the weight of ice and subsequent isostatic readjustment, and the connecting channels it could find to the
North Sea-
Atlantic Ocean Atlantic either through the straits of
Denmark or at what are now the large lakes of
Sweden, and the
White Sea-
Arctic Sea.
*
Eemian sea, 130,000-115,000 BP
*
Baltic ice lake, 12,600-10,300 BP
*
Yoldia sea, 10,300-9500 BP
*
Ancylus lake, 9500-8000 BP
*
Mastogloia sea 8000 BP-7500 BP
*
Littorina Sea Littorina sea, 7500-4000 BP
*
Post-littorina sea 4000 BP-current
Prehistory
History
At the time of the
Roman Empire, the Baltic Sea was known as the ''Mare Suebicum'' or ''Mare Sarmaticum''.
Gaius Cornelius Tacitus Tacitus in his AD
98 ''Agricola'' and ''Germania'' described the Mare Suebicum, named for the
Suebi tribe, during the spring months, as a
Brackish water brackish sea when the ice on the Baltic Sea broke apart and chunks floated about. The
Sarmatian tribes inhabited Eastern Europe and southern Russia.
Jordanes called it the ''Germanic Sea'' in his work the
Getica.
Since the
Viking age, the Scandinavians have called it "the Eastern Lake" (''Austmarr'', "Eastern Sea", appears in the
Heimskringla and ''Eystra salt'' appears in
Sörla þáttr), but
Saxo Grammaticus recorded in
Gesta Danorum an older name ''
Gandvik'', ''"-vik"'' being
Old Norse for "bay", which implies that the Vikings correctly regarded it as an inlet of the sea. (Another form of the name, "Grandvik", attested in at least one English translation of Gesta Danorum, is likely to be a misspelling.)
In addition to
fish the sea also provides
amber, especially from its southern shores. The bordering countries have traditionally provided
lumber,
Tar wood tar,
flax,
hemp, and
furs. Sweden had from early medieval times also a flourishing
mining industry, especially on
iron ore and
silver.
Poland had and still has extensive
salt mines. All this has provided for rich trading since the Roman times.
In the early Middle Ages,
Vikings of Scandinavia fought for power over the sea with
Slavic peoples Slavic Pomeranians. The Vikings used the rivers of Russia for trade routes, finding their way eventually all the way to
Black Sea and southern Russia.
Lands next to the sea's eastern shore were among the last in Europe to be converted into
Christianity in the
Northern Crusades:
Finland in the 12th century by the Swedes, and what are now
Estonia and
Latvia in the early 13th century by the Danes and the Germans (
Livonian Brothers of the Sword). The powerful German
Teutonic Knights gained control over most of the southern and eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, while fighting the
Poles, the
Danes, the
Swedes, the
Russians of ancient
Novgorod Republic Novgorod, and the
Lithuanians (latest of all Europeans to convert to Christianity).
Later on, the strongest economic force in Northern Europe became the
Hanseatic league, which used the Baltic Sea to establish trade routes between its member cities. In the 16th and early 17th centuries,
Poland,
Denmark and
Sweden fought wars for ''Dominium Maris Baltici'' (Ruling over the Baltic Sea). Eventually, it was the
Swedish Empire that virtually encompassed the Baltic Sea. In Sweden the sea was then referred to as ''Mare Nostrum Balticum'' (Our Baltic Sea).
In the 18th century
Imperial Russia Russia and
Prussia became the leading powers over the sea. Russia's
Peter I of Russia Peter the Great saw the strategic importance of the Baltic and decided to found his new capital,
Saint Petersburg at the mouth of the
Neva river at the east end of the
Gulf of Finland. There was much trading not just within the Baltic region but also with the North Sea region, especially the eastern
England and the
Netherlands: their fleets needed the Baltic timber, tar, flax and hemp.
During the
Crimean War a joint fleet of
United Kingdom Britain and
France attacked Russian fortresses by bombarding
Sveaborg that guards
Helsinki and
Kronstadt, Russia Kronstadt that guards
Saint Petersburg and destroying
Bomarsund in the
Ã…land Islands. After the unification of
Germany in
1871, the whole southern coast became German. The
World War I First World War was fought also on the Baltic Sea. After
1920 Poland returned to the Baltic Sea, and Polish ports of
Gdynia and
Gdańsk became leading ports of the Baltic.
During
world War II the Second World War Germany reclaimed all of the southern shore and much of the eastern by occupying Poland and the
Baltic states. In
1945 the Baltic Sea became a mass grave for drowned people on torpedoed
refugee ships.
As of 2004, the sinking of the
Wilhelm Gustloff (ship) Wilhelm Gustloff remains the worst
maritime disaster of all time, killing (very roughly) 9,000 people. In 2005, a Russian group of scientists found over 5,000 airplane wrecks, sunken warships, etc., (mainly from
world War II the Second World War) lying in the bottom of the sea.
After
1945 the sea was a border between conflicted military blocks: in case of military conflict in Germany, in parallel with a Soviet offensive towards the
Atlantic Ocean, communist Poland's fleet was prepared to invade Danish isles.
In May
2004, the Baltic Sea became almost completely a
European Union internal sea when the
Baltic states and
Poland became parts of the European Union, leaving only the Russian
Metropolitan area metropolis of
Saint Petersburg and the
exclave of
Kaliningrad Oblast as non-EU areas.
The Baltic Sea starts to get very rough with the October storms. These winter storms have been the cause of many shipwrecks, for example, the sinking of the ferry ''
M/S Estonia'' en route from
Tallinn, Estonia to
Stockholm, Sweden in
1994 that claimed the lives of hundreds. But thanks to the cold brackish water where the
shipworm cannot survive, the sea is a time capsule for centuries-old shipwrecks. Perhaps the most famous one is the
Vasa (ship) Vasa.
Biology
Approximately 100,000 square km of the seafloor (¼ of the total area) is a variable dead zone. The more saline (and therefore denser) water remains on the bottom, isolating it from surface waters and the atmosphere. This leads to decreased oxygen concentrations within the zone. It is mainly bacteria that grow in it, digesting organic material and releasing hydrogen sulfide. Because of this large anaerobic zone, the seafloor ecology differs from that of the neighbouring Atlantic.
The low salinity of the Baltic sea has led to the evolution of many slightly divergent species, such as the Baltic Sea
herring, which is a smaller variant of the
Atlantic Ocean Atlantic herring. The
benthos benthic fauna consists mainly of ''
Monoporeia affinis'', which is originally a freshwater species. The lack of
tides has affected the marine species as compared with the Atlantic.
Economy
Construction of the
Great Belt Bridge (
1997) and
Oresund Bridge (
1999) over the
international waterway of the
Danish Straits limited the Baltic Sea to the middle-sized vessels. In meantime, the Baltic Sea is the main trade route for export of Russian oil. Many of the neighboring countries are rather concerned about this, since a major oil leak would be disastrous in the Baltic given the slow exchange of water, and the many unique species. The tourism industries, especially in economies dependent on tourism like for example in northeastern Germany, are naturally very concerned.
Shipbuilding is practiced in many large shipyards around the Baltic:
Gdańsk,
Szczecin in Poland,
HDW in
Kiel, Germany,
Karlskrona and
Kockums in
Malmö, Sweden, and
Rauma, Finland Rauma,
Turku,
Helsinki in Finland,
RÄ«ga,
LiepÄ?ja in Latvia and
KlaipÄ—da in Lithuania.
There are several cargo and passenger
ferry operators on the Baltic Sea, such as
Silja Line,
Polferries,
Viking Line,
Tallink and
Superfastferries.
Countries
{{Main|Baltic Sea countries}}
Countries that border on the sea:
*
Denmark
*
Estonia
*
Finland
*
Germany
*
Latvia
*
Lithuania
*
Poland
*
Russia
*
Sweden
Countries that are in the drainage basin but do not border on the sea:
*
Belarus
*
Czech Republic
*
Norway
*
Slovakia
*
Ukraine
Islands and Archipelagoes
{{Main|List of islands in the Baltic Sea}}
*
Archipelago Sea (
Finland)
*
Ã…land Islands (
Finland,
autonomous entity autonomous)
*
Bornholm (
Denmark)
*
Gotland (
Sweden)
*
Hailuoto (
Finland)
*
Hiiumaa (
Estonia)
*
Kotlin (
Russia)
*
Muhu (
Estonia)
*
Öland (
Sweden)
*
Rügen (
Germany)
*
Saaremaa (
Estonia)
*
Stockholm archipelago (
Sweden)
*
Usedom or Uznam (split between
Germany and
Poland)
*
Valassaaret (
Finland)
*
Wolin (
Poland)
Cities
The biggest coastal cities:
*
Saint Petersburg (Russia) 4,700,000
*
Riga (Latvia) 760,000
*
Stockholm (Sweden) 743,703 (metropolitan area 1,823,210)
*
Helsinki (Finland) 559,716 (metropolitan area 980,000)
*
Copenhagen (Denmark) 502,204 (metropolitan area 1,823,109) (facing the
Oresund Sound)
*
Gdańsk (Poland) 462,700
*
Szczecin (Poland) 413,600
*
Tallinn (Estonia) 401,774
*
Kaliningrad (Russia) 400,000
*
Malmö (Sweden) 259,579 (facing the
Oresund Sound)
*
Gdynia (Poland) 255,600
*
Kiel (Germany) 250,000
*
Lübeck (Germany) 216,100
*
Rostock (Germany) 212,700
*
KlaipÄ—da (Lithuania) 194,400
*
Turku (Finland) 175,000
Important ports (though not being big cities):
*
Świnoujście (Poland) 50,000
*
Ventspils (Latvia) 44,000
*
Baltiysk (Russia) 20,000
*
Hanko (Finland) 10,000
*
Ports of the Baltic Sea
See also
*
Baltic
*
Baltic region
*
Council of the Baltic Sea States
*
Baltic states
*
Scandinavia
*
Northern Europe
*
List of rivers of the Baltic Sea
References
*Fairbridge, Rhodes. ''The Encyclopedia of Oceanography''. Pentti Alhonen, "Baltic Sea", pp. 87-91. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1966.
External links
-
The Baltic Sea Portal - a site maintained by the [http://www.fimr.fi/en.html Finnish Institute of Marine Research] (FIMR) (in English, Finnish, Swedish and Estonian)
-
Encyclopedia of Baltic History
-
1493 H. Schedel Map with Mare Germanicum
-
Old shipwrecks in the Baltic
-
How the Baltic Sea was changing - Prehistory of the Baltic from the [http://www.pgi.gov.pl/ Polish Geological Institute]
-
Late Weichselian and Holocene shore displacement history of the Baltic Sea in Finland - more prehistory of the Baltic from the [http://www.helsinki.fi/geography/ Department of Geography] of the
University of Helsinki
-
Baltic Environmental Atlas: Interactive map of the Baltic Sea region
-
The Baltic Sea Environment
-
Baltic Sea Photos
Tourism links
-
Zrot : Official Tourism Site Western Pomerania (PL) (Polish, English, German)
-
Zart : Polish Tourism Site Western Pomerania (PL) (Polish, English, German)
-
Official German Tourism Site : Regional Tourist Board Vorpommern (D) (English, German, Swedish, Polish, French, Russian, Spanish)
-
Ost|See|Land - Overview: German Polish- Tourism site (D) (English, German, Swedish, Polish)
-
The Baltic Sea Information Centre (English, Finnish)
-
Ostsee | Usedom - Overview: German English - Tourism site (D) (English, German, French)
Category:Baltic Sea
af:Oossee
ar:بØر البلطيق
bg:БалтийÑ?ко море
bs:BaltiÄ?ko more
ca:Mar BÃ ltica
cs:Baltské moře
cy:Y Môr Baltig
da:Østersøen
de:Ostsee
et:Läänemeri
el:Βαλτική Θάλασσα
es:Mar Báltico
eo:Balta maro
fr:Mer Baltique
gl:Mar Báltico
ko:발트 해
id:Laut Baltik
is:Eystrasalt
it:Mar Baltico
he:×”×™×? הבלטי
csb:Bôłt
la:Mare Balticum
lv:Baltijas jūra
lt:Baltijos jūra
hu:Balti-tenger
mk:Балтичко Море
nah:Mare Baltica
nl:Oostzee
nds:Oostsee
ja:�ルト海
ka:ბ�ლტიის ზღვ�
no:Østersjøen
nn:Austersjøen
pl:Morze Bałtyckie
pt:Mar Báltico
ro:Marea Baltică
ru:БалтийÑ?кое море
simple:Baltic Sea
sk:Baltské more
sl:Baltsko morje
sr:Балтичко море
fi:Itämeri
sv:Östersjön
th:ทะเลบà¸à¸¥à¸•à¸´à¸?
tr:Baltık Denizi
uk:БалтійÑ?ьке море
vi:Biển Baltic
zh:波罗的海
see
Baltic Sea
Category:Northern Europe
Category:Geography of Russia
Category:Seas of the Atlantic Ocean
cs:Kategorie:Baltské moře
fr:Catégorie:Mer Baltique
os:Категори:Балты денджыз
pl:Kategoria:Morze Bałtyckie
ru:КатегориÑ?:БалтийÑ?кое море
sl:Category:Baltsko morje
fi:Luokka:Itämeri
sv:Kategori:Östersjön
*** Shopping-Tip: Baltic Sea
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