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Bohol

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'''Bohol''' is an island Provinces of the Philippines province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas Regions of the Philippines region. Its capital is Tagbilaran City. To the west of Bohol is Cebu, to the northeast is the island of Leyte (island) Leyte and to the south, across the Bohol Sea is Mindanao. {{Infobox Philippine province | infoboxtitle = Province of Bohol | sealfile = Image:Ph_seal_bohol.png | region = Central Visayas (Region VII) | capital = Tagbilaran City | founded = March 25, 1565 | pop2000 = 1,137,268 | pop2000rank = 18th largest | popden2000 = 276 | popden2000rank = 25th highest | areakm2 = 4,117.3 | arearank = 29th largest | hucities = 0 | componentcities= 1 | municipalities = 47 | barangays = 1,109 | districts = 3 | languages = Visayan languages Visayan Cebuano (Boholano) | governor = Erico B. Aumentado | locatormapfile = Image:Ph_locator_map_bohol.png }} Bohol is a popular tourist destination with its beaches and resorts. The Chocolate Hills, numerous mounds of limestone formations, is the most popular attraction. The island of Panglao, located just south of Tagbilaran City, is home to some of the finest beaches in the country. The Philippine Tarsier, considered by some to be the smallest primates is indigenous to the island. Carlos P. Garcia, the country's fourth President of the Philippines president, was from Bohol.

People and culture

Population
According to the 2000 census, there are a total of 1,137,268 Boholanos or ''Bol-anon'', as the residents of Bohol call themselves. The same census also states that Bohol has 209,588 households with an average household size of 5.41 persons, significantly higher than the national average of 4.99. The annual growth rate is 2.92%, higher than the national growth rate of 2.36%. With this growth rate, Bohol's population will double in 24 years. Life expectancy at birth is estimated at 68.19 for the males and 72.93 for the females for the period 2000–2005. This is lower than that of Cebu but higher than that of Negros Oriental and Siquijor.

Native Languages
The main language spoken in Bohol is Boholano, a dialect of Cebuano. Tagalog language Tagalog is also spoken by many of the residents.

Religion
The majority of the population is Roman Catholic. Adherents of other Christian denominations like the Protestants and Iglesia ni Cristo account for a significant part of the remainder. The Philippine Independent Church that was founded by a native Gregorio Aglipay started its roots in Bohol. The main difference between the Aglipay Church and the Roman Catholic Church is the former does not recognize the authority of Rome. The two are very similar in structure and form. Another distinct difference is an Aglipay priest is allowed to marry in stark contrast with the Roman Catholic Church.

Economy
Tourism is playing an increasing role in the island's economy. An international airport is currently planned for Panglao which houses the most-visited and pristine beaches in the province. It is hoped that this will increase Bohol's reputation as an international tourist destination.

Geography
Image:Bohol-Chocolate Hills.jpg thumb|Chocolate Hills The Chocolate Hills are considered one of Philippine's natural wonders and Bohol is often referred to as the ''Jewel of the Philippines''. They are hills made of limestone leftover from coral reefs during the ice age when the island was submerged. They turn brown during the summer, hence their name. Most beaches are of white sand, which is often of such high quality that it is exported to other beaches in the world. The Loboc river is the largest and most famous, running from the southeastern coast to the center of the island. Numerous waterfalls and caves are scattered across the island, including the beautiful Mag Aso falls. Mag Aso means ''smoke'' in the native tongue. The water is cool and often creates a mist in humid mornings which can hide the falls. Panglao is a small island south of the main island, connected by a causeway to Tagbilaran.

Political
Bohol is subdivided into 47 Philippine municipality municipalities and 1 Cities of the Philippines city.

=Cities
= *Tagbilaran City

=Municipalities
=

*Alburquerque, Bohol Alburquerque *Alicia, Bohol Alicia *Anda, Bohol Anda *Antequera, Bohol Antequera *Baclayon, Bohol Baclayon *Balilihan, Bohol Balilihan *Batuan, Bohol Batuan *Bien Unido, Bohol Bien Unido *Bilar, Bohol Bilar *Buenavista, Bohol Buenavista *Calape, Bohol Calape *Candijay, Bohol Candijay *Carmen, Bohol Carmen *Catigbian, Bohol Catigbian *Clarin, Bohol Clarin *Corella, Bohol Corella *Cortes, Bohol Cortes *Dagohoy, Bohol Dagohoy *Danao, Bohol Danao *Dauis, Bohol Dauis *Dimiao, Bohol Dimiao *Duero, Bohol Duero *Garcia Hernandez, Bohol Garcia Hernandez *Guindulman, Bohol Guindulman

*Inabanga, Bohol Inabanga *Jagna, Bohol Jagna *Jetafe, Bohol Jetafe (Getafe) *Lila, Bohol Lila *Loay, Bohol Loay *Loboc, Bohol Loboc *Loon, Bohol Loon *Mabini, Bohol Mabini *Maribojoc, Bohol Maribojoc *Panglao, Bohol Panglao *Pilar, Bohol Pilar *Pres. Carlos P. Garcia, Bohol Pres. Carlos P. Garcia (Pitogo) *Sagbayan, Bohol Sagbayan (Borja) *San Isidro, Bohol San Isidro *San Miguel, Bohol San Miguel *Sevilla, Bohol Sevilla *Sierra Bullones, Bohol Sierra Bullones *Sikatuna, Bohol Sikatuna *Talibon, Bohol Talibon *Trinidad, Bohol Trinidad *Tubigon, Bohol Tubigon *Ubay, Bohol Ubay *Valencia, Bohol Valencia

Physical
'''Location.''' Bohol is an island province in the Visayas. It lies southeast from Cebu across Cebu Strait (in some references called Bohol Strait) and southwest from Leyte (island) Leyte, separated by the Camotes Sea and Canigao Channel. Bohol is also located north of Mindanao with Bohol Sea between them. '''Features.''' With a land area of 4117.3 km² and a coastline 261 km long, Bohol is the tenth largest island of the Philippines. The main island is surrounded by about 70 smaller islands, the largest of which are Panglao Island facing Tagbilaran City in the southwest and Lapining Island in the northeast. The terrain of Bohol is basically rolling and hilly and about half the island is covered in limestone. Near the outer areas of the island are low mountain ranges. The interior is a large plateau with irregular landforms. Near Carmen, Bohol Carmen can be found the major tourist draw of the province, the Chocolate Hills. The more than 1,200 uniformly cone-shaped limestone hills were named that way because in the summer, the grass growing on the hills turn brown, making the landscape look like it had chocolate mounds all over. The Chocolate Hills is found on the provincial seal of Bohol. Panglao is famous for its diving locations and routinely listed as one of the top ten diving locations in the world. Numerous tourist resorts dot the southern beaches and cater to divers from around the world. '''Climate.''' Unlike Luzon and the northern part of Visayas, Bohol is mostly unaffected by the numerous typhoons that hit the country. The weather is mostly mild all year round. When typhoons do hit the island, they usually cross quickly and are no longer powerful, their energy dissipated by the mountains in Leyte (island) Leyte and Samar (island) Samar. From November to April, the northeast monsoon (amihan) prevails. Except for a rare shower, this is the mildest time of the year. Daytime temperatures average 28°C, cooling down at night to around 25°C. The summer season from May to July brings higher temperatures and very humid days. From August to October is the southwest monsoon (habagat). The weather during this season is not very predictable, with weeks of calm weather alternating with rainy days. It can rain any day of the year, but you wil have more chance for a heavy shower from November to January. If you want to see the Chocolate Hills in their "Chocolate" color, you will have to go their during the "Summer".

History

Early history
The people of Bohol are said to be the descendants of the last group of inhabitants who settled in the Philippines called ''pintados'' or “tattooed ones.” Boholanos had already a culture of their own as evidence by the artifacts dug at Mansasa, Tagbilaran, and in Dauis and Panglao. The name Bohol is supposedly derived from Bo-ol, a small town in the vicinity of Tagbilaran City, and now a barangay.

Spanish Colonial Period
The earliest significant contact of the island with Spain occurred in 1565. In that year on March 25 (March 16 in the Julian Calendar), a Spanish explorer named Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in Bohol to look for spices and golds. After convincing the native chieftains that they were not Portugal Portuguese people (who raided the islands of Mactan in 1521), he made a peace pact with Datu Sikatuna. This pact was signified with a blood compact between the two men. This event, called the ''Sandugo'' (one blood), is celebrated in Bohol every year during the Sandugo Festival. The ''Sandugo'' is also depicted on Bohol's provincial seal. Two significant revolts occurred in Bohol during the Spanish Era. One was the Tamblot Uprising in 1621, which was led by Tamblot, a ''babaylan'' or native priest. The other was the famous Dagohoy Rebellion, considered as the longest rebellion in Philippine history. This rebellion was led by Francisco Dagohoy, also known as Francisco Sendrijas, from 1744 to 1829. Politically, Bohol was administrated as a ''residencia'' of Cebu. It became a separate politico-military province on July 22, 1854 together with Siquijor. A census in 1879 found Bohol with a population of 253,103 distributed among 34 municipalities.

U.S. Intervention and Occupation
After the United States defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War, the U.S. bought the entire Philippine islands. However, under the newly proclaimed independent government established by Emilio Aguinaldo Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, which was not recognized by the US, Bohol was governed as a ''Gobierno de Canton''. During the resulting Philippine-American War, American troops under Henry Hale Maj. Henry Hale landed in Tagbilaran City Tagbilaran and took over the island. He hired and outfitted Pedro Samson to build a police force for the island. Instead Samson took his troops and equipment into the interior of Bohol and began an insurgency. After being massacred in their first battle, Samson turned to guerrilla warfare guerrilla tactics and influenced the interior of the island while Hale's forces controlled the outer edge and Taglibaran City. In January, 1901 the fighting had reached a lull. In May, 1901 an American soldier was murdered by the fiance' of a women he had assaulted. In retaliation, Capt. Andrew S. Rowan [http://www.trivia-library.com/b/military-biography-spanish-american-war-lt-andrew-summers-rowan-part-2.htm], the soldier's commander, ordered the burning of the town of Jagna. This infuriated the population of Bohol and reignited the insurrection. At first Rowan was suspended from duty for this decision. But eventually support for burning villages increased in the military command. The burnings continued, usually as a reaction to collaboration. In addition, livestock was destroyed and prominent civilians tortured. Water cure was a commonly used torture technique. By the end of the fighting, American troops had burned 16-20 villages. Major Edwin F. Glenn, who had personally approved the tortures, was later courts-martialed for the crime. Samson and his men surrendered on December 23, 1901 after being granted amnesty and taking a loyalty oath. The war largely ended at this time. However, a month later Samson had rearmed and ordered the killing of J. R. Hegg, the provincial supervisor. This inflamed passions and almost restarted the war. But war did not resume and the last American troops left in February, 1902. On March 10, 1917, the Americans made Bohol a separate province under Act 2711 (which also established most of the other Philippine provinces).

Japanese occupation
The Japan Japanese Japanese Imperial Army Imperial Army landed in Tagbilaran on May 17, 1942. Boholanos struggled unsuccessfully to provide resistance against the Japanese forces. Bohol was later liberated by American troops on April 11, 1945.

External links

- Official Website of the Provincial Government of Bohol
- Open Directory Project: Bohol {{Bohol}} {{Visayas lateral}} Category:Provinces of the Philippines Category:Islands of the Philippines ilo:Bohol ceb:Bohol de:Bohol nl:Bohol ja:ボホール州 no:Bohol war:Bohol pam:Bohol tl:Bohol

{| id="toc" style="margin: auto; line-height: 1.5; font-size: smaller; text-align: left;" |- | colspan="2" style="background:#ccccff; font-size: larger;" align="center" | '''Cities of the Philippines Cities and Municipalities of the Philippines Municipalities of Bohol province Bohol''' |- |style="padding:0px 5px" align="right"|'''Cities:''' |style="padding:0px 5px" | Tagbilaran City |- |style="padding:0px 5px" align="right"|'''Municipalities:''' |style="padding:0px 5px" | Alburquerque, Bohol Alburquerque | Alicia, Bohol Alicia | Anda, Bohol Anda | Antequera, Bohol Antequera | Baclayon, Bohol Baclayon | Balilihan, Bohol Balilihan | Batuan, Bohol Batuan | Bien Unido, Bohol Bien Unido | Bilar, Bohol Bilar | Buenavista, Bohol Buenavista | Calape, Bohol Calape | Candijay, Bohol Candijay | Carmen, Bohol Carmen | Catigbian, Bohol Catigbian | Clarin, Bohol Clarin | Corella, Bohol Corella | Cortes, Bohol Cortes | Dagohoy, Bohol Dagohoy | Danao, Bohol Danao | Dauis, Bohol Dauis | Dimiao, Bohol Dimiao | Duero, Bohol Duero | Garcia Hernandez, Bohol Garcia Hernandez | Guindulman, Bohol Guindulman | Inabanga, Bohol Inabanga | Jagna, Bohol Jagna | Jetafe, Bohol Jetafe | Lila, Bohol Lila | Loay, Bohol Loay | Loboc, Bohol Loboc | Loon, Bohol Loon | Mabini, Bohol Mabini | Maribojoc, Bohol Maribojoc | Panglao, Bohol Panglao | Pilar, Bohol Pilar | Pres. Carlos P. Garcia, Bohol Pres. Carlos P. Garcia | Sagbayan, Bohol Sagbayan | San Isidro, Bohol San Isidro | San Miguel, Bohol San Miguel | Sevilla, Bohol Sevilla | Sierra Bullones, Bohol Sierra Bullones | Sikatuna, Bohol Sikatuna | Talibon, Bohol Talibon | Trinidad, Bohol Trinidad | Tubigon, Bohol Tubigon | Ubay, Bohol Ubay | Valencia, Bohol Valencia |}

Bohol province Bohol is a Provinces of the Philippines province in the Philippines. Category:Provinces of the Philippines

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