Dictionary of Meaning

<<Back
Please select a letter:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0-9

Brighton

*** Shopping-Tip: Brighton
{{otherplaces}} {{infobox England place with map UA| |Place= Brighton |Population= List of English cities by population 134,293 |Map= Brighton - Brighton and Hove dot.png |District= Brighton & Hove |Region= South East England |Ceremonial= East Sussex |Traditional= Sussex |Constituency= |Euro= South East England (European Parliament constituency) South East England |PostalTown= BRIGHTON |PostCode= BN1, BN2 |DiallingCode= 01273 |Police= Sussex Police |GridReference= TQ315065 }} '''Brighton''' on the southern Sussex coast is one of the largest and most famous seaside resorts in England. Brighton and Hove form a single conurbation. Brighton's lively atmosphere is a direct contrast to its near neighbour, Hove which has quieter and more refined character. The two boroughs were joined together to form the unitary authority of Brighton & Hove in 1997, which in 2000 was granted city status in the United Kingdom city status by the Queen as part of the millennial celebrations, following competition with other large towns which also coveted city status.

Early history
While any British history predating the first mentions by literate Romans is, by definition, consigned to an obscured landscape known intimidatingly as "prehistory", a few things are known about the area. Whitehawk Camp—a natural viewpoint—is bisected by Manor Road. The centre of this early Neolithic causewayed enclosure of c 3500 BC is someway toward the aerial mast on the south side of Manor Road, opposite the grandstand. There are four concentric circles of ditches and mounds, broken or 'causewayed' in many places. Significant vestiges of the mounds remain and you can trace their arc with the eye. The building of a new housing estate in the early nineties over the south-eastern portion of the enclosure resulted in damage to the archaeology, the loss of the ancient panoramic view and a diminishment in atmosphere of the historical site. More of prehistoric Brighton and Hove can be observed just north of the small retail park on Old Shoreham Road, built over the site of the Goldstone Ground town's football ground in the late 1990s, where you can visit The Goldstone. There is a plaque telling us it was believed to be in use (ceremonial? geomantic?) around 2000 BC. A standing stone circle nearby (today's Hove Park) is documented up to 1820, when the farmer had had one too many "antiquarians" traipsing over his crop and buried the stones. After a scholarly review, Paul Harwood of Birmingham's Institute of Archaeology & Antiquity noted that "there are a concentration of Beaker burials on the fringes of the central chalklands around Brighton, and a later cluster of Early and Middle Bronze Age ‘rich graves' in the same area." Of considerable interest from the middle Bronze Age is the Hove Amber Cup. During nineteenth century building work near Palmeira Square, workmen tasked with removing an earth mound "excavated" a significant burial mound. A defining point on the landscape since at least 1500 BC, this 20-foot-high tomb yielded, amongst other treasures, the Hove Amber Cup. Made of translucent red Baltic Amber and approximately the same size as a regular china teacup, the impressive artefact can be seen in Hove Museum. Undoubtedly the single most impressive pre-Roman site in Brighton is Hollingbury Camp. Commanding panoramic views over Brighton, this Celtic Iron Age encampment is circumscribed by substantial earthwork outer walls. As a "ball park figure", its diameter is about 300 metres. Hollingbury is one of numerous "hillforts" found across southern Britain. Cissbury Ring, at a distance of about ten miles from Hollingbury and quite awesome in its construction, is reckoned by some to have been the tribal "capital". Having conquered Britannica (AD 43), and after brutally surpressing the Boudiccan counter-invasion (AD 61), the Romans built villas throughout Sussex and indeed there was a villa in Brighton. At the time of its construction in the late first or second century AD there was a river running along what is now the tarmac of London Road. The villa was sited more or less at the water's edge, immediately south of Preston Park—which area itself would perhaps have been part of the outer grounds. The villa was excavated in the 1930s prior to the building of a (now gone) garage on the site. Numerous artefacts were found as well as the foundations of the building. In the thirties, the garage owner had a small display of Roman statues and broaches in the forecourt shop. Despite the construction along the south coast by the Romano-British of numerous shore forts (significant extant examples can be visited at Portsmouth to the West and Pevensey to the East) the battle to ward off Saxon raiders was eventually lost after the official withdrawal of Roman resources in AD 410. Aelle, a Saxon, is deemed to be "the first king of Seorsax [Sussex]". The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle contains the first mention of a settlement in the area at ''Beorthelm's-tun'' ("the town of Beorthelm"). In the Domesday Book, Brighton was called ''Bristemestune'' and a rent of 4000 herring was established. From the manorial system, Preston manor lingers on today as a museum. Although the present day manor house is relatively recent in construction, the church—St Peter's, currently under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust—is fourteenth century. A medieval fresco depicting the murder of Thomas Beckett was discovered under paint following a fire in the early part of the twentieth century. As such, it is among the oldest art in Brighton. While other ecclesiastical buildings in Brighton date from the post-Russell period, St Andrew's Church on Church Road, Hove has a dramatic thirteenth-century nave. Declining fortunes and neglect left the church almost a ruin, before nineteenth century restoration returned it to the comparably mighty edifice visible today. A medieval priory on the site of the present Town Hall has left no visible trace, though Hangleton Manor to the north of the suburb of Portslade is a sixteenth-century flint manor building, very well preserved, juxtaposed in amongst a twentieth-century housing estate. It is now a pub.

13th century
St Bartholemew's Priory stood on the site of the present town hall. A small dispatchment of Cluniacs, submitting themselves to a regular life under the Rule of St Benedict, attempting to implement Augustine's spiritual exhortations to quell the impositions of the flesh. Or perhaps just attempting to get through the winter. Some of those sea mists and blustery winds...

16th century
In June 1514, the fishing village then known as ''Brighthelmstone'' was burnt to the ground by the French as part of a war between the two which began as a result of the Treaty of Westminster (1511). Later on in Henry's reign, the residents of the town petitioned the monarch for defensive cannon. Part of their 'pitch' was an illustrated map (1545) showing the French raid of 1511. A display copy of the map can be seen in Hove Museum. Perhaps something of Brighton mid-century can be gleaned from the story of Deryk Carver. This man whose place of business, a brewery, was on Black Lion street was arrested with others by the Sherrif Edward Gage for contradicting the dictats of state religion. Their readings were in English and they rejected the authority of the Roman Catholic church and its continuing role as (regrettably) an instrument of oppressive state power. Deryk Carver and others were dispatched for trail in London and ultimately executed in Lewes. The method of such was gruesome and grimly barbaric. Carver was stood in a barrel of pitch and there burned alive.

18th and 19th century
{| style="float: right" |- |Image:John Constable 026.jpg thumb|200px|Beach and [[sailing ships in Brighton, John Constable, 1824]] |- |Image:John Constable 024.jpg thumb|200px|The Chain Pier, Brighton, [[John Constable, 1824-1827]] |- |Image:2005-07-14_-_United_Kingdom_-_England_-_Brighton_-_Brighton_Pier.jpg thumb|200px|Brighton Pier |- |Image:Brighton_west_pier.jpg thumb|200px|The West Pier, showing the collapse of the concert hall, before the fire. |- |- |Image:BrightonPierBurnedSunset(s).JPG thumb|200px|The West Pier in January 2006, after the most recent collapse. |- |Image:Grand Hotel - Brighton - 02082004.jpg thumbnail|200px|The Grand Hotel, on Brighton seafront in 2004, restored after the [[Brighton hotel bombing|IRA bomb]] |- |Image:Pavilion.jpg thumbnail|200px|Royal Pavilion, July 2001 |} The popular mythology of Brighton suggests that the town remained a small fishing village up until the 18th century. While it is certainly true that the town had entered a decline before its mid-eighteenth century rebirth as a tourist Mecca in a developing consumer economy, it might also be noted that in the 1660s Brighton, with a population of over 4000, was the largest town in the county, easily surpassing Lewes or Chichester in sheer numbers. Returning to the familiar narrative, Brighthelmstone begins to change in 1753 when Dr Richard Russell (doctor) Richard Russell of Lewes published his thesis on sea bathing, which proclaimed the benefit to health of the salinity salt water of Brighton. He set up house there and before long, the rich and the sick had started to make their way to the seaside. Currently approaching the conclusion of its ambitious restoration, Marlborough House, Brighton Marlborough House on the Steine was built by Robert Adam in 1765 and purchased shortly afterwards by the eponymous Duke. By 1780, development of the Regency terraces had started and the town quickly became the fashionable resort of Brighton. The growth of the town was further encouraged when, in 1786, the young Prince Regent later King George IV of the United Kingdom George IV, rented a farmhouse in order to escape from public life. Eventually he spent much of his leisure time in the town and constructed the exotic-looking Royal Brighton Pavilion Royal Pavilion, which is the town's best-known landmark. The Kemp Town estate (at the heart of the Kemptown district) was constructed between 1823 and 1855, and is a good example of Regency architecture. Visitors were further encouraged by the arrival of the London and Brighton Railway in 1840, which also established one of the first railway-owned Brighton railway works locomotive works.

Twentieth century
Brighton's character evolved over the course of the twentieth century but not so as to leave it unrecognisable. In many ways, Brighton's postwar growth has been a continuation of the 'fashionable Brighton' that drew the Georgian architecture Georgian upper classes at the beginning of its recent history. The growth in mass tourism stimulated numerous Brighton businesses to serve the insatiable appetites of the holidaying masses. Pubs and restaurants are abundant. The single most important postwar development was the opening in the mid sixties of Sussex University, designed by Sir Basil Spence. The University has acquired a strong academic reputation, not least in left-leaning humanities subjects. Brighton, with its cutting edge scene, is hard to imagine without the 20,000+ students of the now two Universities. Embassy Court is one of the most striking buildings on the seafront at Brighton and Hove, although the reasons for this have differed over the years. When built in 1935, designed by architect Welles Coates, the building contrasted sharply with the more sedate and ornamental architecture of King's Road; but by the 1990s, the structure drew comment because of its terribly run down nature. The building made the local press after chunks of render and windows fell from the building onto the street below, and it appeared until recently that it may suffer the same ignomious fate met by the West Pier sat opposite it, which finally succumbed to the elements (and arsonists) in early 2004. Luckily this proved not to be the case - a consortium formed by residents and owners were able to wrestle the freehold of the building from the previous inneffectual management company, and restoration began in 2004 and completed by Autumn 2005. It is now restored to its 1930's glory.

Piers
The ''Brighton Marine Palace and Pier'', generally known as the ''Palace Pier'' before being unofficially renamed by its current owners as ''Brighton Pier'' in 2000 (something not recognised by the National Piers Society), opened in May 1899 after costing a record £137,000 to build. The theatre wasn't ready for opening until 2 years later. This theatre was controversially removed, on the condition that it was replaced. This never happened, and the seaward end building looks out of place compared to the rest of the structure. The pier suffered a large fire on 4 February 2003 but the damage was limited and most of the pier was able to reopen the next day. The older ''West Pier'', built in 1866 by Eugenius Birch, has been closed and deteriorating since 1975, awaiting renovation. The West Pier is one of only two Grade 1 Listed building listed piers in the UK, the other being Clevedon Pier. Plans by the West Pier Trust to renovate the pier with help from the Heritage Lottery Fund were opposed by some local residents. The owners of Brighton Palace Pier, originally supporters of the restoration scheme (the 1996 "Year of the Pier" was launched from there by the then Culture Secretary Virginia Bottomley), went on to back the objectors who claimed that subsidised rebuilding, were it to happen, would be unfair competition. This may have been a short-sighted attitude, as the piers could have appealed to a different clientele. More people might have been attracted to Brighton, which was already seeing a sharp increase in tourism. The West Pier partially collapsed on December 29, 2002 when a walkway connecting the concert hall and pavilion fell into the sea after being battered by storms. On January 20, 2003 a further collapse saw the destruction of the concert hall in the middle of the pier. On March 28, 2003 the pavilion at the end of the pier caught fire. Firefighters were unable to save the building from destruction because they could not reach the end of the pier - the previous collapse had destroyed the walkway. The cause of the fire remains unknown. On May 12, 2003, another fire broke out, consuming most of what was left of the concert hall. Arson was suspected. The West Pier Trust refers to the fires as the work of 'professional arsonists'. On June 23, 2004 high winds caused the middle of the pier to completely collapse. Despite all these setbacks, the owner of the site, West Pier Trust, remained adamant they would soon begin full restoration work. Finally, in December 2004, the Trust admitted defeat, after their plans were rejected by the Heritage Lottery Fund, and subsequent less ambitious plans to restore only the oldest, structural parts of the pier were also rejected by English Heritage. However, in September 2005 the Trust revealed in their newsletter that they are forming further plans to rebuild the original structure with help from private funding. Brighton had one further major pier, the ''Brighton Chain Suspension Pier'' ("Chain Pier") designed by Captain Samuel Brown, RN and built in 1823. The pier was primarily intended as a landing stage for packet boats to Dieppe, Brighton having no natural harbour, but it also featured a small number of attractions including initially a camera obscura. An esplanade with an entrance toll-booth controlled access to the pier which was roughly in line with today's New Steine. J. M. W. Turner Turner and John Constable Constable both made paintings of the pier, William IV of England King William IV landed on it, and it was even the subject of a song. The Chain Pier survived the construction of the West Pier, but a condition for permission to build the Palace Pier was that the builders would dismantle the oldest pier. They were saved this task by a storm which destroyed the already closed and rather decrepit pier on December 4, 1896. The stubby remains of some of the pier's iron piles, sunk ten feet into bedrock, can still be seen at the most extreme low tides.

IRA bombing
:''Main article: Brighton hotel bombing'' In the early hours of October 12th 1984 an Provisional IRA IRA bomb exploded in the Grand Hotel where leading members of the governing Conservative Party (UK) Conservative Party were staying for their annual party conference. Four people were killed in the blast (including Anthony Berry Sir Anthony Berry), although no member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom cabinet was killed. The Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, narrowly escaped injury, but other members of her Government were badly injured — notably Norman Tebbit, whose wife was also injured and left paralysed.

Brighton today
In Brighton, the area occupied by the original fishing village has become The Lanes — a collection of narrow alleyways now filled with a mixture of antique shops, restaurants, bistros and pubs. That name was derived from 'Laine', which was apparently an old unit of Anglo-Saxon field measurement. The North Laine area still keeps the original spelling. Hilly Laine, on the east slope facing North Laine is now generally known as 'Hanover', such name coming from the early nineteenth century terraces at the base of the hill: Hanover Crescent, Hanover Terrace et al. named for the Hanoverian monarchy of the day. The city has a large Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) community, mainly based in the Kemptown area of the city. Some indicators suggest a gay population approaching 25%. Every August sees a large annual Gay Pride LGBT Pride event which has now become one of the most popular such events in the UK calendar. Brighton's nearby neighbour, Hove, is seen by some as a more desirable location than Brighton and it is often referred to by locals as "Hove actually". This is because when a questioner asks a Hove resident whether they live in Brighton, they are frequently met with the response "No, Hove actually!". The pub next to Hove railway station was at one time called ''Bertie Belcher's Brighton Brewery Company At the Hedgehog and Hogshead - it's really in Hove, actually!'' - it has since been renamed ''The Station''. The biggest arts festival in England—the Brighton Festival—takes place in May each year. Brighton is home to two universities, the University of Sussex and the University of Brighton, as well as a Independent school (UK) public school, Brighton College. It is sometimes known as 'London by the Sea' because of its lively atmosphere and cosmopolitan nature and also because of the large number of visitors from London. In the summer, thousands of young students from all over Europe gather in the city to attend language courses. Part of the beach has been designated an official nudist area — one of very few naturist beaches in the United Kingdom to be located adjacent to an urban area. Image:BigBeachBoutique.jpeg 200px|thumb|right|July 17, 2002. The Big Beach Boutique II attracted thousands of fans to see [[Fatboy Slim play live.]] Since the 1978 demolition of the Art Deco open-air swimming lido at Black Rock, the most easterly part of Brighton's seafront, the area has been developed considerably and now features one of Europe's largest marinas. However, the site of the pool itself remains empty except for a skate park and graffiti wall, and further development is planned for the area including a high-rise hotel which has aroused considerable local controversy, mirroring the situation with proposals for the site of the King Alfred leisure centre in neighbouring Hove. Brighton is considered a fairly progressive town due to the large numbers of political movements and activities, for instance SchNEWS, a local newsletter. This has been demonstrated by the Green Party of England and Wales Green Party taking 22% of the vote of the Brighton Pavilion constituency in the 2005 general election, versus just 1% nationally.

Night-life & popular music
Brighton is renowned for its lively music scene, having spawned a number of successful artists, such as The Levellers and Fatboy Slim, and record labels including Skint Records. There is a healthy free party scene, which has been in action since the early 90s. There is also a significant array of local listings and review publications, which serve as a useful showcase for the many local graphic designers. There are a large number of bars and nightclubs in Brighton, though due to problems with binge-drinking and vagrancy, alcohol consumption on the street is now banned in some areas. Some of the most important clubs in the UK dance music scene are based in Brighton, such as The Zap, The Honey Club and The Ocean Rooms, Club New York and the famous but now rebranded Escape, which has become Audio. Additionally, Brighton has a lively gay and lesbian scene centred in the Kemptown area of the city. There is also a selection of rock/metal venues in Brighton.

Sport
Brighton is the home of Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. and the Hove ground of Sussex County Cricket Club, which is used for international one day matches, and the Brighton Bears. In 1995 Brighton & Hove Albion's Goldstone Stadium, in central Hove, was sold without viable plans for an alternative. Near relegation from Division 3 in 1997, having played their last game at the Goldstone Stadium, saw a new board of directors installed. Two years of sharing Gillingham's stadium in Kent ended when the team was granted permission to play their home games at the Withdean Sports Complex in Brighton. Despite fans not having to make the 140 mile round trip to Kent, the 6000 seater stadium is not suitable for Championship games. Plans for a new 23,000 seater stadium had been in place since 1998, and Falmer, just north of the city, was chosen as the best location in 1999. On 28th October 2005 fans rejoiced when the Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott, granted Brighton & Hove Albion permission to build the stadium they had been waiting for since 1995.

Events
What has become a major event held every February in the Old Market at Hove is Seedy Sunday. People come from all over the country to swap seeds and listen to talks on seeds. This event helps to safeguard many of our heirloom varieties which would otherwise be lost. And at the same time safeguarding genetic variety.

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans Community
Through out history Brighton has always been known to have a large Gay and Lesbian community. Despite being one of the smallest cities in the country, Brighton's lesbian and gay community is estimated to be around 35, 000 (13% of the total population, making it one of the largest in the country. Although much of gay and lesbian history has never been recorded, the earliest recording of gays and lesbians in the town was in August 1822, George Wilson, a servant from Newcastle-upon-Tyne, was accused by a guardsman he had met in the Duke of Wellington public house in Pool Valley of having offered him a sovereign and two shillings to go with him onto the beach to commit an unnatural crime. Philanthropist Angela Burdett-Coutts (1814-1906), great friends of Charles Dickens and the Duke of Wellington, spent part of each year on holiday at the Royal Albion Hotel in Brighton with her companion Hannah. The couple were devoted to each other, were socially recognized as a pair, even sent joint Christmas cards, and when Hannah died in 1878, Miss Burdett-Coutts told a friend that she was utterly crushed by the loss of "my poor darling, the companion and sunshine of my life for 52 years". If you would like to read more please go to Brighton Our Story Project you will be able to find more information there. Today the town boast a liberal attitude culminating each year the town host Brighton Pride on the first week of August attracting over 100,000 visitors. Its helpline Brighton Gay and Lesbian Switchboard is the oldest Brighton only organisation in the town and old of the oldest in the country, the town has one of the few gay and lesbian youth projects in the UK Allsorts Youth Project. In 2000 the award-winning and largescale LGBT community survey, Count Me In, led to the development of a LGBT Community Strategy 2001-06 for Brighton & Hove. Spectrum [http://www.spectrum-lgbt.org] developed from this process to work with local services and planners in implementing the strategy, and to provide infrastructure and community development support for the LGBT community. Its aim is to act as an independent voice in negotiating the rights of LGBT people locally with a specific focus on the needs of marginalised sections of the LGBT Community. Count Me In Too! [http://www.countmeintoo.co.uk] is a second study which will shortly be conducted as in partnership between University of Brighton and Spectrum. It aims to identify gaps in the original research and update Brighton’s LGBT Community Strategy. Brighton is well served by two LGBT free magazines; Gscene [http://www.gscene.com/] and 3sixty [http://www.3sixtymag.co.uk] although there is famously anamoosity between the frontmen of each.

Transport
Image:Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company 1.jpg thumb|[[Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company|Brighton & Hove Bus showing old livery]] Brighton railway station was built by the London & Brighton Railway in 1840, and in 1970 was saved from redevelopment. The station provides fast and frequent connections to London Gatwick Airport, Victoria Station (London) London Victoria, London Bridge station London Bridge, and via the Thameslink line, Kings Cross station King's Cross, London Luton Airport and Bedford, Bedfordshire Bedford. Regular servies also operate to Birmingham New Street and on to Glasgow, Scotland, and via Bristol to Tenby, Wales. The express London Victoria service takes 51 minutes today, compared with 60 minutes in 1910, 80 minutes in 1859 and up to two hours in 1841. Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company operates the local bus service with over 250 buses. The former Brighton "Blue Buses" company dates back to the 1880s. It was bought by Brighton and Hove, who then merged into the Go-Ahead Group in1993. The council and bus company run a [http://www.citytransport.org.uk/bus.html city-wide realtime bus information service]. A limited bus service is also run during the night called "Night Crawlers" service. This is normally only on the early hours of Saturday and Sunday. Volk's Electric Railway, created in 1883, runs along the inland edge of the beach from the Palace Pier to around the site of the Chain Pier, and on via an 1884 extension to Black Rock. There have been various reconstructions since this date. It is claimed to be the world's oldest operating electric railway and was the electrification model adopted by London Underground.{{fact}} Between 1894 and 1901 there was another electric railway, also created by Magnus Volk: the "daddy long legs" as it was popularly known featured tracks out under the sea, to avoid the need to build a viaduct, and a carriage on tall iron legs which carried the passengers above the waves. This ran from the Banjo Groyne to Rottingdean, via Ovingdean. It was never able to withstand stormy weather, and after several collapses and reconstructions, and the final insurmountable problem of changes to the sea defences, it was abandoned. A small amount of its concrete support structure can sometimes be seen along the route. First the Aldrington Tramway (1884-1912), then Brighton Corporation Tramways (1901-1939) ran routes from the Aquarium to Brighton Station (Route S), London Road (Route B), Ditchling Road (route D) and Elm Grove (route E), Lewes Road (Route L), Queens Park (Route Q), New England Hill/Dyke Road (Route N)

Notable inhabitants
{{Main|List of notable Brighton & Hove inhabitants}}

Brighton in literature
*Jane Austen: ::''Pride and Prejudice'' ::''Mansfield Park'' *George Gissing: ::''New Grub Street'' *Graham Greene (writer) Graham Greene ::''Brighton Rock'' *Patrick Hamilton (dramatist) Patrick Hamilton ::''Hangover Square (book) Hangover Square'' ::''West Pier(book) West Pier'' *Henry James ::''The Golden Bowl'' *Robert Rankin: ::''The Most Amazing Man Who Ever Lived (1995)'' Featuring an unnamed seaside town on the south coast with two piers! ::''The Brightonomicon (2005)'' *Phillip Reeve ::''Infernal Devices'' (2005) (Fictional) *Louise Rennison ::The "Confessions of Georgia Nicolson" series *Nigel Richardson ::''Breakfast In Brighton'' (ISBN 0575402016) *William Makepeace Thackeray ::''Vanity Fair'' *Helen Zahavi ::''Dirty Weekend'' ::''My Heart's a Suitcase'' by Clare Mcintyre The fictional seaside town of Watermouth—the setting of Malcolm Bradbury's campus novel ''The History Man''—bears a lot of resemblance to Brighton.

Brighton in film
*''Brighton Rock'' (1947) John Boulting *''Genevieve (film) Genevieve'' (1953) Henry Cornelius *''The Chalk Garden'' (1963) *''Oh! What A Lovely War'' (1969) *''On a Clear Day You Can See Forever'' (1970) *''Carry On films Carry On At Your Convenience'' (1971) *''Carry On films Carry On Girls'' (1973) *''Quadrophenia (film) Quadrophenia'' (1979) Franc Roddam *''Mona Lisa (movie) Mona Lisa'' (1986) *''Fruit Machine(movie) Fruit Machine'' (1988) *''Under Suspicion'' (1991) *''Dirty Weekend'' (1993) *''The End of the Affair'' (1999) *''Circus (2000 movie) Circus'' (2000) *''Me Without You (film) Me Without You'' (2001) *''Wimbledon (movie) Wimbledon'' (2004) *''MirrorMask (movie) MirrorMask'' (2005)

See also
*The Argus (Brighton) The Argus — the local newspaper *Brighton sewers Brighton Sewers *Eurovision Song Contest 1974 *London to Brighton events *Royal Alexandra Hospital, Brighton Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital

External links
{{commonscat|Brighton}}
- Brighton & Hove City Council
- My Brighton and Hove Local history
- Brighton Museum & Art Gallery Holds two galleries devoted to local history, with a number of objects that can be viewed online.
- Regency Brighton
- Brighton West Pier Trust site with information about the restoration plans, photos etc.
- West Pier victim of summer storms — BBC News story on June 2004 collapse
- 1998 Interview with Dr. Fred Gray, Historian for the West Pier Trust
- list of notable residents
- Brighton Ourstory 200 years of Gay and Lesbian History
- Volks electric railway

Photographs

- Brighton & Hove in Pictures Collection of images from the city's library and museum collections.
- Photographs and panoramas of Brighton
- Photographs of Brighton
- Photos of Brighton Brighton Daily Photo Category:Brighton and Hove Category:Coastal cities Category:Eurovision host cities Category:Former non-metropolitan districts Category:Seaside resorts in England Category:Towns in East Sussex af:Brighton ar:برايتون de:Brighton (England) eo:Brajtono fr:Brighton it:Brighton he:ברייטון nl:Brighton no:Brighton pl:Brighton (Anglia) simple:Brighton sv:Brighton zh:布赖顿

*** Shopping-Tip: Brighton