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Charles XIII of Sweden
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{| align="right"
|
Image:Charles XIII of Sweden.jpg thumb|220px|'''Charles XIII'''
King of Sweden
|-
| {{House of Holstein-Gottorp}}
|}
'''Charles XIII''' (
Swedish language Swe: '''
Karl XIII''') (
October 7,
1748 – 1818), was
Monarch of Sweden King of Sweden from
1809 and
King of Norway (where he was known as '''Carl II''') from
1814 until his death. He was the second son of King
Adolf Frederick of Sweden and
Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of
Frederick the Great.
Life and politics
In
1772 he co-operated in the revolutionary plans of his brother
Gustav III of Sweden. On the outbreak of the
Gustav III's Russian War Russo-Swedish War of 1788 he served with distinction as admiral of the
Swedish Royal Navy fleet, especially at the battles of
Battle of Hogland Hogland (June 7, 1788) and
Battle of Öland Öland (July 26, 1789). On the latter occasion he would have won a signal victory but for the unaccountable remissness of his second-in-command, Admiral Liljehorn. On the death of Gustav III, Charles, now duke of
Södermanland, acted as
regent of Sweden till 1796; but the real ruler of the country was the narrow-minded and vindictive
Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, whose mischievous influence over him was supreme. These four years were perhaps the most miserable and degrading in Swedish history (an age of lead succeeding an age of gold, as it has well been called) and may be briefly described as alternations of fantastic
jacobinism and ruthless
despotism. On the accession of
Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (November 1796), the duke became a mere cipher in politics till the
March 13,
1809, when those who had dethroned Gustav IV Adolf appointed him regent, and finally elected king by
Riksdag of the Estates. But by this time he was prematurely decrepit, and
Charles XIV of Sweden Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte took over the government as soon as he landed in Sweden,
1810. By the
Sweden-Norway Union of Sweden and Norway in
1814 Charles became king of Norway under the name '''Carl II of Norway'''. After eight years as king only by title, Charles died without an heir on
February 5,
1818, and Sweden had to find a king.
Children
He had married his cousin Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte of
Holstein-Gottorp (1759–1818), on
July 7,
1774 but both of their children would die in infancy.
# Louisa Hedvig (
1797)
# Carl Adolf, Duke of
Värmland (
1798)
With his mistress,
Augusta Fersen he had a son:
#
Carl Löwenhielm 1772–1861
See also
*
Order of Charles XIII (
Swedish Rite)
{{start box}}
{{succession box two to one|before1=
Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden Gustav IV Adolf|title1=
List of Swedish monarchs King of Sweden|years1=1809–1818|after=
Charles XIV John of Sweden Charles XIV John /
Charles III John|before2=
Christian VIII of Denmark Christian Frederick|title2=
List of Norwegian monarchs King of Norway|years2=1814–1818}}
{{end box}}
Category:1748 births
Category:1818 deaths
Category:House of Holstein-Gottorp
Category:Swedish monarchs Charles 13
Category:Norwegian monarchs Charles 02
Category:Dukes of Swedish Provinces
References
*{{1911}}
cs:Karel XIII.
da:Karl 13. af Sverige
de:Karl XIII. (Schweden)
et:Karl XIII
eo:Karlo la 13-a (Svedio)
fr:Charles XIII de Suède
nl:Karel XIII van Zweden
ja:カール13世ヨ�ン (スウェーデン王)
no:Karl II
nn:Karl XIII av Sverige
pl:Karol XIII Oldenburg
fi:Kaarle XIII
sv:Karl XIII
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