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Christian

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:''For other uses of the term Christian, see Christian (disambiguation).'' {{christianity}} A '''Christian''' is a follower of Jesus Christ. There are different interpretations of what exactly that entails, however. In any case, Christians by definition are a part of Christianity. Christians are monotheistic, meaning they follow only one God.

Usage of the word
As a noun, '''Christian''' is an appellation and moniker deriving from the appellation "Christ", which many people associate exclusively with Jesus of Nazareth. The first known usage of this term can be found in the New Testament of the Bible, in Acts Acts 11:26. The term was first used to denote those known or perceived to be disciples of Christ. As an adjective, the term may describe an object associated with Christianity. For many this also means to be a member or adherent of one of the organized religious denominations of Christianity. The term Christian means "belonging to Christ" and is derived from the Greek noun Χριστός KhristÃ³s which means "anointed one," which is itself a translation of the Hebrew language Hebrew word Moshiach (Hebrew: משיח, also written "Messiah"), (and in Arabic it is pronounced Maseeh مسيح). According to the New Testament, those who followed Jesus as his disciples were first called Christians by those who did not share their faith, in the city of Antioch. Xian or Xtian is another word used to describe Christians and is similar to using Xmas in place of Christmas; the X or Xt used as a contraction for "Christ" ("X" resembles the Greek letter Î§ (Chi), the first letter of "Christ" in Greek (Î§Ï?Î¹ÏƒÏ„ÏŒÏ‚ [Christos]). The term "Christian" is used by various groups with diverse beliefs to describe themselves. Some people, including many born-again Christians, use a fairly specific definition of "Christian". They believe that in order to be a Christian, one must follow Jesus, and that the proof of this is found in agreeing to and following the doctrines set forth in the Bible. Many Christians are grouped into ecclesial communities called Christian denomination denominations which are separated by certain aspects of their respective beliefs and theologies. The liturgical denominations, including Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy, Roman and Eastern Catholicism, Anglicanism, and Lutheranism, along with many constituent components of the reformed traditions of Presbyterianism, Methodism, Moravianism, et al., teach that the title Christian is honorificly bestowed upon those who have accepted the command of Jesus Christ (in Mark 8 Mark 8:34) to "take up your cross and follow me". The public mark of a Christian is to receive the sacrament of Baptism, in the name of the Trinity Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Many denominations advocate pedobaptism infant baptism, in addition to that of adult converts. Others who refer to themselves as Christians require only that one believes that Jesus is the Son of God, that he died, and that he was resurrected from the dead, to claim the term Christian. Yet other Christian denominations require a formal commitment to become a member such as baptism in the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, such as with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Baptism for the LDS church is done once an individual has achieved an age of accountability, held to be the age of eight years, or when an individual joins the church as a convert. Other denominations (The Church of Christ, International Churches of Christ, and the Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ Independent Christian Churches) teach that the definition of a Christian is someone who has been baptized as a repenting adult â€œin the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.â€?â€“ (Matthew 28:19). For them, adult baptism is the transition from non-Christian to Christian. These varying definitions arise from different biblical interpretations and differences regarding the authority of scripture in context with tradition. A small but significant minority of ecclesiastical groups are often referred to as Christian by non-Christians, whose creeds consider Jesus to be theologically significant but not God. Movements along these lines include Jehovah's Witnesses.

History

Early times
Church is taken by some to refer to a single, universal community, although others contend that the doctrine of the universal church was not established until later. The doctrine of the universal, visible church was made explicit in the Apostles' Creed, while the less common Protestant notion of the universal, invisible church is not laid out explicitly until the Reformation. The universal church traditions generally espouse that the Church includes all who are baptized into her common faith, including the doctrines of the trinity, forgiveness of sins through the sacrificial action of Christ, and the resurrection of the body. These teachings are expressed in liturgy with the celebration of sacraments, visible signs of divine grace grace. They are passed down as the deposit of faith. Some minority traditions of Christianity have maintained that the word translated "church" in scripture most often properly refers to local bodies or assemblies. "Church" is a derivative of the Late Greek word "ÎºÏ…Ï?Î¹Î±ÎºÎ¿Î½", meaning Lord's house, which in English language English became "church". The Koine word for church is ÎµÎºÎºÎ»Î·ÏƒÎ¯Î± (ecclesia). Before Christian appropriation of the term, it was used to describe purposeful gatherings, including the assemblies of many Greek city states. Christians of this stripe maintain that a centralizing impulse in the church, present from the early days of the church through the rise of Constantine, represented a departure from true Christianity. They therefore reject the authority of the Nicene Creed or the Apostles' Creed.

The first millennium
Christian spirituality blossomed in the Roman Empire between 64 and 313 313 AD in spite of official efforts to suppress it. The earliest record of the use of the term is by Tacitus on Jesus Tacitus when he recorded that Nero blamed the "Christians" for the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD. Sometime around 200 200 AD, one leader, Tertullian, is quoted as saying, â€œThe blood of the martyrs is the seed [of the Church]â€? to account for this phenomenon of persecution of Christians. Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History 2.25[http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-01/Npnf2-01-07.htm#P1454_673662] recorded: "The Roman Tertullian is likewise a witness of this. He writes as follows: "Examine your records. There you will find that Nero was the first that persecuted this doctrine, particularly then when after subduing all the east, he exercised his cruelty against all at Rome. We glory in having such a man the leader in our punishment. For whoever knows him can understand that nothing was condemned by Nero unless it was something of great excellence."" In 313 AD, the Edict of Milan ended official persecution, and under the Emperor Constantine, Christians acquired powerful political influence, the results of which are controversial to this day, beginning with Constantine's First Council of Nicaea, sometimes called the Constantinian shift. In 390, Theodosius the Great declared Nicene Christianity the state religion of the empire. Christians developed hierarchical structures to lead the visible Church over the course of many centuries. From the early formation of the Church until the Great Schism in 1054 1054 AD, virtually all Christians subsisted within one Church as one visible organization, led locally by bishops, and regionally by patriarchs. However, minor divisions occurred over differences in doctrine as early as the Council of Chalcedon, and continued through the progression of ecumenical councils.

Medieval times
In Medieval Europe, the Roman Catholic Church was at its peak of Apostolic flourishment and spirituality. Not only was the Church and its organizations extremely devoted to Christianity, piously spreading the word of God through missionaries and established monastaries in many countries but through its dominant spiritual influence that eventually rivalled the political power of most Monarchs for support of the population. The majority of people of this age devoted their lives to God and it showed by the donations of land, money, and possessions to the church. In time, this made the Pope an important figure in the life of the continent. This wealth often expressed itself in the building of beautiful cathedrals which showed their great devotion and adoration to God. The Church's monastery monasteries were seats of learning and study which evolved into modern university universities. They also provided the first hospital hospitals for the care of the sick.

Modern times
The history of the Christian faith in modern times must be studied movement by movement, such is its diversity. In the Western world West, the Protestant Reformation profoundly conditioned the relationship between church and state, thus bringing to Christianity the idea of self-interpretation and the denouncement of visible unity. Intellectual pressure from the The Age of Enlightenment Enlightenment led to a religious reaction in the North American colonies — called the Great Awakening — to which Protestant North American Christians owe much of their pattern of practice. Widespread Christian mission (Christian) missions, founded by all segments of Christianity in response to the command of Jesus in Matthew 28 Matthew 28:19-20, have created today's situation in which Christians are to be found in almost every part of the world. Some Christians devote themselves to active participation in prophetic communication and miraculous healing, as represented in the early church and the pre-Christ Prophet prophets. They are categorized as Charismatic or Pentecostal, but can be found in other denominations, as well. Other movements within contemporary Christendom include the emergent church, fundamentalism, return to orthodoxy, messianic Judaism, liberalism, and the home church movement. The life of a Christian is still characterized by faith in the figure of Jesus as represented in the New Testament. Sacraments aside, the concept of divine grace grace is still uniquely Christian: the idea that spiritual wholeness comes only as a result of a gift from God.

See also
* Christian denominations * List of Christians * Christian anarchism * Christianophobia * Criticism of Christianity * Christian meditation * Christian-ism * 1904-1905 Welsh Revival and Welsh Methodist revival * Jew * Jesus in the Christian Bible * Jesus

External links

- Christianity, as defined by the Roman Catholic Church
- Usage of "Christian" in the Bible
- Christian Deism Category:Christianity af:Christene cs:KÅ™esÅ¥an de:Christ eo:Kristanismo es:Cristiano eu:Kristau fr:ChrÃ©tien it:Cristiano (religione) ja:ã‚¯ãƒªã‚¹ãƒ?ãƒ£ãƒ³ nl:Christen nds:Christ simple:Christian tl:Kristyano tr:Hristiyan zh:åŸºç?£å¾’

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