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Currency

*** Shopping-Tip: Currency
:''For current exchange rates, see Exchange rate#External links Exchange links''. {{Foreign Exchange}} A '''currency''' is a unit of exchange, facilitating the trade transfer of goods and services. It is a form of money, where money is defined as a medium of exchange (rather than e.g. a store of value). A '''currency zone''' is a country or region in which a specific currency is the dominant medium of exchange. To facilitate international trade trade between currency zones, there are exchange rates i.e. prices at which currencies (and the goods and services of individual currency zones) can be exchanged against each other. Currencies can be classified as either floating currency floating currencies or fixed currency fixed currencies based on their exchange rate regime. In common usage, currency sometimes refers to only paper money, as in "coins and currency", but this is misleading. Coins and paper money are both forms of currency. In most cases, each country has monopoly control over its own currency. Member countries of the European Monetary Union are a notable exception to this rule, as they have ceded control of monetary policy to the European Central Bank. In cases where a country does have control of its own currency, that control is exercised either by a central bank or by a Ministry of Finance. In either case, the institution that has control of monetary policy is referred to as the monetary authority. Monetary authorities have varying degrees of autonomy from the governments that create them. In the United States, the Federal Reserve operates with full independence from the government. It is important to note that a monetary authority is created and supported by its sponsoring government, so independence can be reduced or revoked by the legislative or executive authority that creates it. In almost all Western countries, the monetary authority is largely independent from the government. Several countries can use the same name, each for their own currency (e.g. Canadian dollars and US dollars), several countries can use the same currency (e.g. the euro), or a country can declare the currency of another country to be legal tender. For example, Panama and El Salvador have declared US currency to be legal tender, and from 1791-1857, Spanish silver coins were legal tender in the United States. At various times countries have either restamped foreign coins, or used currency board issuing one note of currency for each note of a foreign government held, as Ecuador currently does. Each currency typically has one fractional currency, often valued at 1/100 of the main currency: 100 Cent (currency) cents = 1 dollar, 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 pence = 1 pound (currency) pound. Units of 1/10 or 1/1000 are also common, but some currencies do not have any smaller units. Mauritania and Madagascar are the only remaining countries that do not use the decimal system; instead, the Mauritanian Mauritanian ouguiya ouguiya is divided into 5 khoum, while the Malagasy ariary is divided into 5 iraimbilanja. However, due to inflation, both fractional units have in practice fallen into disuse. See Non-decimal currencies for other (mostly historic) currencies with non-decimal divisions.

History


Early currency
The origin of currency is the creation of a circulating medium of exchange based on a store of value. Currency evolved from two basic innovations: the use of counters to assure that shipments arrived with the same goods that were shipped, and the use of silver ingots to represent stored value in the form of grain. Both of these developments had occurred by 2000 BC. This first stage of currency, where metals were used to represent stored value, and symbols to represent commodities, formed the basis of trade in the Fertile Crescent for over 1500 years. However, the collapse of the Near Eastern trading system pointed to a flaw: in an era where there was no place that was safe to store value, the value of a circulating medium could only be as sound as the forces that defended that store. Trade could only reach as far as the credibility of that military.

Coinage
These factors led to the shift of the store of value being the metal itself: at first silver, then both silver and gold. Metals were mined, weighed, and stamped into coins. This was to assure the individual taking the coin that he was getting a certain known weight of precious metal. Coins could be counterfeited, but they also created a new unit of account, which helped lead to banking. It was with Archimedes' principle that the next link in currency occurred: coins could now be easily tested for their fine weight of metal, and thus the value of a coin could be determined, even if it had been shaved, debased or otherwise tampered with (see Numismatics). In most major economies using coinage, copper, silver and gold formed three tiers of coins. Gold coins were used for large purchases, payment of the military and backing of state activities. Silver coins were used for large, but common, transactions, and as a unit of account for taxes, dues, contracts and fealty, while copper coins represented the coinage of common transaction. In Europe this system worked through the medieval period because there was virtually no new gold, silver or copper introduced through mining or conquest. Thus the overall ratios of the three coinages remained roughly equivalent. In China, however, the need for credit and for circulating medium led to the introduction of paper money, commonly known today as banknotes. In Europe paper money was first introduced in Sweden 1661. Sweden was rich on copper but because of copper's low value extraordinarily big coins had to be made. It was probably more convenient to have a note stating your possession of such a coin.

The era of hard and credit money
Paper money was, in one sense, a return to the oldest form of currency: it represented a store of value backed by the credibility of the issuing authority. Drafts and checks issued privately had been in intermittent use for centuries, however, it was with the rise of global trade that paper money would find a permanent place in currency. The advantages of paper currency were numerous: it reduced transport of gold and silver, and thus lowered the risks; it made loaning gold or silver at interest easier, since the specie (gold or silver) never left the possession of the lender until someone else redeemed the note; and it allowed for a division of currency into credit and specie backed forms. It enabled the sale of stock in joint stock companies, and the redemption of those shares in paper. However, these advantages held within them disadvantages. First, since a note has no intrinsic value, there was nothing to stop issuing authorities from printing more of it than they had specie to back it with. Second, because it created money that did not exist, it increased inflationary pressures, a fact observed by David Hume in the 18th century. The result is that paper money would often lead to an inflationary bubble, which could collapse if people began demanding hard money, causing the demand for paper notes to fall to zero. The printing of paper money was also associated with wars, and financing of wars, and therefore regarded as part of maintaining a standing army. For these reasons, paper currency was held in suspicion and hostility in Europe and America. It was also addictive, since the speculative profits of trade and capital creation were quite large. Major nations established mint (coin) mints to print money and mint coins, and branches of their treasury to collect taxes and hold gold and silver stock.

Legal tender era
With the creation of central banks, currency underwent several significant changes. During both the coinage and credit money eras the number of entities which had the ability to coin or print money was quite large. One could, literally, have "a license to print money"; many nobles had the right of coinage. Royal colonial companies, such as the Massachusetts Bay Company or the British East India Company could issue notes of credit—money backed by the promise to pay later, or exchangeable for payments owed to the company itself. This led to continual instability of the value of money. The exposure of coins to debasement and shaving, however, presented the same problem in another form: with each pair of hands a coin passed through, its value grew less. The solution which evolved beginning in the late 18th century and through the 19th century was the creation of a central monetary authority which had a virtual monopoly on issuing currency, and whose notes had to be accepted for "all debts public and private". The creation of a truly national currency, backed by the government's store of precious metals, and enforced by their military and governmental control over an area was, in its time, extremely controversial. Advocates of the old system of Free Banking repealed central banking laws, or slowed down the adoption of restrictions on local currency. (See Gold standard for a fuller discussion of the creation of a standard gold based currency). At this time both silver and gold were considered legal tender, and accepted by governments for taxes. However, the instability in the ratio between the two grew over the course of the 19th century, with the increase both in supply of these metals, particularly silver, and of trade. This is called bimetallism and the attempt to create a bimetallic standard where both gold and silver backed currency remained in circulation occupied the efforts of inflation inflationists. Governments at this point could use currency as an instrument of policy, printing paper currency such as the United States Greenback, to pay for military expenditures. They could also set the terms at which they would redeem notes for specie, by limiting the amount of purchase, or the minimum amount that could be redeemed. By 1900, most of the industrializing nations were on some form of gold standard, with paper notes and silver coins constituting the circulating medium. Governments too followed Gresham's Law: keeping gold and silver paid, but paying out in notes.

The paper money era
''See Banknote#History of Paper Money the history of paper money.''

Modern currencies
To find out which currency is used in a particular country, start at the countries of the world or look at the table of historical exchange rates. Nowadays International Organization for Standardization ISO have introduced a system, ''ISO 4217'', using three-letter codes to define currency (as opposed to simple names or currency signs), in order to remove the confusion that there are dozens of currencies called the dollar and many called the franc. Even the Pound (currency) pound is used in nearly a dozen different countries, all, of course, with wildly differing values. In general, the three-letter code uses the ''ISO 3166-1'' country code for the first two letters and the first letter of the name of the currency (D for dollar, for instance) as the third letter. The International Monetary Fund uses a variant system when referring to national currencies. :''For exchange rates, see Exchange rate#External links here.''

Privately-issued currencies
{{See also|Private currency}} From the earliest times token coins were issued by companies in remote parts of the world to overcome the shortage of circulating currency. Several large companies issue points to their customers, to be redeemed for products and services produced by that company. Often, a business network network of companies will join to share in the offering and redemption of points. While these can hardly be considered stable currency systems, they present many of the same features as "legitimate" currency: they are a store of value, issued in discrete units; they are controlled by a central issuing authority; and they have varying rates of exchange with other forms of currency. For example, frequent flyer miles can be bought using U.S. dollars. *Alternative currency: A currency such as the Liberty Dollar, with a one-to-one exchange rate with the U.S. Dollar. *Digital gold currency: Privately issued digital currency backed by gold *Frequent flyer miles: A type of private currency, different versions of which are issued by most major airlines to encourage customer loyalty. Other customer loyalty incentives have followed this model, including points systems offered by soft drink manufacturers such as PepsiCo. Metro Subway tokens, issued by city transit authorities, can be considered a highly specialized form of currency. *Scrip: A type of private currency where a certain value is captured, and used to purchase goods from a company. Examples of scrip include gift certificates, gift cards, and Disney Dollars or Canadian Tire Money. However, scrip is not considered a currency in itself, but merely a store of value, denominated in another currency.

Local currencies
{{See also|Local currency}} In economics, a local currency is a currency not backed by a national government, and intended to trade only in a small area. Advocates such as Jane Jacobs argue that this enables an economically depressed region to pull itself up, by giving the people living there a medium of exchange that they can use to exchange services and locally-produced goods (In a broader sense, this is the original purpose of all money.) Opponents of this concept argue that local currency creates a barrier which can interfere with economies of scale and comparative advantage, and that in some cases they can serve as a means of tax evasion. Local currencies can also come into being when there is economic turmoil involving the national currency. An example of this is the Argentine economic crisis of 2002 in which IOUs issued by local governments quickly took on some of the characteristics of local currencies.

Single global currency
With such developments as the euro allowing for facilitated trade and perhaps a corresponding increase in a wider identity, proposals for a single global currency have accelerated, even while it is recognized that several political and economic factors would need to be addressed and intermediate steps taken before such a concept might be accepted by the diverse nations of the world.

Circulating currencies
See List of currencies for a list of all current and historical currencies. See List of historical currencies or #Historical currencies historical currencies below for historical currencies. See List of circulating currencies for a list of currencies by country. The following is a list of currency '''names''' (denominations) of the world in alphabetic order by currency name:

A-E
*Afghan afghani Afghani - Afghanistan *Malagasy ariary Ariary - Madagascar *Thai baht Baht - Thailand *Panamanian balboa Balboa - Panama (United States dollar U.S. dollar used for paper money) *Ethiopian birr Birr - Ethiopia *Venezuelan bolívar Bolívar - Venezuela *Bolivian boliviano Boliviano - Bolivia *Ghanaian cedi Cedi - Ghana *Costa Rican colón Colón - Costa Rica *Nicaraguan córdoba Córdoba - Nicaragua *Gambian dalasi Dalasi - The Gambia *Macedonian Denar Denar - Republic of Macedonia Macedonia *Dinar ** Algerian dinar - Algeria ** Bahraini dinar - Bahrain ** Iraqi dinar - Iraq ** Jordanian dinar - Jordan, State of Palestine Palestine ** Kuwaiti dinar - Kuwait ** Libyan dinar - Libya ** Tunisian dinar - Tunisia ** Serbian dinar - Serbia ** Sudanese dinar - Sudan *Dirham ** Moroccan dirham - Morocco ** United Arab Emirates dirham - United Arab Emirates *São Tomé and Príncipe dobra Dobra - Sao Tome and Principe São Tomé and Príncipe *Dollar ** Australian dollar - Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island, Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu ** Barbados dollar - Barbados ** Bahamian dollar - Bahama ** Belize dollar - Belize ** Bermuda dollar - Bermuda ** Brunei dollar - Brunei ** Canadian dollar - Canada ** Cayman Islands dollar - Cayman Islands ** Cook Islands dollar - Cook Islands ** East Caribbean dollar - Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ** Fijian dollar - Fiji ** Guyanese dollar - Guyana ** Hong Kong dollar - Hong Kong ** International dollar - hypothetical currency pegged 1:1 to the United States dollar ** Jamaican dollar - Jamaica ** Kiribati dollar - Kiribati ** Liberian dollar - Liberia ** Namibian dollar - Namibia ** New Zealand dollar - New Zealand, Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau, Pitcairn Islands. ** Singapore dollar - Singapore ** Solomon Islands dollar - Solomon Islands ** Suriname dollar - Suriname ** New Taiwan dollar - Taiwan ** Trinidad and Tobago dollar - Trinidad and Tobago ** Tuvaluan dollar - Tuvalu (not an independent currency, equivalent to Australian dollar) ** United States dollar - United States of America; also used officially in several other countries: East Timor (has own East Timor centavo coins centavo coins), Ecuador (has own centavo coins), El Salvador, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau and Panama (has own Panamanian balboa Balboa currency) ** Zimbabwe dollar - Zimbabwe *Vietnamese dong Dong - Vietnam *Armenian dram Dram - Armenia * Cape Verdean escudo Escudo - Cape Verde *Euro - Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain ** Countries that have made legal agreements with the EU to use the euro: Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City ** Territories that unilaterally use the euro: Andorra, Montenegro, Kosovo ** Currencies pegged to the euro: Cape Verdean escudo, CFA franc, CFP franc, Comorian franc, Bulgarian lev, Estonian kroon, Lithuanian litas, Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark

F-M
*Aruban florin Florin - Aruba *Hungarian forint Forint - Hungary *Franc ** Burundian franc - Burundi ** CFA franc - Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo ** CFP franc - New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna ** Comorian franc - Comoros ** Congolese franc - Democratic Republic of Congo (replaced in 1967, re-established in 1998) ** Djiboutian franc - Djibouti ** Guinean franc - Guinea (replaced in 1971, re-established in 1985) ** Malagasy franc - Madagascar (replaced by Ariary in 2004) ** Rwandan franc - Rwanda ** Swiss franc - Switzerland, Liechtenstein. *Haitian gourde Gourde - Haiti *Paraguayan guaraní Guaraní - Paraguay *Netherlands Antillean gulden Gulden - Netherlands Antilles *Ukrainian hryvnia Hryvnia - Ukraine *Papua New Guinea kina Kina - Papua New Guinea *Lao kip Kip - Laos *Koruna ** Czech koruna - Czech Republic ** Slovak koruna - Slovakia *Estonian kroon Kroon - Estonia *Króna ** Faroese króna - Faroe Islands (not an independent currency, equivalent to Danish krone) ** Icelandic króna - Iceland *Swedish krona Krona - Sweden *Krone ** Danish krone - Denmark, Greenland ** Norwegian krone - Norway *Croatian kuna Kuna - Croatia *Kwacha ** Malawian kwacha - Malawi ** Zambian kwacha - Zambia *Angolan kwanza Kwanza - Angola *Myanmar kyat Kyat - Myanmar *Latvian lat Lat - Latvia *Georgian lari Lari - Georgia (country) Georgia *Albanian lek Lek - Albania *Honduran lempira Lempira - Honduras *Sierra Leonean leone Leone - Sierra Leone *Leu ** Moldovan leu - Republic of Moldova Moldova ** Romanian leu - Romania *Bulgarian lev Lev - Bulgaria *Swazi lilangeni Lilangeni - Swaziland *Lira ** Maltese lira - Malta ** Turkish new lira - Turkey *Lithuanian litas Litas - Lithuania *Lebanese livre Livre - Lebanon *Lesotho loti Loti - Lesotho *Manat ** Azeri manat - Azerbaijan ** Turkmenistani manat - Turkmenistan *Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark Mark, convertible - Bosnia and Herzegovina *Mozambican metical Metical - Mozambique

N-R
*Eritrean nakfa Nakfa - Eritrea *Nigerian naira Naira - Nigeria *Bhutanese ngultrum Ngultrum - Bhutan *Mauritanian ouguiya Ouguiya - Mauritania *Tongan pa'anga Pa'anga - Tonga *Macanese pataca Pataca - Macau *Peso ** Argentine peso - Argentina ** Chilean peso - Chile ** Colombian peso - Colombia ** Cuban peso, Cuban convertible peso - Cuba ** Dominican peso - Dominican Republic ** Mexican peso - Mexico ** Philippine peso - Philippines ** Uruguayan peso - Uruguay *Pound (currency) Pound ** British pound British pound (sterling) - United Kingdom ** Cyprus pound - Cyprus ** Egyptian pound - Egypt ** Falkland pound - Falkland Islands ** Gibraltar pound - Gibraltar ** Guernsey pound - Guernsey ** Isle of Man pound - Isle of Man ** Jersey pound - Jersey ** Saint Helenian pound - Saint Helena ** Sudanese pound (New) Sudanese pound - Southern Sudan ** Syrian pound - Syria *Botswana pula Pula - Botswana *Guatemalan quetzal Quetzal - Guatemala *South African rand Rand - South Africa *Brazilian real Real - Brazil *Renminbi - People's Republic of China *Rial ** Iranian rial - Iran ** Omani rial - Oman ** Yemeni rial - Yemen *Cambodian riel Riel - Cambodia *Malaysian ringgit Ringgit - Malaysia *Riyal ** Qatari riyal - Qatar ** Saudi riyal - Saudi Arabia *Ruble ** Belarusian ruble - Belarus ** Russian ruble - Russia ** Transnistrian ruble - Transnistria (non-recognized currency) *Maldivian rufiyah Rufiyah - Maldives *Rupee ** Indian rupee - India ** Mauritian rupee - Mauritius ** Nepalese rupee - Nepal ** Pakistani rupee - Pakistan ** Seychelles rupee - Seychelles ** Sri Lankan rupee - Sri Lanka *Indonesian rupiah Rupiah - Indonesia

S-Z
*Israeli new sheqel Sheqel - Israel, Gaza Strip, West Bank *Shilling ** Kenyan shilling - Kenya ** Somali shilling - Somalia ** Tanzanian shilling - Tanzania ** Ugandan shilling - Uganda *Peruvian sol Sol - Peru *Som ** Kyrgyzstani som - Kyrgyzstan ** Uzbekistani som - Uzbekistan *Tajikistani somoni Somoni - Tajikistan *Bangladeshi taka Taka - Bangladesh *Samoan tala Tala - Samoa *Kazakhstani tenge Tenge - Kazakhstan *Slovenian tolar Tolar - Slovenia *Mongolian tugrug Tugrug - Mongolia *Vanuatu vatu Vatu - Vanuatu *Won ** North Korean won - North Korea ** South Korean won - South Korea *Japanese yen Yen - Japan *Yuan **Chinese renminbi yuan - People's Republic of China **New Taiwan dollar Taiwanese yuan (New Taiwan dollar) - Republic of China (Taiwan) *Polish złoty Złoty - Poland

Historical currencies
See also List of historical currencies.

Ancient Greece
*Drachma

Ancient Rome
*Antoninianus *As (coin) As *Denarius *Dupondius *Sestertius

Ancient Persia
*Achaemenid currency

Africa
*Gold Coast ackey Ackey - Gold Coast (British colony) Gold Coast *Algerian budju Budju - Algeria *Angolan angolar Angolar - Angola *Axum coinage Axum denarius - Axum *Dollar **Mauritian dollar - Mauritius **Rhodesian dollar - Rhodesia **Sierra Leone dollar - Sierra Leone *Escudo **Angolan escudo - Angola **Mozambican escudo - Mozambique **Portuguese Guinea escudo - Guinea Bissau **São Tomé and Príncipe escudo - São Tomé and Príncipe *Equatorial Guinean ekwele Ekwele (Ekuele) - Equatorial Guinea *East African florin Florin - Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania and Uganda *Franc **Katangan franc - Katanga **Moroccan franc - Morocco **Malagasy franc - Madagascar **Malian franc - Mali **Tunisian franc - Tunisia *Lira **Italian East African lira - Italian East Africa **Italian Somaliland lira - Italian Somaliland *German South West African mark Mark - German South West Africa *Equatorial Guinean peseta Peseta - Equatorial Guinea *Guinea Bissau peso Peso - Guinea Bissau *Pound (currency) Pound **Biafran pound - Biafra **Gambian pound - Gambia **Ghanaian pound - Ghana **Libyan pound - Libya **Malawian pound - Malawi Malaŵi **Nigerian pound - Nigeria **Rhodesian pound - Rhodesia **Rhodesia and Nyasaland pound - Rhodesia and Nyasaland **South African pound - South Africa **Southern Rhodesian pound - Southern Rhodesia **Sudanese pound - Sudan **West African pound - Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone **Zambian pound - Zambia *Real **Angolan real - Angola **Cape Verde real - Cape Verde **Mozambican real - Mozambique **Portuguese Guinea real - Guinea Bissau **São Tomé and Príncipe real - São Tomé and Príncipe *Rial **Moroccan rial Rial - Morocco **Tunisian rial - Tunisia *Rupee **East African rupee - Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania and Uganda **German East African rupie - Burundi, Rwanda and Tanzania **Zanzibari rupee - Zanzibar *East African shilling Shilling - Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania and Uganda *Italian Somaliland somalo Somalo - Italian Somaliland *Guinean syli Syli - Guinea *Eritrean tallero Tallero - Eritrea *Zairean zaire Zaïre - Zaïre

America
*Argentine austral Austral - Argentina *El Salvadoran colón Colón - El Salvador *Continental Currency - Colonial America *Brazilian cruzado Cruzado - Brazil *Brazilian cruzeiro Cruzeiro - Brazil *Brazilian cruzeiro real Cruzeiro Real - Brazil *Danish West Indies daler Daler - Danish West Indies *Dollar **Puerto Rican dollar - Puerto Rico **Hawaiian dollar - Hawaii **New Brunswick dollar - New Brunswick **Newfoundland dollar - Newfoundland **Nova Scotian dollar - Nova Scotia *Chilean escudo Escudo - Chile *British Guiana guilder Guilder - British Guiana *Suriname gulden Gulden - Suriname *Peruvian inti Inti - Peru *Haitian livre Livre - Haiti *Peso **Bolivian peso - Bolivia **Costa Rican peso - Costa Rica **El Salvadoran peso - El Salvador **Guatemalan peso - Guatemala **Honduran peso - Honduras **Nicaraguan peso - Nicaragua **Paraguayan peso - Paraguay **Puerto Rican peso - Puerto Rico **Venezuelan peso - Venezuela *Pound (currency) Pound **Bahamian pound - Bahamas **Canadian pound - Canada **Connecticut pound - Connecticut **Delaware pound - Delaware **Georgia pound - Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia **Jamaican pound - Jamaica **Maryland pound - Maryland **Massachusetts pound - Massachusetts **New Hampshire pound - New Hampshire **New Jersey pound - New Jersey **New York pound - New York **North Carolina pound - North Carolina **Pennsylvania pound - Pennsylvania **Rhode Island pound - Rhode Island **South Carolina pound - South Carolina **Virginia pound - Virginia *Real **Argentine real - Argentina **Central American Republic real - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua **Colombian real - Colombia **Ecuadorian real - Ecuador **Honduran real - Honduras **Mexican real - Mexican **Paraguayan real - Paraguay **Peruvian real - Peru **Spanish colonial real - Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela *Danish West Indies rigsdaler Rigsdaler - Danish West Indies *Bolivian scudo Scudo - Bolivia *Ecuadorian sucre Sucre - Ecuador *Trade dollar - United States of America *Venezuelan venezolano Venezolano - Venezuela

Asia
*Georgian abazi Abazi - Georgia (country) Georgia *Tuvan akÅŸa AkÅŸa - Tuva *Dollar **Malayan dollar - Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore **Mongolian dollar - Mongolia **Sarawak dollar - Sarawak **Straits dollar - Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore **Taiwan dollar - Taiwan **Kiautschou dollar - Qingdao *Escudo **Portuguese Indian escudo - Portuguese India **Portuguese Timor escudo - East Timor *Madras fanam Fanam - Madras Presidency *Cambodian franc Franc - Cambodia *Netherlands Indies gulden Gulden - Netherlands Indies *South Korean hwan Hwan - South Korea *Kutch kori Kori - Kutch *Maldivian laari Laari - Maldives *Turkish lira Lira - Turkey *Nepalese mohar Mohar - Nepal *Japanese mon Mon - Japan *Korean mun Mun - Korea *Portuguese Timor pataca Pataca - Portuguese Timor *French Indochinese piastre Piastre - Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam *Brunei pitis Pitis - Brunei *Pound (currency) Pound **Israeli pound - Israel **Palestinian pound - British Mandate of Palestine Palestine *North Yemeni rial Rial - North Yemen *Ceylonese rixdollar Rixdollar - Sri Lanka *Netherlands Indies roepiah Roepiah - Netherlands Indies *Ruble **Armenian ruble - Armenia **Azeri ruble - Azerbaijan **Georgian ruble - Georgia (country) Georgia **Tajikistani ruble - Tajikistan *Rupee **Afghan rupee - Afghanistan **Bhutanese rupee - Bhutan **Burmese rupee - Burma **Danish Indian rupee - Danish India **French Indian rupee - French India **Gulf rupee - Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and UAE **Hyderabad rupee - Hyderabad state Hyderabad **Portuguese Indian rupia - Portuguese India **Travancore rupee - Travancore *Rupiah **Riau rupiah - Riau **West New Guinea rupiah - West New Guinea *Tibetan srang Srang - Tibet *Chinese tael Tael - China *Tibetan tangka Tangka - Tibet *Tenga **Bukharan tenga - Bukhara **Kokand tenga - Kokand **Khwarazmi tenga - Khwarazm *Cambodian tical Tical - Cambodia *Iranian toman Toman - Iran *Chinese wen Wen - China *Korean yang Yang - Korea *Chinese yuan Yuan - China

Australasia
*New Hebrides franc Franc - New Hebrides *New Guinea mark Mark - New Guinea *Pound (currency) Pound **Australian pound - Australia **Fijian pound - Fiji **New Guinea pound - New Guinea **New Zealand pound - New Zealand **Oceania pound - Kiribati, Nauru, New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu **Samoan pound - Samoa **Solomon Islands pound - Solomon Islands **Tongan pound - Tonga

Europe
*14 national currencies which were replaced by the euro in 2002: **Austrian schilling **Belgian franc **Dutch gulden **Finnish markka **French franc **German mark **Greek drachma **Irish pound **Italian lira **Luxembourgian franc **Portuguese escudo **San Marinese lira **Spanish peseta **Vatican lira *Conventionsthaler - Holy Roman Empire *Daler **Danish rigsdaler Rigsdaler - Denmark and Norway **Dutch rijkdaalder Rijkdaalder - Netherlands **Swedish riksdaler Riksdaler - Sweden **Norwegian speciedaler Speciedaler - Norway *Dinar **Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar - Bosnia and Herzegovina **Croatian dinar - Croatia **Krajina dinar - Republic of Serbian Krajina Krajina **Republika Srpska dinar - Republika Srpska **Yugoslav dinar - Yugoslavia *Tuscan fiorino Fiorino - Tuscany *Florin **Austrian florin - Austria **Lombardy-Venetia florin - Lombardy-Venetia *Frank (Franc) **Saar franc Frank - Saar (protectorate) Saar **Westphalian frank Frank - Kingdom of Westphalia Westphalia *Luccan franco Franco - Lucca *Ionian gazeta Gazeta - Ionian Islands *Gulden **Austro-Hungarian gulden - Austria-Hungary **Baden gulden - Baden **Bavarian gulden - Bavaria **Danzig gulden - Danzig **South German gulden - Baden, Bavaria, Frankfurt, Hohenzollern, Württemberg and other states **Württemberg gulden - Württemberg *Ukrainian karbovanets Karbovanets - Ukraine *Kronenthaler **Kronenthaler Holy Roman Empire Kronenthaler - Holy Roman Empire **Austrian Netherlands kronenthaler Kronenthaler - Belgium *Koruna **Czechoslovak koruna - Czechoslovakia **Slovak koruna (WWII) Slovak koruna - Slovakia (Second World War) *Lira **Luccan lira - Lucca **Neapolitan lira - Naples (Kingdom of Joachim Murat) **Papal States lira - Papal States **Parman lira - Parma **Sardinian lira - Kingdom of Sardinia Sardinia **Turkish lira - Turkey **Tuscan lira - Tuscany **Venetian lira - Venice *French livre Livre - France *Mark **Danzig mark - Danzig **Hamburg mark - Hamburg **Saar mark - Saar (protectorate) Saar *Polish mark Marka - Poland *Ionian obol Obol - Ionian Islands *German ostmark Ostmark - Lithuania *German ostruble Ostruble - Lithuania *Perper ** Serbian perper ** Montenegrin perper *Piastra **Neapolitan piastra - Mainland part of Two Sicilies **Sicilian piastra - Sicily **Two Sicilies piastra - Two Sicilies *Real **Azorean real - Azores **Gibraltar real - Gibraltar **Spanish real - Spain (plural reales) **Portuguese real - Portugal (plural réis) *Reichsthaler - Germany *Latvian ruble Rubłi - Latvia *Scudo **Lombardy-Venetia scudo - Lombardy-Venetia **Milanese scudo - Duchy of Milan Milan **Papal States scudo - Papal States **Maltese scudo - Malta *Spanish peso Peso - Spain *Lithuanian talonas Talonas - Lithuania *Thaler - Germany, Austria, Hungary **Bremen thaler - Bremen **Danzig thaler - Danzig **Hannovarian thaler - Hannover **Hesse-Kassel thaler - Hesse-Kassel **Mecklenburg thaler - Mecklenburg **Prussian thaler - Prussia **Saxon thaler - Mecklenburg **Westphalian thaler - Kingdom of Westphalia Westphalia *Vereinsthaler **Hannovarian vereinsthaler - Hannover **Hesse-Kassel vereinsthaler - Hesse-Kassel **Mecklenburg vereinsthaler - Mecklenburg **Prussian vereinsthaler - Prussia **Saxon vereinsthaler - Mecklenburg *Kraków złoty Złoty - Kraków

Accounting units
*Franc Poincaré *Special Drawing Rights *European Currency Unit *Currency sign *Krugerrand *Fictional currency *Local currencies *Petrocurrency *Currency Pair

Proposed currencies
*Eco (currency) Eco *Mozambican metica Metica - Mozambique *Montenegrin perun Perun - Montenegro *Amero *East African shilling

Lists
*List of circulating currencies *List of historical currencies *List of currencies *List of motifs on banknotes *List of international trade topics *List of historical exchange rates

See also
*ISO 4217 Currency codes *Non-decimal currencies *exchange rate *Foreign Exchange *Foreign exchange trading *Foreign exchange market *Foreign exchange service *Optimal Currency Area

External links

- Coin Community Currency Forum - A free coin and currency collecting community. Novice collectors to experienced dealers gather here to share knowledge.
- currency converter
- Table of currencies (from dictionary.com)
- Historical Currency Charts, Matrix & Converter
- Minting New Security
- Types of Foreign Currency Hedging Vehicles
- http://www.banknotes.com
- http://www.banknoteworld.com
- Foreign Currency Trading Articles
- Ad-Free website on worldwide currencies with short Descrption and Pictures
- World Paper Money Picture Catalog

Records

- A site compiling information on currency and currency-related world records Category:Currency Category:Foreign exchange market ar:عملة bg:Валута be:Валюта cs:MÄ›na da:Valuta de:Währung es:Divisa eo:Valuto fr:Devise (monnaie) ga:Airgeadra gl:Moeda ko:통화 hr:Valuta id:Mata uang is:Gjaldmiðill it:Valuta he:מטבע ka:ვáƒ?ლუტáƒ? lt:Valiuta hu:Pénznem nl:Lijst van munteenheden ja:通貨 no:Valuta nn:Valuta pl:Waluta pt:Moeda ru:Валюта simple:Currency sr:Валута fi:Valuutta sv:Valuta th:สà¸?ุลเงิน uk:Валюта zh:æµ?通貨幣 This is a :Category category for topics relating to currency in general. Category:Numismatics Category:Payment systems ar:تصنيÙ?:عملات ast:Categoría:Monedes bg:КатегориÑ?:Парични единици zh-min-nan:Category:Hè-pè be:КатÑ?горыÑ?:Валюты ca:Categoria:Monedes cs:Kategorie:MÄ›ny da:Kategori:Møntenheder de:Kategorie:Währung es:Categoría:Monedas eo:Kategorio:Monunuoj fr:Catégorie:Monnaie ko:분류:통화 hr:Kategorija:Novac id:Kategori:Mata Uang it:Categoria:Valute la:Categoria:Monetae lt:Kategorija:Valiuta lb:Category:Währungen ms:Kategori:Mata wang mo:Category:МонедÑ? nl:Categorie:Munteenheid ja:Category:通貨 no:Kategori:Valuta oc:Categoria:Moneda pl:Kategoria:Waluty pt:Categoria:Moedas ro:Categorie:Monedă ru:КатегориÑ?:Валюты sk:Kategória:Mena sl:Kategorija:Valute sr:Категорија:Ð?овац sv:Kategori:Valutor th:Category:สà¸?ุลเงิน zh:Category:è´§å¸? see Template:Money

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