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Cycloalkane
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image:cyclobutane.png frame|right|cyclobutane
'''Cycloalkanes''' are
chemical compounds with a one or more rings of
carbons to which
hydrogens are attached according to the formula C
nH
2n. Cycloalkanes with a single ring are named analogously to their normal
alkane counterpart of the same carbon count:
cyclopropane,
cyclobutane,
cyclopentane,
cyclohexane, etc. The larger cycloalkanes, with greater than 20 carbon atoms are typically called cycloparaffins.
Cycloalkanes are classified into small, normal and bigger cycloalkanes, where cyclopropane and cyclobutane are the small ones, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane are the normal ones, and the rest are the bigger ones.
Nomenclature
:''See also:
IUPAC nomenclature''
The naming of polycyclic alkanes such as
bicyclic alkanes and
spiro compound spiro alkanes is more complex, with the base name indicating the number of carbons in the ring system, a prefix indicating the number of rings (eg, "bicyclo"), and a numeric prefix before that indicating the number of carbons in each part of each ring, exclusive of vertices. For instance, a bicyclooctane which consists of a six-member ring and a four member ring, which share two adjacent carbon atoms which form a shared edge, is [4.2.0]-bicyclooctane. That part of the six-member ring, exclusive of the shared edge has 4 carbons. That part of the four-member ring, exclusive of the shared edge, has 2 carbons. The edge itself, exclusive of the two vertices that define it, has 0 carbons.
The group of cycloalkanes are also known as '''naphthenes''', as they are compounds of
petroleum or
naphtha
Reactions
The simple and the bigger cycloalkanes are very stable, like
alkanes, and their reactions for example
radical substitution radical chain reactions, are like alkanes.
The small cycloalkanes - particularly cyclopropane - have a lower stability due to
Baeyer strain theory Baeyer strain and
ring strain. They react similar to
alkenes, though they don't react in
electrophilic addition but in
nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. These reactions are ring opening reactions or ring cleavage reactions of
alkyl cycloalkanes. Cycloalkanes can be formed in a
Diels-Alder reaction.
External links
{{wikibookspar||Cycloalkanes}}
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http://chipo.chem.uic.edu/web1/ocol/SB/2-2.htm
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ExxonMobil's Exxsol product FAQ. Exxsol is mostly cycloalkanes
Category:Cycloalkanes *
de:Cycloalkane
el:Κυκλοαλκάνια
es:Cicloalcano
fr:Cycloalcane
ko:사��로알케�
it:Cicloalcani
ja:シクãƒã‚¢ãƒ«ã‚«ãƒ³
pt:Cicloalcano
sr:Циклоалкан
vi:Cycloankan
zh:环烷烃
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