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Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
*** Shopping-Tip: Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
:''Edward Smith-Stanley redirects here; for other persons with that name, see
Edward Stanley, Lord Stanley''
{{Infobox PM
| name=The Earl of Derby
| image=14th Earl of Derby.jpg
| country=the United Kingdom
| term=
23 February 1852 –
December 19 185220 February 1858 –
12 June 185928 June 1866 –
27 February 1868
| before=
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell The Lord John RussellHenry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston The Viscount PalmerstonJohn Russell, 1st Earl Russell The Earl Russell
| after=
George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen The Earl of AberdeenHenry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston The Viscount PalmerstonBenjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield Benjamin Disraeli
| date_birth=
March 29,
1799
| place_birth=
Knowsley Park,
Lancashire,
England
| date_death =
October 23,
1869
| place_death = Knowsley Park, Lancashire, England
| party=
Conservative Party (UK) Conservative
}}
Image:Edward-Smith-Stanley-arms.PNG thumb|right|150px|Arms of Edward Smith-Stanley
'''Edward George Geoffrey Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby''',
Order of the Garter KG,
Privy Council of the United Kingdom PC (
29 March 1799–
23 October 1869) was a
United Kingdom British statesman, three times
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and is to date the longest serving leader of the
Conservative Party (UK) Conservative Party. He was known before
1834 as '''Edward Stanley''', and from
1834 to
1851 as '''Lord Stanley'''.
Stanley, a descendant of the
Earls of Derby, was educated at
Eton College Eton and
Christ Church, Oxford. He was elected to Parliament as a
Whig in
1820. When the Whigs returned to power in
1830, Stanley became
Chief Secretary for Ireland in
Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey Lord Grey's Government, and entered the Cabinet in
1831. In
1833, Stanley moved up to the more important position of
Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. Stanley, a conservative Whig, broke with the ministry over the disestablishment of the
Church of Ireland in
1834, and resigned from the government.
Joining the Conservatives, Stanley again served as Colonial Secretary in
Robert Peel Sir Robert Peel's second government in
1841. In
1844 he was summoned to the
House of Lords in his father's
Earl of Derby Baron of Stanley by Writ of Acceleration. In
1845, he again broke with his Prime Minister, this time over the repeal of the
Corn Laws, and managed to bring the majority of the Conservative party with him, (including, among others, the young
Benjamin Disraeli). He thereafter led the protectionist rump of the Conservative Party. In
1851 he succeeded his father as Earl of Derby.
In February
1852, following the collapse of the Whig Government of
Lord John Russell, Derby formed a minority Government, the member of which who would gain most future prominence was Disraeli as
Chancellor of the Exchequer. With many former Conservative ministers having followed Peel, Derby was forced to appoint many new men to office — of the Cabinet only three were pre-existing
Privy Council of the United Kingdom Privy Counsellors. It is said that when the aged
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Duke of Wellington heard the list of ministers being read out in the House of Lords he kept asking "Who? Who?" and this has led the government to be labelled the "
Who? Who? Ministry".
Traditionally Derby is regarded as a weak Prime Minister whose ministries were dominated by Disraeli, however recent research suggests that this was not always the case. In the area of foreign policy, Disraeli proved highly marginal, with Derby and his
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Foreign Secretaries James Howard Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury Lord Malmesbury and later his son
Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby Lord Stanley between them pursuing a course of action that was aimed at building up power through financial strength, seeking to avoid wars at all costs, cooperating with any other powers as needs be and working through the
Concert of Europe to resolve problems. This contrasted heavily with the policy of military strength and prestige that Disraeli would later pursue, but during the Derby ministries it was the driving thinking on foreign policy and could be argued to be the precursor of the "
splendid isolation" and the diplomatic settlement of Europe pursued by later Conservatives in the late
19th century and the
1930s respectively.
Derby and Disraeli were unable to achieve a parliamentary majority, however, and the government collapsed in December of the same year, making way for a
Peelite-
Whig coalition under
George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen Lord Aberdeen.
In
1858, Derby formed another minority government upon the collapse of
Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston Lord Palmerston's first government, with Disraeli again at the Exchequer and Leader of the Commons. Among the notable achievements of this administration were the end of the
British East India Company following the
Sepoy Mutiny, which brought India under direct British control for the first time. Once again, the government was short-lived, collapsing after only a year.
Derby returned to power for the last time in
1866, following the collapse of
Lord John Russell Lord Russell's second government. Once again, Disraeli was the leading figure. This administration was particularly notable for the passage of the
Reform Act of 1867, which greatly expanded the
suffrage. In early 1868, Derby retired from political life, leaving Disraeli to succeed him.
Although noted as a great orator, Derby was frequently criticized for his languid leadership. Nevertheless, he had many significant achievements, both as minister and Prime Minister, and is considered to be the father of the modern Conservative Party. His tenure as undisputed leader of the party lasted for 22 years - to date the all time record for the party.
His first son was
Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby Edward Henry Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby.
Derby's Governments
*
Who? Who? Ministry First Derby Ministry (1852)
*
Second Derby Ministry (1858–1859)
*
Third Derby Ministry (1866–1868)
{{start box}}
{{succession box | before=
Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge Sir Henry Hardinge | title=
Chief Secretary for Ireland .html">John Cam Hobhouse
Sir John Cam Hobhouse}}
{{succession box | before=
Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich The Viscount Goderich | title=
Secretary of State for War and the Colonies .html">Thomas Spring Rice, 1st Baron Monteagle
Thomas Spring Rice}}
{{succession box | before=
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell The Lord John Russell | title=
Secretary of State for War and the Colonies | years=1841–1845 | after=
William Ewart Gladstone}}
{{succession box | before=
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington The Duke of Wellington | title=
Leaders of the Conservative Party Conservative Leader in the Lords | years=1846–1868 | after=
James Howard Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury The Earl of Malmesbury}}
{{succession box | before=
Robert Peel Sir Robert Peel, Bt | title=
Leaders of the Conservative Party Leader of the British Conservative Party | after=
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield Benjamin Disraeli | years=1846–1868}}
{{succession box | before=
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell The Lord John Russell | title=
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom .html">George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen
The Earl of Aberdeen}}
{{succession box | before=
Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston The Viscount Palmerston | title=
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom .html">Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston
The Viscount Palmerston}}
{{succession box | before=
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell The Earl Russell | title=
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom .html">Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield
Benjamin Disraeli}}
{{end box}}
{{start box}}
{{succession box | title=
Stockbridge (UK Parliament constituency) Member for Stockbridge | before=
Joseph Foster-Barham | after=
Thomas Grosvenor | years=1822–1826}}
{{succession box | title=
Windsor (UK Parliament constituency) Member for Windsor | before=
Richard Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian Richard Vivian | after=
Samuel Pechell Sir Samuel Pechell | years=1831–1832}}
{{succession box | title=
North Lancashire (UK Parliament constituency) Member for North Lancashire | before=None | after=
John Clifton | years=1832–1844}}
{{end box}}
{{start box}}
{{succession box two to two | before=
Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby Edward Smith-Stanley | title1=
Earl of Derby .html">Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby
Edward Stanley | title2=
Earl of Derby Baron Stanley'''(by Writ of Acceleration) | years2='''1844–1869 | years1=1851–1869}}
{{end box}}
{{UKPrimeMinisters}}
{{ConservativePartyLeader}}
Category:1799 births Derby, Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of
Category:1869 deaths Derby, Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of
Category:British MPs Derby, Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of
Category:British Secretaries of State Derby, Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of
Category:Earls in the Peerage of England Derby, Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of
Category:Knights of the Garter Derby, Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of
Category:Leaders of the British Conservative Party Derby, Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of
Category:Natives of Lancashire Derby, Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of
Category:Old Etonians Derby, Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of
Category:Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom Derby, Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of
de:Edward Geoffrey Smith Stanley, 14. Earl of Derby
it:Edward Geoffrey Smith Stanley
ja:ダービー伯エドワード・ジョフリー・スミス・スタンレー
sv:Edward Stanley Derby
zh:爱德�·�弗里·�密斯·斯�利
*** Shopping-Tip: Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
