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Francis Bacon (painter)
*** Shopping-Tip: Francis Bacon (painter)
'''Francis Bacon''' (
28 October 1909 –
28 April 1992) was an
Anglo-Irish painter,
atheist,
gambler and ''
bon vivant''. He was a collateral descendant of the
Elizabethan philosopher
Francis Bacon (philosopher) Francis Bacon.
His artwork was well-known for its bold, abstract, and often grotesque or nightmarish imagery.
Image:Francis Bacon Henri Cartier-Bresson.jpg right|thumb|200px|Francis Bacon in his studio, 1952 Henri Cartier-Bresson
Early life
Francis Bacon was born at 63 Lower Baggot Street, a
nursing home in
Dublin,
Ireland to
England English parents - Eddy Bacon, forty, a retired Captain in the
Hussars turned
thoroughbred racehorse-trainer, and Winnie Bacon (née Firth), twenty six. His brother Harley was four. Francis was cared for by Jessie Lightfoot, age thirty nine, the family nurse. Bacon was a sickly child, with
asthma, and a violent
allergy to dogs and horses. He was given
morphine to ease his suffering during attacks. The family moved back and forth between Ireland and England several times while he was growing up. In 1911 the family was at Cannycourt House, in the
parish of Giltown near
Kilcullen,
County Kildare, fifteen miles (24 km) from
the Curragh. Just before the
Great War 1914 War was starting, Bacon remembers the
United Kingdom British Cavalry regiment (one of two barracked at the Curragh) galloping up the drive of the house and carrying out manoeuvres.{{ref|Davies}}
His family took a house in Westbourne Terrace, near
Paddington station,
London. While Eddy Bacon worked at the Territorial Force Records Office, at
London Wall, Nanny Lightfoot would take Francis for daily walks in
Hyde Park, London Hyde Park.
Abbeyleix
On their return to Ireland, after the Great War, Francis was sent to live for a time with his maternal grandmother, Winifred Supple (née Firth), and her husband, Kerry, at their house called Farmleigh, near
Abbeyleix, in
County Laois. Afterwards, Eddy Bacon bought Farmleigh from his mother-in-law. In
1921, Ianthe Bacon was born at Farmleigh. The family moved to Straffan Lodge,
Naas,
County Kildare, where Winifred in
1922 and Edward Bacon in
1923, were born.
Although shy in public as a child, Francis adored dressing up and talking about clothes. His fondness for dressing up as a girl, and his
effeminacy enraged his father. The story of his father having Francis horsewhipped by the Irish
groom (horses) grooms, which emerged in 1992,{{ref|Blackwood}} if true, may have decided his
masochism. By the age of fourteen he was engaging in
sodomy with the grooms. In 1924 his parents moved to
Gloucestershire, first Prescott House in
Gotherington, then Linton Hall, near the boundary with
Herefordshire. Francis spent eighteen months
boarding school boarding at
Dean Close School,
Cheltenham, from the third term of
1924 until April
1926 - his only brush with a formal education - and he ran away after several weeks.
At a
fancy-dress party at Cavendish Hall,
Suffolk, the Firth family house, Francis dressed up as a
flapper with an
Eton crop, beaded dress,
lipstick, high heels, and a long cigarette holder. The family moved back to Ireland, and Straffan Lodge, in 1926. His sister, Ianthe, recalls that Bacon made drawings of 1920s ladies with
cloche hats and long cigarette holders{{ref|Ianthe}}. Later that year, Francis was banished from Straffan Lodge following an incident in which his father found him in front of a large
mirror trying on his mother's underwear.
London, Berlin and Paris
Bacon spent the Autumn and Winter of 1926 in London, with the help of an allowance of £3 a week from his mother's trust fund, living on his instincts, simply 'drifting', and reading
Nietzsche. When he was broke, Bacon found that, by the very simple expedient of rent-dodging and petty theft, he could manage a reasonable economy.
To supplement his income, Bacon very briefly tried domestic service, but, although he enjoyed cooking, quickly became bored, and resigned. He was
termination of employment sacked from a job answering the telephone for a shop in Poland Street,
Soho, that sold women's clothes wholesale, after writing a 'poison-pen' letter to the owner.
It has been suggested (by his cousin Diana Watson) that the seventeen-year old Bacon ''may'' have taken a few drawing lessons at
St Martin's School of Art.
Bacon discovered that he attracted, and was found pretty by some - which he took advantage of, by allowing himself to be picked up by rich men. Bacon developed a taste for good food and wine, and lunches at the
Ritz, and an admiration for
generosity largesse in the very rich.{{ref|Peppiatt}}
One of those men was an ex-army friend of his father, a
distaff uncle, and a breeder of race-horses, named Harcourt-Smith. Bacon later claimed that his father had asked his friend to take him 'in-hand' and 'make a man of him'. Doubtless, Eddy Bacon was aware of his friend's impecable reputation for
virility, but not that he was not very particular as to which sex he applied it to.
Berlin
In the early Spring of
1927 Bacon was taken by Harcourt-Smith to the opulent,
decadent, "wide open"
Berlin of the
Weimar Republic, staying together at the
:de:Hotel Adlon Hotel Adlon.{{ref|Berlin}} It is likely that Bacon saw
Fritz Lang's ''
Metropolis (1927 film) Metropolis'', while in Berlin.
Bacon spent two months in Berlin. After about a month, his uncle left him. "He soon got tired of me, of course, and went off with a woman" "I didn't really know what to do, so I hung on for a while, and then, since I'd managed to keep a bit of money, I decided to go to Paris."
Chantilly
Bacon spent a year and a half in
Paris. At the opening of an exhibition, he met Yvonne Bocquentin, pianist and
connoisseur. Aware of his own need to learn the
French language, Bacon lived for three months with Madame Bocquentin and her family at their house near
Chantilly, Oise Chantilly. At the
Château de Chantilly (Musée Condé) he saw
Nicolas Poussin's
Massacre of the Innocents.
From Chantilly, Bacon went to an exhibition of 106 drawings by
Pablo Picasso Picasso in the Summer of 1927, at the Galerie Paul Rosenberg, rue La Boëtie, in
Paris, that inspired him to draw and paint. Bacon would take the train into Paris five or more times a week to see shows. Sometimes he would return with
Cubist-inspired drawings and watercolours.
Bacon saw
Abel Gance's epic silent film
Napoléon (film) Napoléon at the
Paris Opéra on its premiere in April 1927. From the Autumn of 1927, Bacon stayed at the Hôtel Delambre in
Montparnasse, while living in Paris.
17 Queensberry Mews West
Bacon returned to London in late
1928 or early
1929, and started work as an interior designer. He took a studio in a converted garage, 17 Queensberry Mews West,
South Kensington, and shared the upper floor with Eric Alden, who was to be his first collector. By
1929, his nanny, Jessie Lightfoot, had joined Bacon and Alden at Queensberry Mews West.
In the first issue of
Cahiers d'Art for 1929, Bacon saw Picasso's painted biomorphic figures reproduced, in an article by the editor
Christian Zervos: ''Picasso Ã
Dinard, Été 1928''. (Likely to have been bought either from
Zwemmers bookshop, on the
Charing Cross Road, or in Paris.) The 1927 show at Rosenberg's in Paris had been of
Neo-classical drawings, and it was the 1928 ''Les Baigneuses'' and ''Le Baiser'' in Cahiers d'Art, that gave Bacon his direction as a painter.
Bacon was befriended by Geoffrey Gilbey, then racing correspondent for the
Daily Express, and for a time worked as his racing secretary. Gilbey had a house in Ormonde Gate,
Chelsea, London Chelsea.
Bacon advertised himsef as a "gentleman's companion" in
The Times, on the front page (then reserved for personal messages and insertions).{{ref|Peppiatt2}} Among the many answers, carefully vetted by Nanny Lightfoot, was one from an elderly cousin of Douglas Cooper (Cooper then had the finest collection of modern art in England). The gentleman, having paid Bacon for his services, found him part-time work as a telephone operator in a London club, and got Cooper's help in promoting Bacon as a designer of furniture and interiors. Cooper also commissioned a desk from Bacon in battleship gray.
In 1929 Bacon met Eric Hall, at the Bath Club, Dover Street, London, where Bacon was working on the telephone exchange. Hall (who was general manager of
Peter Jones (department store) Peter Jones) was to be both patron and lover to Bacon.
'The 1930 Look in British Decoration'
The first show in the Winter of 1929, at Queensberry Mews, were of Bacon's rugs and furniture (Eric Hall bought a rug) but may have included ''Painted screen.'' (c.1929 - 1930) and ''Watercolour'' (1929), both bought by Eric Alden. ''Watercolour'' (1929) his earliest surviving painting, seems to have evolved from his rug designs which in turn were influenced by the paintings and tapestries of
Jean Lurçat.
Sydney Butler (daughter of
Samuel Courtauld and wife of
Rab Butler) commissioned a glass and steel table and a set of stools for the dining room of her Smith Square house.
Bacon's Queensberry Mews studio, was featured in the August
1930 issue of ''The Studio'', a double page article "The 1930 Look in British Decoration" showing his work, including a large round mirror, rugs and tubular steel and glass furniture influenced by the
International Style,
Marcel Breuer,
Le Corbusier#Furniture Le Corbusier /
:fr:Charlotte Perriand Charlotte Perriand and
Eileen Gray.
Bacon returned to Germany in 1930 and attended the
Oberammergau Passion Play. The dramatic studio-portrait that was taken of Bacon by Helmar Lerski, a Swiss photographer and
cinematographer, probably dates from this visit. Bacon later told
Stephen Spender that, although he had known none of the artists living in Berlin at that time, he was very impressed by the work of a photographer (whose name he couldn't remember), who produced very striking effects by the use of mirrors and filtering daylight through screens.
In 1930, Francis Bacon met Roy de Maistre, an Australian - a painter who was to become a close friend and mentor. De Maistre's circle included
Graham Sutherland and
Henry Moore, and also Douglas Cooper.
'Paintings and rugs by Francis Bacon'
The second show, at 17 Queensberry Mews West was held 4 -
22 November 1930. Four paintings were shown by Bacon, with works by de Maistre and Jean Sheppeard. ''Gouache'' (
1929) may be the work in the handlist as ''A Brick Wall''. ''Painting'' (1929 - 1930) (probably the work in the handlist as ''Tree by the Sea'') is Bacon's earliest surviving oil painting. Both were bought by Alden. The two other paintings (''Self-portrait'' and ''Two Brothers'') and a print (''Dark Child'' in an edition of three), are now lost.
Fulham Road
Bacon left the Queensberry Mews West studio in 1931, and was not to have a settled space for some years. Bacon probably shared a studio with Roy de Maistre, about 1931/1932, at Carlyle Studios, (just off the
Kings Road), in
Chelsea.
''Portrait'' (1932) and ''Portrait'' (c.1931 - 1932) (the latter bought by Diana Watson) both show a round-faced youth with
List of skin diseases diseased skin (painted after Bacon saw
Ibsen's ''
Ghosts (play) Ghosts''), and date from a brief stay in a studio on the
Fulham Road.
In 1932, Bacon was commissioned by Gladys MacDermot, an Irish woman who had lived in
Australia, to redesign much of the decoration and furniture of her flat at 98 Ridgemount Gardens in
Bloomsbury, London Bloomsbury. Bacon recalled that she was 'always filling me up with food'.
71 Royal Hospital Road
In April 1933, Bacon moved to 71 Royal Hospital Road,
Chelsea, London Chelsea (just across
Pimlico Road from Ebury Street, where de Maistre had his temporary studio). The studio there was in a converted garage (like the Queensberry Mews West studio), a friend, the interior designer (and property developer) Arundell Clarke, had had his showroom there before moving on to
Mayfair.
Crucifixion (1933)
Douglas Cooper, then curator (and part owner/co-director with Fred Mayor) of the Mayor Gallery, in Cork Street, arranged for one of Bacon's paintings ''Women in the Sunlight'' (destroyed without trace) to be included a group show in April
1933.
It was also thanks to Cooper that Bacon's ''Crucifixion'' (1933) was reproduced in
Herbert Read's book ''Art Now'' (opposite a 1929 ''Baigneuse'' by Picasso - plates 60/61). The publication was accompanied by an exhibition of the works, in October, at the Mayor Gallery, where ''Crucifixion'' (1933) was shown as ''Composition. 1933''.
''Crucifixion'' (1933) (oil on canvas) was subsequently purchased by Sir Michael Sadler (who, other than friends or relations, was the first to buy a painting), and who also commissioned a second version, ''Crucifixion'' (1933) (chalk, gouache and pencil), and sent Bacon an
x-ray photograph of his own
skull, with a request that he should paint a portrait from it. Bacon duly incorporated the x-ray directly into ''The Crucifixion'' (1933).
Wound for a Crucifixion
Image:Composition (Figure).jpg right|thumb|180px|''Composition (Figure)'' (1933) (gouache, pastel and pen and ink on paper)
At the start of
1934, with the help of Arundell Clarke, who had just taken over the building, Bacon set up a gallery space in the cellar of Sunderland House, Curzon Street, Mayfair, with plans to deal in his own work and organize his own shows.
In February 1934, Bacon had his first solo show, ''Paintings by Francis Bacon'', of seven of his oil paintings and five or six
gouaches, at the new Transition gallery. This was to be the only show at the Transition gallery.
All but two gouaches of figures in flight (''Composition (Figure)'' (1933) (gouache, pastel and pen and ink on paper) and ''Composition (Figures)'' (1933) (gouache, pastel and pen and ink on paper)), that were purchased by his cousin Diana Watson, were afterwards destroyed by Bacon.
Among these was the 'very beautiful' ''Wound for a Crucifixion'', destroyed despite having a prospective purchaser in Eric Alden, and one of a very few that Bacon was to express regret at its loss.
Two studio interiors survive from 1934: ''Studio Interior'' (1934) and ''Corner of the Studio'' (1934) (puRchased by Gladys MacDermot). ''Interior of a Room'' survives from circa
1935 (c.1933 in Alley/Rothenstein).
Bacon visited Paris in 1935. In a Paris bookshop, Bacon bought a second-hand book on
diseases of the
mouth with beautiful hand-coloured plates of open mouths and the interior of the mouth, which fascinated and obsessed him. Bacon had had
sinus problems since childhood, and had an operation on the roof of his mouth at some stage in the mid-1930s. Bacon also first saw
Sergei Eisenstein Eisenstein's ''
The Battleship Potemkin'' in 1935.{{ref|Sylvester}}
In the Winter of 1935-6, Roland Penrose and
Herbert Read, making a first selection for the ''International Surrealist Exhibition'' (which was to be held in London from
11 June to
4 July 1936), visited his studio at 71 Royal Hospital Road, Chelsea, saw "three or four large canvases including one with a grandfather clock.", but found his work "insufficiently
Surrealism surreal to be included in the show". Bacon claimed that Penrose had said to him "Mr. Bacon don't you realize a lot has happened in painting since the Impressionists?"
1 Glebe Place and Petersfield
In
1937 (or late in
1936), Bacon moved from 71 Royal Hospital Road to the top floor of 1 Glebe Place,
Chelsea, London Chelsea, which Eric Hall had rented (and kept until 1943).
Patrick White had moved to London, into a small flat in Ebury Street, in
1936, and, on meeting de Maistre in his groundfloor studio there, quickly fell in love with him. The following year, White moved to the top two floors of the building where de Maistre now had his studio, on Eccleston Street, and commissioned from Bacon, who was by now a friend, a writing desk (with wide drawers and a red
linoleum top). White also bought the glass and steel dining table from Rab and Sydney Butler.
Abstraction, Abstraction from the Human Form
Image:Abstraction from the Human Form.jpg right|thumb|150px|''Abstraction from the Human Form'' (c.1936) (Destroyed)
In January
1937, at Thomas Agnew and Sons, 43
Old Bond Street, London, Bacon was in a group show, ''Young British Painters'', with
Graham Sutherland,
John Piper, Victor Pasmore, Ivon Hitchens, Roy de Maistre, Ceri Richards, and Julian Trevelyan. Eric Hall, who was also a friend of Jerry Agnew, organized the show; Agnew's was then known for shows of
Old Master paintings.
Four works by Bacon were shown: ''Figures in a Garden'' (1936), purchased by Diana Watson; ''Abstraction'', and ''Abstraction from the Human Form'', known from magazine photographs (they prefigure ''Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion'' (1944) in variously having a tripod structure (''Abstraction''), bared teeth (''Abstraction from the Human Form''), and both being biomorphic in form); ''Seated Figure'' is lost entirely.
''Figures in a Garden'' alone remains of paintings from 1936, however, a small sketch in black ink on lined paper, ''Biomorphic Drawing'', in the collection of the Estate, at the
Hugh Lane gallery, which resembles ''Abstraction'' (1936), may be a survivor from this year.
A small
self-portrait putatively dated to 1930 and identified with the ''self-portrait'' in the handlist to the Queensberry Mews show, was exhibited at the ''Fine Arts and Antiques Fair, Olympia'', London in 1998; but, it has been claimed on technical grounds that it dates from 1937 onwards (the canvas board on which it was painted was not available until then, although this has been disputed). Stylistically, the work fits best around the mid 1930s. The work has an unusual
provenance (it was kept by Bacon until 1982 and then given away), but the
attribution to Bacon is sound (although a detailed technical
analysis remains to be done).
On
1 June 1940 Bacon's father died. Bacon was named sole Trustee and Executor of his father's will, which requested that the funeral be as 'private and simple as possible'.
Figure Getting Out of a Car (c. 1939 - 1940)
Bacon, who was unfit for active service, had volunteered for Civil Defense, and had been working full-time in the ARP (Air Raid Precautions) rescue service; but the fine
dust of bombed London worsened his asthma and he was discharged. So, at the height of
The Blitz, Eric Hall rented a cottage for Bacon and himself: Bedales Lodge, in Steep, near
Petersfield, Hampshire.
Image:Man in a Cap.jpg right|thumb|170px|''Man in a Cap'' (c.1943)
''Figure Getting Out of a Car'' (c. 1939 - 1940) was painted there and is known only from a photograph by Peter Rose Pulham from early in 1946 (shortly before it was painted over by Bacon and retitled ''Landscape with Car''). An ancestor to the biomorphic form of the central panel of the ''Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion'' (1944), the composition was suggested by
:Image:Adolf-Hitler-7.jpg a photograph of Hitler getting out of a car at one of the
Nuremburg rallies, although Bacon claimed to have "copied the car and not much else".
''Man in a Cap'', and ''Seated Man'' (recto) / ''Man Standing'' (verso) (now separated), both on composition board and from about 1943, are abandoned works. The composition of ''Man in a Cap'' derives from a picture of
Joseph Goebbels that appeared in
Picture Post. A photograph of Hitler from the same issue was the basis for ''Seated Man'' and for the more roughly painted ''Man Standing''.
The Millais House studio, 7 Cromwell Place: 1943 - 1951
Returning from
Hampshire at the latter part of 1943, Bacon and Hall were to take the ground floor of 7 Cromwell Place, South Kensington, in
John Everett Millais' old house and studio. The old studio, high vaulted and north lit, had had its roof blown in by a bomb, so Bacon adopted the enormous old billiard room at the back of the house for his studio. Nanny Lightfoot slept on the kitchen table as there was nowhere else. Illicit
roulette parties were held there, organized by Bacon with the assistance of Eric Hall, and were a considerable financial success.
Now home to the
National Art Collections Fund, Millais house is just a short walk from the
Victoria and Albert Museum holding the National collection of paintings by
John Constable, whose oil sketches were admired by Bacon. It was also at the V&A that Bacon would first discover and study the photographs of
Eadweard Muybridge.
The April
1945 show ''Recent Paintings by Francis Bacon, Francis Hodgkins,
Matthew Smith (artist) Matthew Smith, Henry Moore and Graham Sutherland'' at the Lefevre gallery (which was then on
New Bond Street, London) had two paintings by Bacon - ''
Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion'' (1944) and ''Figure in a landscape'' (1945).
Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion
Image:Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion.jpg left|thumb|480px|''Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion'' (1944) (Tate)
''Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion'' (1944) is a key precursor to Bacon's later themes: the
triptych format, the placement behind glass in heavily gilded frames, the open
mouth, and the use of painterly
distortion; the
Erinyes Eumenides, or Furies, in the
Oresteia#The Eumenides Oresteia of
Aeschylus and the theme of the
Crucifixion (''Figures at the Foot of the Cross'' was the first attempt at the title).
Done in oil paint and pastel on Sundeala fibre board within the space of two weeks, Bacon considered ''Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion'' (1944) to be the true start to his ''oeuvre'' - his
masterpiece in the original sense.
''Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion'' (1944) was presented to the
Tate gallery by Eric Hall in 1953.
''Untitled'' (1944) a variant of the right-hand panel of ''Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion'' (1944) was shown at ''Francis Bacon: The Human Body'', curated by David Sylvester, at the
Hayward Gallery in 1998. A version of the left-hand panel: ''Study for a Figure'' (c.1944) was among the abandoned pictures in the 1964 catalogue raisonnè.
''Figure in a landscape'' (1945)
Image:Figure in a Landscape (1945).jpg right|thumb|200px|''Figure in a Landscape'' (1945)
A photograph of Eric Hall dozing on a seat in
Hyde Park, London Hyde Park was the basis of the other painting in the Lefevre show, ''Figure in a landscape'' (1945) which was bought by Diana Watson and, in 1950, by the Tate gallery (with the support of Graham Sutherland, then a trustee (1948 – 1954)).
''Figure Study'' (1945) was destroyed, ''Figure Study I'' and ''Figure Study II'' are from 1945 or 1946.
''Study for Man with Microphones'' (1946), was shown at the Lefevre gallery, (''British Painters Past and Present'' July - August
1946), and at the Anglo-French Art Centre, (''Seventh Exhibition'' November - December 1946). Bacon was clearly unhappy with this picture: it was listed as an abandoned work in the 1964 catalogue raisonnè, and was passed on to the Estate in 1992 as a slashed canvas.
At some point in 1947 - 1948, Bacon returned to make a second version, ''Study for Man with Microphones'' (1947-48) (shown February to March
1948, at the
Museum of Modern Art, New York, ''Contemporary Painters'' (last (monochrome) plate in the catalogue by James Thrall Soby) as ''Study for Man with Microphones'' (1946); and from October to November 1962 in ''Francis Bacon'' at the Galleria d'Arte Galatea,
Milan as ''Gorilla with Microphones'' (1945-46)).
Crucifixion (1933) (oil on canvas) was shown at the ''Summer Exhibition'' (July - September 1946) at the Redfern gallery, 19/20 Cork Street, London, and bought by Sir Colin Anderson.
Painting (1946)
Image:Painting 1946.jpg left|thumb|300px|''Painting'' (1946) (MoMA)
If ''Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion'' (1944) is Bacon's
masterpiece, then ''Painting'' (1946) has a good claim to be his
Magnum opus. Originally to be a painting of a
chimpanzee in long grass (parts of which may be still visible), he then attempted a
bird of prey landing in a field. Bacon described it as his most
unconscious{{ref|Archimbaud}} work - the marks suddenly suggesting this image - at once magnificent and appalling.
:FB:"Well, one of the pictures I did in 1946, which was the thing that's in the Museum of Modern Art…"
:DS:"The butcher-shop picture."
:FB:"Yes. It came to me as an accident. I was attempting to make a bird alighting on a field. And it may have been bound up in some way with the three forms that had gone before, but suddenly the line that I had drawn suggested something totally different and out of this suggestion arose this picture. I had no intention to do this picture; I never thought of it in that way. It was like one continuous accident mounting on top of another."
- Excerpt from the October 1962 interview with David Sylvester for the BBC.
Graham Sutherland saw ''Painting'' (1946) in the Cromwell Place studio, and urged his dealer, Erica Brausen, then of the Redfern gallery, to go to see the painting and to buy it. Brausen wrote to Bacon several times, and visited his studio in early Autmn 1946 and promptly bought the work for £200. (''Painting'' (1946) was shown in several group shows including in the British section of ''Exposition internationale d'arte moderne'' (
18 November -
28 December 1946) at the
Musée National d'Art Moderne, for which Bacon travelled to Paris.)
Within a fortnight of the sale of ''Painting'' (1946) to the Hanover gallery, with the proceeds, Bacon had decamped from London to
Monte Carlo. After staying at a succession of hotels and flats, including the Hôtel de Ré, Bacon settled in a large villa, La Frontalière, in the hills above the town. Eric Hall and Nanny Lightfoot would come to stay. Bacon spent much of the next few years in Monte Carlo, short visits to London apart. From Monte Carlo, Bacon wrote to Graham Sutherland and Erica Brausen. His letters to Erica Brausen show that he did paint there but no paintings are known to survive.
In 1948, ''Painting'' (1946) finally sold to
Alfred Barr for the
Museum of Modern Art,
New York for £240. Bacon wrote to Sutherland asking that he apply fixative to the patches of
pastel on ''Painting'' (1946) before it was shipped to New York. ''Painting'' (1946) is now too fragile to be moved from MoMA for exhibition elsewhere.
Head I, Head II - Head VI
Image:Head (1948).jpg right|thumb|170px|''Head I'' (1948)
Bacon returned to London and Cromwell Place to paint, late in
1948. ''Head I'' was shown at the ''Summer exhibition'' at the Redfern gallery from July to September 1948.
By the end of 1948 Erica Brausen, who had advanced Bacon money, for works, left the Redfern gallery. Brausen had found private capital to start her own gallery in Mayfair. In the Spring a Bacon painting, presumably ''Head I'', was shown at Erica Brausen's new Hanover gallery (and was noticed by
Wyndham Lewis in an exhibition review of
12 May 1949).
Held from
8 November to
10 December 1949 at the Hanover gallery, ''Francis Bacon: Paintings; Robert Ironside: Coloured Drawings'', was in effect, his first professional one-man show (Robert Ironside's watercolours were on an upper floor). A series of six paintings ''Head I'' to ''Head VI'', with ''Study from the Human Body'' (1949) and ''Study for Portrait'' (1949) formed the core of the show with four other paintings by Bacon.
Bacon's paintings attracted the support of Wyndham Lewis writing in
The Spectator.
''Head I'' differs from ''Head II'' - ''Head VI'' in one important respect: while the first is painted on hardboard and dates from 1948 (or 1947-8), the rest of the series date from 1949 and are painted on the reverse of a (commercially) primed canvas.
:"well, I was living once down in Monte Carlo and I had lost all my money, and, I had no canvases left and so, the few I had I just turned them, and I found that the, that the, what is called the wrong side, the unprimed side of the canvas worked for me very much better. So I've always used them. So it was just by chance that I had no money to buy canvases with."
- Excerpt from an interview with Melvyn Bragg in ''Francis Bacon'' (1985), for the '
South Bank Show' for London Weekend Television.
''Head II'' is, for Bacon, very thickly painted, this was one of very few instances when he had been able to 'rescue' a painting after it had become overworked and the weave of the canvas clogged{{ref|Sylvester1}} (as happened with two abandoned works on canvas from the ''Head'' series, from 1949, also in the 1949 Hanover show). The arrow, or pointer, motif in ''Head II'' is taken from the book ''Positioning in
Radiography'' by Kathleen Clara Clark, 1939.
Image:Head VI (1949).JPG right|thumb|170px|''Head VI'' (1948) ([[Arts Council of England)]]
''Head VI'' was Bacon's first surviving engagement with Velázquez's great ''Portrait of
Pope Innocent X ''(three 'popes' were painted in Monte Carlo in 1946 but were destroyed). (The Cobalt Violet
mozzetta, (Crimson in the
Diego Velázquez Velázquez) may reflect Bacon's use of printed reproductions of the painting - Bacon later said that, although he admired "the magnificent colour" of the Velázquez, Velázquez "wanted to make it as much like a Titian as possible but, in a curious way he cooled Titian".)
In ''Francis Bacon'' by Robert Melville, in the December 1949 – January 1950 issue of ''Horizon'' magazine (edited by
Cyril Connolly), Melville places Bacon in a European context, of painting,
Pablo Picasso Picasso and
Marcel Duchamp Duchamp, but in a painterly rather than linear fashion, and of film,
Sergei Eisenstein Eisenstein and, in particular,
Luis Buñuel Buñuel's ''
Un Chien Andalou''. The piece was printed along with ''Reproductions of Paintings by Francis Bacon'', between a short story by James Lord and an essay on the
Marquis de Sade by
Maurice Blanchot).
The Colony Room
The Colony Room, a private drinking club, at 41 Dean Street,
Soho, also known as 'Muriel's' after
Muriel Belcher, the formidable proprietress. Belcher, who had run a club called the Music-box in
Leicester Square during the war, had secured a 3pm - 11pm drinking licence for the Colony Room bar as a private-members club (public houses had to close at 2.30pm). Bacon was a founding member, walking in the day after the opening in 1948. He was 'adopted' by Belcher as a 'daughter' and was allowed free drinks and £10 a week to bring in friends and rich patrons. It was here that Bacon became friends with
Lady Rose McLaren.
Bacon met the painter and illustrator
John Minton (artist) John Minton in 1948. Minton was soon to become a regular at 'Muriel's', as were the painters
Lucian Freud,
Frank Auerbach, Timothy Behrens,
Michael Andrews (artist) Michael Andrews, and the two Roberts, Colquhoun and MacBride; and above all, the sometime ''
Vogue (magazine) Vogue'' photographer,
John Deakin.
In 1950 Bacon met the art critic David Sylvester, then known for his writing on
Henry Moore and praise for
Alberto Giacometti's work. Sylvester had admired and written about his work (first writing about Bacon for a French periodical (''L'Age nouveau'') in 1948) but had erroneously perceived it to be a form of
Expressionism. ''Head I'', in particular, at the 1949 Hanover gallery show, was, for Sylvester, proof of Bacon's importance as a ''painter''.
In September 1950, John Minton, left for the
West Indies for a few months. Aware that Bacon was in need of the money, Minton asked him to take over his post as a tutor at the school of painting at the
Royal College of Art. On condition that he did no formal teaching, Bacon agreed. So for three months, he was on hand to talk to the students for two days a week.
''Painting'' (1950) and ''Fragment of a Crucifixion'' (1950) were among the works shown at ''Francis Bacon: Recent Paintings; Hilly: Paintings'', at the Hanover gallery,
14 September -
21 October 1950. Also ''Study for Figure'' (1950) (destroyed) and ''Man at a Curtain'' (1949) - an abandoned work.
Study after Velázquez
This series of three paintings after Velázquez were painted for the September 1950 Hanover gallery exhibition. The exhibition was advertised as ''Francis Bacon: Three Studies from the Painting of Innocent X by Velázquez'' but the series was withdrawn before the start of the show by Bacon.
In November 1950, after Bacon had gone off to
South Africa, the Hanover gallery offered on his behalf ''Study after Velázquez'' (1950) to the
Arts Council of Great Britain Arts Council, for the
Festival of Britain show ''Sixty Paintings for '51''. On his return in May, Bacon again withdrew the painting before it was shown, although it is in the catalogue to the exhibition. ''Study after Velázquez'' (1950) and ''Study after Velázquez II'' (1950) were sent to his art supplier for the frames and stretchers to be reused. Bacon apparently believed them destroyed.
''Study after Velázquez'' (1950) and ''Study after Velázquez II'' (1950) were rediscovered carefully rolled-up at Bacon's art supplier in September 1998 (and shown at the Tony Shafrazi gallery). ''Study after Velázquez II'' (1950) (also known as ''Untitled (Pope)'' (1950)) is an abandoned work. ''Study after Velázquez III'' (1950) is destroyed (but was photographed).
Image:Figure in Frame (1950).jpg right|thumb|170px|''Figure in Frame'' (1950)
January 1951 Bacon was featured in ''World Review'' in ''The Iconoclasm of Francis Bacon'' by Robert Melville (describing ''Study after Velázquez'' (1950) seen at the studio and on the destruction of the three paintings in the series of studies after Velázquez; ''Fragment of a Crucifixion'' (1950) and ''Man at a Curtain'' (1949) are shown in monochrome).
''Painting (Head of a Man)'' (1950).
''Untitled (Marching Figures).'' (c.1950) (on a stylistic basis it may be later, 1952 or 1953).
''Study for Nude Figures'' (1950) (a.k.a. ''Untitled (Crouching Figure)'' (1950)), and ''Figure in Frame'' (1950) (a.k.a. ''Untitled (figure)'' (1950-1)), were among the abandoned paintings found in storage after the painter's death. ''Figure in Frame'' (1950), in particular, is a compellingly beautiful wreck. Thin dry-brushed paint on raw linen over a spectral smear and scrape of oil paint.
By 1950 Bacon's affair with Eric Hall had come to an end - he no longer appears on the electoral register with Bacon and Jessie Lightfoot at 7 Cromwell Place - but he was to remain a loyal patron, friend and supporter.
November 1950 Bacon visited his mother in
South Africa. This suited his asthma better than spending Winter in London. Bacon was impressed by the African landscapes and wildlife, and took photographs in
Kruger National Park. On his reurn journey he spent a few days in
Cairo, and wrote to Erica Brausen of his intent to visit
Karnak and
Luxor, and then go via
Alexandria to
Marseilles. The visit confirmed his belief in the supremacy of Egyptian art, embodied by the
Great Sphinx of Giza Sphinx. He returned in the Spring of 1951.
30 April 1951 Jessie Lightfoot, Bacon's old nurse died at Cromwell Place. Bacon was gambling in
Nice when he learnt of her death. Nanny Lightfoot, 'Nan', Bacon's closest companion, had joined him in London, on his return from Paris and had lived with him and Eric Alden at Queensberry Mews West, and with him and Eric Hall at the cottage near Petersfield, in Monte Carlo and at Cromwell Place. Stricken Bacon sold the 7 Cromwell Place apartment.
After 7 Cromwell Place 1951 - 1953
Bacon took a place in Carlyle Studios
Chelsea, London Chelsea near the
King's Road and, for a time, Bacon worked at the
Royal College of Art, in a studio lent by Rodrigo Moynihan.
''Head'' (1951), ''Figure with Monkey'' (1951), ''Study for Nude'' (1951), ''Portrait of
Lucian Freud'' (1951), and a series of three popes ''Pope I'' (1951), ''Pope II'' (1951) and ''Pope III'' (1951) were shown at ''Francis Bacon'' at the Hanover gallery December 1951 - February
1952.
''Study for Nude'' (1951), which relates in form to ''Study for Nude Figures'' (1950), is one of very few paintings by Bacon for which a sketch for the composition survives (in Chinese ink over a photograph in a 1920s
Naturist book ''Man and Sunlight'' by Hans Surén).
''Portrait of
Lucian Freud'' (1951) is based on a photograph of
Kafka printed as the frontispiece to Max Brod's ''Franz Kafka: eine Biographie'' Prague: 1937.
''Pope II'' (1951) was actually painted first in the 1951 series of three popes (''P. II'', ''P. I'', ''P. III'') based not so much on Velázquez's ''Portrait of Pope Innocent X'', but on a photograph of
Pope Pius XII being carried on a ''
sedia gestatoria'' through a fan vaulted room in the
Vatican City Vatican. (The series was hung as a triptych at the 1962
Tate Gallery Tate retrospective.)
The January 1952 ''Magazine of Art'' article by Sam Hunter: ''Francis Bacon: The Anatomy of Horror'', places Bacon in a British context, of
Graham Sutherland Sutherland,
Wyndham Lewis and
Walter Sickert Sickert (and even, in passing,
Aubrey Beardsley). The article also reproduced two photographs Hunter had taken, in the Summer of 1950, of Bacon's photographic source material; Hunter had found the tables of the 7 Cromwell Place studio littered with newspaper clippings, magazine illustrations and reproductions torn from art books, he had arranged them to put the most images in frame and photographed them in situ.
Study for Crouching Nude
Image:Study for Crouching Nude.jpeg right|thumb|200px|''Study for Crouching Nude'' (1952)
Painted in the Spring of 1952, ''Study for Crouching Nude'', the perched figure of which may derive in form from Muybridge (''Man Performing a Standing Jump''), was first shown at ''Recent Trends in Realist Painting'' (organized by Robert Melville and
David Sylvester) at the
Institute of Contemporary Arts, London, from July to August 1952, in place of ''Study for Portrait'' (1949).
By the Spring or Summer of 1952, Bacon had met Peter Lacey, a former
Royal Air Force RAF fighter pilot, at
the Colony Room in Soho.
Bacon embarked on an affair with Lacey, his first sustained relationship with a younger man. Peter Lacey, a man with independent means, a slight stammer, a ready wit and a violent temper, had no regard for Bacon's paintings. He was, however, a sexual
sadist. On being in love with Lacey, Bacon was to say: "Being in love in that extreme way - being totally, physically obsessed by someone - is like having some dreadful disease. I wouldn't wish it on my worst enemy."
Lacey rented a house called Long Cottage, in the village of
Hurst, Berkshire Hurst,
Berkshire near
Henley-on-Thames. Bacon was invited to come to stay.
''House in
Barbados'' (1952), painted at The Royal College of Art, was, on Lacey's direction, closely copied from a photograph of a house he owned there. This was an unusual commission for Bacon, and he asked his friend, Denis Wirth-Miller, for help with it.
''Dog'' (1952) (a.k.a. ''Study of a Dog'' (1952)) (based on one photograph in a series by Muybridge of a walking
mastiff and postcards of Monte Carlo), and ''Landscape'' (1952) (based on photographs of Kruger National Park), were painted a few weeks before his second visit to South Africa. ''Landscape'' (1952) (a.k.a. ''Landscape after Van Gogh'' (1952)), also has 'a few brush-strokes' added by Denis Wirth-Miller.
Bacon spent some months of 1952 in South Africa visiting his mother, who had remarried and settled there. Again owing a considerable sum to Erica Brausen of the Hanover gallery, Bacon returned to London to paint.
Dog (1952)
Image:Study of a Dog (1952).jpg right|thumb|250px|''Study of a Dog'' (1952) (Tate)
Two further studies from the Muybridge photograph: ''Dog'' (1952) (
deaccessioned in 2003 from MoMA to Gerard Faggionato, presumably to help fund the acquisition of ''Triptych'' (1991) from Tony Shafrazi in 2004), and ''Dog'' (1952) (in a private collection), were painted shortly after his return from South Africa.
''Elephant Fording a River'' (1952), ''
rhinoceros'' (1952) (destroyed?) and a series of crouching figures in long grass: ''Landscape'' (1952), ''Study for Figure in a Landscape'' (1952), ''Man Kneeling in Grass'' (1952) were also painted for the Hanover gallery show: ''Francis Bacon'' December 1952 - January 1953.
''Landscape, South of France'' (1952) (a.k.a. ''Elephant in Jungle Grass'' (1952) (a complete misnomer - there is no elephant, nor is this an 'African' painting)) was also painted at this date.
''Figure in a Landscape'' (c. 1952) - an oil sketch on paper in the Tate collection (the earliest of four given to
Stephen Spender in the early '60s) - relates in form to ''Study for Figure in a Landscape'' (1952).
''Crouching Nude on Rail'' (1952) (a.k.a. ''Untitled (Crouching Nude on Rail)'' (1952)), one of the overworked and clogged canvases abandoned by Bacon and recovered by the Estate in 1998, the thickly painted pale cerulean strokes provide an unusual sustained delicacy of hue.
At some latter part of 1952, Bacon moved to 6 Beaufort Gardens, in Chelsea. ''Study for Head'' (1952) (a.k.a. ''Study for Portrait (Man Screaming)'' (1952)) and ''Man Eating a Leg of Chicken'' (1952), were painted in the Autumn of that year, shortly followed by ''Man in a Chair'' (1952). All have been cut down from larger canvases and have an 'encrusted' texture from Bacon's experiments with mixing sand with the paint.
These three were sold privately in December 1952 to Helen Lessore of the Beaux-Arts gallery, London, for ready cash, with David Sylvester acting as Bacon's agent (with a 20% commission). The Hanover's advances were too modest for Bacon's needs, so these unofficial sales (negotiated by Sylvester) to friends or to rival galleries such as the Mayor, Beaux-Arts or the Redfern, were quite frequent between 1953 and 1955.
Eric Hall bought ''Dog'' (1952), (the first of the three) from the Hanover on
New Year's Eve 1952 with instructions for it to be delivered to the Tate gallery. The second in the series was bought for MoMA in 1953.
Study of a Nude (1952–1953)
Image:Study of a Nude (1952-3).jpg right|thumb|257px|''Study of a Nude'' (1952-1953) (Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, University of East Anglia) (24×20" or 61×51cm)
''Study for a Portrait'' (1952), was shown in January at the ''New Year Exhibition 1953'' at the Leicester galleries, London along with ''Study of a Head'' (1952) (a.k.a. ''Study for the Head of a Screaming Pope'' (1952)), which was shown as ''Study for a Pope''.
There were two other pictures in this series of (four) head and shoulder studies: ''Study of a Head'' (1952), and ''Study for a Portrait'' (1952) (a.k.a. ''Study for a Portrait of a Man in Blue'' (1952)). The first three of the series are 'Papal' portraits with
zucchetto, open mouth and
pince-nez deriving from a film still of the nurse in
Battleship Potemkin#The Odessa Steps sequence the Odessa Steps sequence of 'The Battleship Potemkin'. The last may have been painted prior to his second visit to Africa, and may be of Peter Lacey.
''Study of a Nude'' (1952–1953) (a.k.a. ''Study from the Human Body'') was started in December 1952 and completed in January
1953. The figure derives from one of a Muybridge series of a man preparing for a standing
high jump. Uniquely among the paintings the figure is painted one-eighth life-size, rather than the almost unvarying range of between two-thirds and three-quarters.
Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X
Image:Study after Velazquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X.jpg left|thumb|300px|''Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X'' (1953) (Des Moines)
Completed, and delivered to the Beaux-Arts gallery in February 1953, of ''Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X'' (1953), Bacon said "I wanted to paint a head as if folded in on itself, like the folds of a curtain". The Titian ''Portrait of Cardinal Filippo Archinto'' (c.1551-1562) is often cited as an ancestor to this device.
Bacon was 'painting hard' in the Spring of 1953, according to David Sylvester, but practically all work was destroyed and only ''Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X'', and ''Study for a Portrait'' (1953) survive.
''Man with Dog'' (1953) was painted in June 1953 according to the Hanover gallery records. The composition derives from the same Muybridge photograph of a walking mastiff as the ''Dog'' (1952) series. The
Futurist painter
Giacomo Balla's ''Leash in Motion'' (1912) (''Dinamismo di un cane al guinzaglio'' (''Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash'')), which was shown at the Tate gallery in the Summer 1952, was also a source for the painting. 'Bacon - the elephant' is inscribed (possibly in another hand) on the stretcher. It was reported in the 1964 catalogue raisonnè, that Bacon had confirmed that the picture has nothing to do with an elephant.
Study for Portrait I - VIII (1953)
In 1953, Bacon moved from 6 Beaufort Gardens to 9 Apollo Place, also in Chelsea. David Sylvester, who lived at the same house at this time, had four sittings for a portrait that on the fourth sitting metamorphosed into a pope - ''Study for Portrait I'' (1953). This was to be the first of a series of eight papal portraits painted that Summer, with the remaining seven studies painted quickly within the space of two weeks.
Notes
# {{note|Davies}} "One of my earliest memories, I was four or so, living near Curragh and heard the gunfire of cavalry men on manoevres around the house in the woods." - from an interview with Hugh M. Davies,
3 April 1973.
# {{note|Blackwood}} 'I was told by a homosexual friend of Francis's that he'd once admitted that his father, the dreaded and failed horse trainer, had arranged that his small son spend his childhood being systematically and viciously horsewhipped by his Irish grooms.' - Caroline Blackwood in ''Francis Bacon (1909–1992)'' for
The New York Review of Books Volume 39, Number 15 ·
September 24 1992.
# {{note|Ianthe}}"I'm not sure Francis had a lot in common with my mother because, she didn't take much notice of his art or anything. I remember sometimes he brought home things that he'd drawn and, I don't know what my mother did with them she wasn't wildly interested in it. They were always, what we used to call 1920s ladies you know, with the cloche hat and, cigarette holder [''gestures long holder'']. That sort of thing. They were always drawings like that. They were very nice. What happened to them I don't know. - And, funnily enough I actually remember them." - Ianthe Knott (née Bacon) interviewed for ''Bacon's Arena'' dir. Adam Low (
Arena (television) BBC Arena), broadcast
19 March 2005, at 9pm on BBC2.
# {{note|Peppiatt}}'I remember once, when I was absolutely broke, I got myself picked up by a man in Dover Street. He was Greek but he'd been living in London for a long time. And he was obviously a rich man. Well, after we had been in his bedroom, he went out into the bathroom. And I started going through his pockets. He must have been watching me in the mirror, because suddenly he came out and said, "What are you doing Francis?" and I said, "Well you know what I'm doing." Then he said, "You don't have to do that. Just ask." And he took me down to a bank and drew out one hundred pounds, which was a very large sum then, and gave it to me. It was a marvellous way to behave, and I've never forgotten it.' - quoted in Peppiat p.24.
# {{note|Berlin}}"I went to
Berlin. I wasn't in Berlin very long, but I did see Berlin about 1927 - 28, which was, one of the, what is called, the great
decadent years, they say, of Berlin. And I went with a, somebody, who had picked me up, whatever you like to say, and we went and stayed at the
:de:Hotel Adlon Hotel Adlon, which is the most wonderful hotel, because I always remember, the wheeling the breakfast in in the morning, with these wonderful trollies with enormous swans necks coming out of the four corners. And then, the night life of Berlin at that time, to go down the
Kurfürstendamm and that kind of thing was really very exciting in those times because I had never seen anything from coming from a very puritanical country, in a way, like Ireland, going to a city which at that time was wide open, was very exciting for me." - from an interview with David Sylvester (March 1984) in ''Francis Bacon: The Brutality of Fact'' dir. Michael Blackwood, for the BBC, broadcast
16 November 1984 (used in interview 9, ''Interviews with Francis Bacon'' David Sylvester).
# {{note|Peppiatt2}}'The replies used to pour in, and my old nanny used to go through them all and pick out the best ones. I must say she was ''always'' right. There was one time I found myself being taken back to Paris by this dreadful old thing who took a very expensive flat just off the
Champs-Élysées, on the rue 1er de Serbie. I didn't stay with ''him'' long, as you might imagine! But what was amazing was how easily you were able to pick up people in that way.' - quoted in Peppiatt p.55.
# {{note|Sylvester}}"Another thing that made me think about the human cry was a book I bought when I was very young from a bookshop in Paris, a second-hand book with beautiful hand-coloured plates of diseases of the mouth, beautiful plates of the mouth open and of the examination of the inside of the mouth; and they fascinated me, and I was obsessed by them. And then I saw - or perhaps I even knew by then - the ''Potemkin'' film, and I attempted to use the ''Potemkin'' still as a basis on which I could also use these marvellous illustrations of the human mouth. It never worked out though." - from interview 2, (May 1966) (''Interviews with Francis Bacon'' David Sylvester)
# {{note|Archimbaud}}"La distinction aujourd'hui classique entre conscient et inconscient est très féconde, me semble-t-il. Elle ne recouvre pas tout à fait ce à quoi je pense par rapport à la peinture, mais elle a l'avantage de ne pas recourir à une explication métaphysique pour parler de ce qui échappe à la compréhension logique des choses. L'inconnu n'est pas renvoyé du côté de la mystique ou de quelque chose comme ça. Et c'est très important pour moi, parce que j'ai horreur de toute explication de cet ordre." ("The classic distinction today between the conscious and the
unconscious is a useful one I think. It doesn't quite cover what I think about painting, but it has the advantage of not having to resort to a metaphysical explanation to talk about what cannot be explained in rational terms. The unknown is not relegated to the realm of the mystical or something similar. And that's very important to me because I loathe all explanations of that sort.") – Francis Bacon Entretiens avec Michel Archimbaud, 1992 (Francis Bacon in conversation with Michel Archimbaud)
# {{note|Sylvester1}}DS:Have you managed to paint any pictures in which you did go on and on and the paint got thick and you still pulled them through? || FB:I have, yes. There was an early one of a head against curtains. It was a small picture, and very, very thick. I worked on that for about four months, and in some curious way it did, I think, perhaps, come through a bit.
Influences
''Main article:
Influences on painter Francis Bacon''
Later life
Bacon was well known for his taste for
gambling and
alcohol. In 1964, he began a relationship with Eastender George Dyer, who he met (he claimed) while the latter was burgling his apartment. Their relationship was stormy and in 1971, on the eve of Bacon's major retrospective at the
Grand Palais, Paris, Dyer overdosed on barbituates. In 1974, Bacon met John Edwards, a young, handsome East-Ender with whom he formed his most enduring friendship, bequeathing his $11m fortune to Edwards after his death.
Bacon died
April 28,
1992, in
Madrid.
The Estate
''Main article:
The Estate of Francis Bacon''
Bacon bequeathed his entire estate (then valued at £11 million) to John Edwards after his death. Edwards, in turn, donated the contents of Francis Bacon's chaotic studio at 7 Reece Mews,
South Kensington, to the
Hugh Lane gallery in
Dublin. Bacon's studio contents were moved and the studio carefully reconstructed in the gallery.
Bacon was disdainful of his early works and destroyed the majority of it. He also destroyed an unknown number of works throughout his lifetime, and fragments of canvases were found in his studio after his death. About the studio, Bacon remarked: "for me, chaos breeds images."
Motion picture
Bacon's Soho life was portrayed by John Maybury, with
Derek Jacobi as Bacon and
Daniel Craig as George Dyer (and with
Tilda Swinton as Muriel Belcher), in the film ''Love is the Devil'' (
1998), based on Daniel Farson's 1993 biography ''The Gilded Gutter Life of Francis Bacon''.
References
Image:Interviews with Francis Bacon (1993).jpg right|thumb|198px|''Interviews with Francis Bacon'' (revised edition 1993)
* Harrison, Martin (March 2005) ''In Camera, Francis Bacon: Photography, Film and the Practice of Painting'' London: Thames & Hudson ISBN 0500238200
* Hunter, Sam; Peppiatt, Michael; Sylvester, David (1998) ''Francis Bacon: Important Paintings from the Estate'' New York: Tony Shafrazi gallery ISBN 1891475169
* Peppiatt, Michael (1996) ''Francis Bacon: Anatomy of an Enigma'' London: Weidenfield and Nicholson ISBN 0297816160
* Rothenstein, John (introduction); Alley, Ronald (Catalogue raisonnè and documentation) (1964) ''Francis Bacon'' London: Thames and Hudson
* Sylvester, David (1975, 1980, 1987) ''Interviews with Francis Bacon'' (revised edition 1993) London: Thames & Hudson ISBN 0500274754
* Sylvester, David (2000) ''Looking Back at Francis Bacon'' London: Thames & Hudson ISBN 0500019940
* Sylvester, David (1998) ''Francis Bacon: The Human Body'' London: Hayward Gallery ISBN 1853321753
* Sylvester, David (1996, 1997, 2002) ''About Modern Art: Critical Essays 1948-2000'' revised edition, London: Pimlico ISBN 0712605630
External links
Select work
-
''Biomorphic Drawing'' (1930s)
-
''Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion'' (1944)(Tate)
-
'' Figure Study I'' (1945) (NG Scotland)
-
''Painting'' (1946)
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''Head VI'' (1949)
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''Study from the Human Body'' (1949) (NG Victoria)
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''Man with Dog'' (1953)
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''Study of a Baboon'' (1953) (MoMA)
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''Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X'' (1953)(Des Moines)
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''Study for Portrait VI'' (1953) (MIA)
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''Two Figures in the Grass'' (1954)
*
Figure with Meat (1954)
-
''Figures in a Landscape'' (1956-7)
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''Study for Portrait of P.L., no. 2'' (1957) (Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts)
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''Three Studies for a Crucifixion'' (March 1962)(Guggenheim)
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''Portrait of Man with Glasses III'' (1963)
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''Portrait of George Dyer in a Mirror'' (1968)
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''Self-Portrait'' (1971)
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''Study for Portrait of Lucian Freud (sideways)'' (August 1971)
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''Two Figures with a Monkey'' (1973) (Museo Rufino Tamayo)
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''Study for Portrait (Michel Leiris)'' (1978)
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''Sphinx - Portrait of Muriel Belcher'' (1979)
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''Triptych'' (1991)
Sites
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The Francis Bacon Estate
-
Tate Collection
-
Hugh Lane Gallery
-
Faggionato Fine Art - Francis Bacon - Studying form February 9 -
April 15 2005
: [http://www.faggionato.com/exhibitions/?object_id=22&back_artist=francisbacon Paintings from the Estate 1980 - 1991]
June 25 -
August 26 1999
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Marlborough New York
: [http://www.marlboroughfineart.com/artists/view.asp?id=62 Marlborough London]
-
Tribute and 35 great links! Biography, images, audio interviews, poetry & film.
-
Francis Bacon Image Gallery Extensive site with biography, images, and quotes
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ArtQuotes.net Bacon Quotes Collection of art quotes and profile of the artist
* [http://www.kolahstudio.com/?p=75 About Francis Bacon in English language
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Francis Bacon at Richard Nagy Gallery
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Francis Bacon en Psikeba
News/Reviews
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£9.5m Bacon out of Tate's reach -
The Guardian -
May 28 2004
-
''kolahstudio Bacon Article in two Languages'' (1991)
-
Friend who inherited Bacon's £11m fortune went on 11-year spending spree -
The Guardian -
August 31 2004.
-
Bacon triptych emerges from Tehran storeroom -
The Guardian -
June 18,
2005
*Reviews of the exhibition '''Francis Bacon: Portraits and Heads''',
Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh, August-September 2005:
*
-
A fresh side of Bacon -
The Daily Telegraph -
June 22,
2005 (with picture gallery)
*
-
Face to face with Bacon -
The Observer -
August 7,
2005
*
-
The Beast Within -
The Guardian -
August 9,
2005
-
Bacon self-portrait on auction in 'Miss B's' collection -
The Guardian,
October 14 2005
**The late
Valerie Beston's collection goes on sale.
See also
*
British art
*
Irish art
*
The Portrait Now
*
Painting the Century 101 Portrait Masterpieces 1900-2000
* Deleuze, Gilles (2004); ''The Logic of Sensation'', Continuum.
Category:1909 births Bacon, Francis
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