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Gothic alphabet
*** Shopping-Tip: Gothic alphabet
:''This article is about the 4th century alphabet of the Gothic bible.
Blackletter typefaces for the Latin alphabet are sometimes referred to as "Gothic script".''
Image:Ulfilas Alphabet.jpg thumb|200px|Representation of the Gothic alphabet surrounding its inventor [[Ulfilas]]
The '''Gothic alphabet''' is an alphabetic writing system attributed to
Wulfila used exclusively for writing the ancient
Gothic language. Before its creation in the
fourth century, Gothic was possibly written in
runes. It was primarily used by Wulfilas to translate the
Bible into Gothic. It appears to be derived from the
Greek alphabet with some borrowings from the
Latin alphabet Latin one. The names clearly derive from the names of runes.
The letters
{{alphabet}}
Below is a table of the Gothic alphabet. Two non-
English language English letters are used in its
transliteration: ''þ'' (þiuþ,
Thorn (letter) thorn) and {{unicode|''ƕ''}} (
hwair). These represent sounds like the ''th'' in ''thin'' and a breathy ''wh'' respectively. The þ is used to write
Old English language Old English and
Icelandic language Icelandic. The letter hwair is transcribed by {{unicode|ƕ}}, a ''h+v''
ligature (typography) ligature created for this purpose, and used only to transcribe Gothic.
As with the Greek alphabet, letters were also used as numerals. When used as numerals, letters were generally written with an overdot or overbar. There are two numerals (representing 90 and 900) with no phonetic value.
The letter names are recorded in a
9th century manuscript of
Alcuin (
Codex Vindobonensis 795). Most of them seem to be Gothic forms of names also appearing in the
rune poems. The names are given in the reconstructed form of the Gothic words, followed by the spelling of their actual attestation.
Image:Gothic_alphabet.png thumb|letter values of the Gothic alphabet
{| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center"
|-
!Letter
!Translit.
!Name
!
International Phonetic Alphabet IPA
!Numeric value
|-
|𐌰
Image:Ahsa1.gif 15px||a||ahsa / aza||{{IPA|/a, aË?/}}||1
|-
|𐌱||b||bairkan / bercna||{{IPA|/b/}}||2
|-
|𐌲||g||giba / geuua||{{IPA|/É¡/}}||3
|-
|𐌳||d||dags / daaz||{{IPA|/d, ð/}}||4
|-
|𐌴||e||aiƕus (aihvus) / eyz||{{IPA|/e, eË?/}}||5
|-
|𐌵||q||qairþra (qairthra) / qertra||{{IPA|/kÊ·/}}||6
|-
|𐌶||z||ezec||{{IPA|/z/}}||7
|-
|𐌷||h||hagl / haal||{{IPA|/h/}}||8
|-
|𐌸||þ, th||þiuþ (thiuth) / thyth||{{IPA|/θ/}}||9
|-
|𐌹||i||eis / iiz ||{{IPA|/i, iË?/}}||10
|-
|𐌺||k||kusma / chozma||{{IPA|/k/}}||20
|-
|𐌻||l||lagus / laaz||{{IPA|/l/}}||30
|-
|𐌼||m||manna||{{IPA|/m/}}||40
|-
|𐌽||n||nauþs (nauths) / noicz||{{IPA|/n/}}||50
|-
|𐌾||j||jer / gaar||{{IPA|/j/}}||60
|-
|𐌿||u||urus / uraz||{{IPA|/u, uË?/}}||70
|-
|𐍀||p||pairþra (pairthra) / pertra||{{IPA|/p/}}||80
|-
|𐍁|| ||koppa|| ||90
|-
|𐍂||r||raida / reda||{{IPA|/r/}}||100
|-
|𐍃||s||sauil / sugil||{{IPA|/s/}}||200
|-
|𐍄||t||teiws / tyz||{{IPA|/t/}}||300
|-
|𐍅||w||winja / uuinne||{{IPA|/w, y/}}||400
|-
|𐍆||f||faihu / fe||{{IPA|/f/}}||500
|-
|𐍇||x||iggws / enguz||{{IPA|/kÊ°/}}||600
|-
|𐍈||{{unicode|ƕ}}, hv, hw||{{unicode|ƕ}}air (hvair) / uuaer||{{IPA|/Ê?/}}||700
|-
|𐍉||o||oþal (othal) / utal||{{IPA|/o, oË?/}}||800
|-
|𐍊|| ||sampi|| ||900
|}
Character encoding
The Gothic alphabet is encoded in
Unicode in the range U+10330–U+1034F. As older software often assumes that all Unicode codepoints can be expressed as 16
bit numbers (smaller than U+10000), problems may be encountered using the Gothic alphabet Unicode range. See
:got: :Gothic_Unicode_Fonts
See also
*
Gothic language
*
Runic alphabet
*
Rune poem
External links
-
Omniglot's Gothic writing page
-
Unicode code chart for Gothic
-
Code 2001 freeware font including Gothic
-
JavaScript Gothic transliterator
Category:Alphabetic writing systems
Category:Gothic writing
Category:Monolingual writing systems
de:Gotisches Alphabet
es:Alfabeto gótico
fr:Alphabet gotique
gl:Alfabeto gótico
he:×?לפבית גותי
ja:ゴート文å—
nl:Gotisch alfabet
no:Gotisk alfabet
pl:Alfabet gocki
pt:Alfabeto gótico
fi:Goottilainen aakkosto
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