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HeliOS

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:''For other uses of Helios, see Helios (disambiguation).'' Image:Helios.png thumb|Helios in Greek In earlier Greek mythology, the sun was personified as a deity called '''HÃªlios''' (Greek language Greek for "the sun"), whom Homer equates with the sun Titan (mythology) titan Hyperion (mythology) Hyperion. Other sources say Helios is Hyperion (mythology) Hyperion's son by his sister Theia. Helios was seen driving a fiery chariot across the sky. He has two sisters, the moon goddess Selene and the dawn goddess Eos. The solar roles of Helios were assumed by Apollo who eclipsed Helios, and Artemis eclipsed Selene. The equivalent of Helios in Roman mythology is '''Sol'''. The etymology of ''Helios'', unlike most of the major figures in Greek myth is Indo-European (Burkert p 17)

Greek mythology
The best known story involving Helios is that of his son PhaÃ«ton Phaeton, who drove the sun chariot to his own disaster. Helios was sometimes referred to with the epithet '''Helios Panoptes''' ("the all-seeing"). The names of the horses were Pyrois, Eos, Aethon and Phlegon. "The island of Rhodes is almost the only place where Helios enjoys an important Cult (religion) cult", Burkert assertsd (p 174), instancing a spectacular rite in which a quadriga, a chariot drawn by four horses, is driven over a precipice into the sea, with its overtones of the plight of Phaethon noted. There annual gymnastic tournaments were held in his honor. The Colossus of Rhodes was dedicated to him. Image:Helios.jpg thumb|Helios in his Chariot Helios was often depicted as a haloed youth in a chariot, wearing a cloak and with a globe and a whip (implement) whip. Roosters and eagles were associated with him. In the Odyssey (book XII), Odysseus and his surviving crew landed on an island, Thrinacia, sacred to the sun god, whom Circe names Hyperion (mythology) Hyperion rather than Helios: :You will now come to the Thrinacian island, and here you will see many herds of cattle and flocks of sheep belonging to the sun-god- seven herds of cattle and seven flocks of sheep, with fifty head in each flock. They do not breed, nor do they become fewer in number, and they are tended by the goddesses Phaethusa and Lampetia, who are children of the sun-god Hyperion by Neaera. Their mother when she had borne them and had done suckling them sent them to the Thrinacian island, which was a long way off, to live there and look after their father's flocks and herds. There were kept the sacred red Cattle of the Sun. Though Odysseus warned his men not to, they impiously killed and ate some of the cattle. The guardians of the island, Helios' daughters, told their father. Helios, however, had to appeal to Zeus, who destroyed the ship and all the men save Odysseus. While Heracles traveled to Erytheia to retrieve the cattle of Geryon, he crossed the Libyan desert and was so frustrated at the heat that he shot an arrow at Helios, the sun. Helios begged him to stop and Heracles demanded the golden cup which Helios used to sail across the sea every night, from the west to the east. Heracles used this golden cup to reach Erytheia. Image:Apollonmosaic.jpg halo.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|366px|right|Solar Apollo with the radiant [[halo of Helios in a Roman floor mosaic, El Djem, Tunisia, late 2nd century.html" title="Meaning of 366px|right|Solar Apollo with the radiant [[halo">thumb|366px|right|Solar Apollo with the radiant [[halo of Helios in a Roman floor mosaic, El Djem, Tunisia, late 2nd century">366px|right|Solar Apollo with the radiant [[halo">thumb|366px|right|Solar Apollo with the radiant [[halo of Helios in a Roman floor mosaic, El Djem, Tunisia, late 2nd century

Helios and Apollo
Apollo as he appears in Homer, a plague-dealing god with a silver (not golden) bow has no solar features. "Different names may refer to the same being," Walter Burkert observes (p 120), "or else they may be consciously equated, as in the case of Apollo and Helios." The earliest certain reference to Apollo identified with the sun titan Helios appears in the surviving fragments of Euripides' play ''Phaethon'' in a speech near the end (fr 781 NÂ²), Clymene, Phaethon's mother, laments that Helios has destroyed her child, that Helios whom men rightly call Apollo (the name ''Apollo'' here understood to mean ''Apollon'' "Destroyer"). By Hellenistic times Apollo had become closely connected with the sun in Cult (religion) cult. His epithet Phoebus "shining", drawn from Helios, was later also applied by Latin poets to the sun-god Sol. Image:Follis-Constantine-lyons RIC VI 309.jpg Constantine I (emperor) thumb|300px|Coin of Roman Emperor [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine depicting Sol Invictus / Apollo with the legend SOLI INVICTO COMITI, circa 315 AD..html" title="Meaning of Constantine.html" title="Meaning of thumb|300px|Coin of Roman Emperor [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine">thumb|300px|Coin of Roman Emperor [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine depicting Sol Invictus / Apollo with the legend SOLI INVICTO COMITI, circa 315 AD.">Constantine.html" title="Meaning of thumb|300px|Coin of Roman Emperor [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine">thumb|300px|Coin of Roman Emperor [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine depicting Sol Invictus / Apollo with the legend SOLI INVICTO COMITI, circa 315 AD. The identification became a commonplace in philosophic texts and appears in the writing of Parmenides, Empedocles, Plutarch and Crates of Thebes among other as well as appearing in some Orphic texts. Pseudo-Eratosthenes writes about Orpheus in ''Catasterismi'', section 24: :But having gone down into Hades because of his wife and seeing what sort of things were there, he did not continue to worship Dionysus, become of whom he was famous, but he thought Helios to be the greatest of the gods, Helios whom he also addressed as Apollo. Rousing himself up each night toward dawn and climbing the mountain called Pangaion he would await the sun's rising, so that he might see it first. Therefore Dionysus, being angry with him, sent the Bassarides, as Aeschylus the tragedian says; they tore him apart and scattered the limbs. Dionysus and Asclepius are sometimes also identified with this Apollo Helios. But in mythological contexts Apollo and Helios are distinct. The sun-god, the son of Hyperion, with his sun chariot, though often called ''Phoebus'' is not called ''Apollo'' except in purposeful non-traditional identifications. Roman poets often referred to the sun god as ''Titan''. It seems to be a modern meta-myth that literary references to Phoebus and his car or to Phoebus and his chariot refer to Phoebus Apollo in the role of sun god, rather than to Helios.

Consorts/Children
# Aegle ## Charites ### Aglaea ### Euphrosyne ### Thalia # Clymene ## Heliades ### Aegiale ### Aegle ### Aetheria ### Helia ### Merope ### Phoebe ### Dioxippe ## Phaeton # Merope ## Phaeton # Neaera ## Phaethusa ## Lampetia # Rhodus ## Elektryo ## Heliadae ### Ochimus ### Cercaphus ### Macareus ### Actis ### Tenages ### Triopas ### Candalus # Perse ## Aegea ## Aeetes ## Calypso (mythology) Calypso ## Circe ## Pasiphae ## Perses

Epithets
*Terpsimbrotos

See also
*Sun worship *Sun chariot

References
*Walter Burkert, 1982. ''Greek Religion''. *Konrad Schauenburg, 1955. ''Helios: ArchÃ¤ologisch-mythologische Studien Ã¼ber den antiken'' (Mann) *Karl Kerenyi. ''Apollo: The Wind, the Spirit, and the God: Four Studies'' Category:Greek gods Category:Solar gods Category:Titans ast:Heliu (mitoloxÃa) bg:Ð¥ÐµÐ»Ð¸Ð¾Ñ? da:Helios de:Helios el:Î‰Î»Î¹Î¿Ï‚ (Î¼Ï…Î¸Î¿Î»Î¿Î³Î¯Î±) es:Helios fr:HÃ©lios he:×”×œ×™×•×¡ it:Elio (mitologia) lt:Helijas hu:HÃ©liosz nl:Helios ja:ãƒ˜ãƒªã‚ªã‚¹ pl:Helios pt:HÃ©lios ro:Helios ru:Ð“ÐµÐ»Ð¸Ð¾Ñ? sv:Helios tr:Helios zh:èµ«åˆ©ä¿„æ–¯ {{Infobox_OS | name = HeliOS | logo = | screenshot = | caption = | developer = | family = Unix-like | source_model = | working_state = Historic | latest_release_version = | latest_release_date = | kernel_type = | license = | website = | }} '''HeliOS''' was a Unix-like operating system built by some of the team who had worked on AmigaOS and TRIPOS. Like these two it was designed around a light-weight message-passing kernel (computer science) kernel, but it actually copied the messages from process to process rather than passing a pointer. The unique feature of HeliOS at the time was that it was designed for multiple processors, specifically the INMOS Transputer. Processes were supported by the hardware and could be created on any processor, and HeliOS provided inter-process communication (IPC) that worked no matter what the topography of the parallel array (transputers had four communication links each). The kernel handled message delivery which could include passing through a message intended for a processor a number of steps away. From the user's perspective the system tried to look much like Unix, but with obvious changes such as ps (Unix) ps showing not only what processes were running, but where. {{operating-system-stub}} Category:Unix Category:Operating systems

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