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Holborn tube station

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{{London stations| name = Holborn | image = image:holborn tube station.jpg 300px|Holborn | manager = London Underground .html">Travelcard Zone 1 1 | locale = Kingsway .html">London Borough of Camden Camden | start=1906 (GNP&BR)
Opened 1907 (Aldwych branch)
Opened 1933 (Central Line)
Closed 1994 (Aldwych branch) | platforms=4 | exits= 24.94}} '''Holborn''' is a station of the London Underground in Holborn in London, located at the junction of High Holborn and Kingsway (London) Kingsway It is on the Piccadilly Line between Covent Garden tube station Covent Garden and Russell Square tube station Russell Square, and on the Central Line between Tottenham Court Road tube station Tottenham Court Road and Chancery Lane tube station Chancery Lane. It is in Travelcard Zone 1. It should not be confused with the closed Holborn tramway station which was part of the Kingsway tramway subway.

Chronology
The station was opened by the Piccadilly Line Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway (GNP&BR, now the Piccadilly Line) on 15 December 1906 with the name '''Holborn (Kingsway)'''. Kingsway was a recently constructed new road cutting south from High Holborn through an area of cleared slums to Strand, London Strand. The suffix was dropped from tube maps in the 1960s. Although the Central Line Central London Railway (CLR, now the Central Line) tunnels running under High Holborn had been in operation since 1900 and were only metres from the GNP&BR's tunnels the GNP&BR choose to construct its station 250 metres to the east of where the CLR had constructed its own station, British Museum tube station British Museum. Despite being built and operated by separate companies, it was common for the underground railways to plan routes and locate stations so that interchanges could be formed between services. This had been done by other lines with the CLR stations at Oxford Circus tube station Oxford Cirucs and Tottenham Court Road, but an interchange station was not initially constructed between the GNP&BR and the CLR because the tunnel alignment to British Museum station would not have been suitable for the GNP&BR's route to its Aldwych tube station Strand station (later called ''Aldwych''). The junction between High Holborn and the newly constructed Kingsway was also a more prominent location for a station than that chosen by the CLR. The Central Line platforms were not opened to form an interchange between the lines until 1933. The opening of the GNP&BR branch from Holborn to Strand station was delayed until 30 November 1907 by the construction of the Tramway subway. Image:Holborn Station Original Layout.png thumb|250px|Indicative layout of original GNP&BR platforms Image:HolbornTilework fx wb.jpg thumb|Decorated metal panels on Central Line platforms at Holborn, near the [[British Museum. Includes trompe l'oeil columns and images of artifacts from the museum collection]]

Original configuration of station, 1906
In its original configuration, the GNP&BR station was provided with four platforms. Two platforms catered for through-running services. The other two platforms served the branch line traffic. One of these was a through platform whose tracks connected north of the station to the northbound tracks to Russell Square, the other was a bay platform where trains terminated. To enable the southbound tunnel to avoid the branch tunnels to Aldwych, it and the southbound platform were constructed at a lower level to the other tunnels and platforms. The tunnel towards Covent Garden (at this point heading southwest) passes under the Aldwych tunnels.

Station modernised, 1933
Like many other central London Underground stations, Holborn was modernised in the early 1930s. The station frontages on Kingsway and High Holborn were partially reconstructed to modernist designs by Charles Holden. The lifts were removed and a spacious new ticket hall was provided giving access to a bank of four escalators down to an intermediate concourse at the level of the new Central Line platforms and a second bank of three escalators continuing down to the Piccadilly Line platforms. The new Central Line platforms came into use on 25 September 1933.

Decline of the Aldwych branch
Competing as it did with the tram services along Kingsway, the Aldwych branch was little used even from its opening. In the first year of operation an occasional through service was run northwards only to northern terminus at Finsbury Park station Finsbury Park, but this was ended in 1908 and following that the branch was operated as a shuttle service between Holborn and Aldwych primarily working from the through platform. The bay platform was rarely used and was taken out of operation in 1917 and converted into rooms for use, at various times, as offices, air-raid shelters, store rooms and an electrical sub-station. The eastern of the two tunnels to Aldwych was also decommissioned. During World War II the branch tunnels and Aldwych station were temporarily closed (between 1940 and 1946) and used for storage and as an air-raid shettler. After the war, the service was restored as a rush hours service only. In 1993, London Underground announced that the cost of replacing the lifts at Aldwych was uneconomical and the station was scheduled for closure. After a brief postponement, Aldwych station closed on 30 September 1994.

See also
* Leslie Green - Architect of original station.

Transport connections
London Buses routes 1, 8, 19, 25, 38, 55, 59, 68, 91, 98, 168, 171, 188, 242, 243, 521 and X68 and Night Bus routes N1, N8, N19, N35, N38, N41, N55, N68, N91, N98, N171, N207 serve the station.

External links
* London's Transport Museum Phographic Archive ** {{ltmcollection|36/9897836.jpg|Holborn station, 1925}} ** {{ltmcollection|33/9912033.jpg|Original ticket hall, 1930}} ** {{ltmcollection|tf/i00001tf.jpg|New Central Line platform, 1933}} ** {{ltmcollection|pf/i0000epf.jpg|Oblique angle view of new Kingsway frontage, 1934}} ** {{ltmcollection|88/9865088.jpg|New ticket hall, 1934}} ** {{ltmcollection|n0/i00008n0.jpg|Passengers using the upper bank of escalators, 1937}} ** {{ltmcollection|hd/i00009hd.jpg|Piccadilly Line platform, showing original GNP&BR tiling, 1973}} ** {{ltmcollection|ht/i00005ht.jpg|Central Line platform, showing vitreous enamelled metal cladding panels, 1988}}
- Underground History - Hidden Holborn {{start LUL box}} {{LUL line|previous=Covent Garden tube station Covent Garden|line=Piccadilly Line|next=Russell Square tube station Russell Square}} {{LUL line|previous=Tottenham Court Road tube station Tottenham Court Road|line=Central Line|next=Chancery Lane tube station Chancery Lane}} {{end box}} de:Holborn (London Underground) no:Holborn undergrunnsstasjon Category:Camden Category:Zone 1

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