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Imperial Russia
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{{History_of_Imperial_Russia}}
'''Imperial Russia''' is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of
Russia under
Peter I of Russia Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the
Baltic Sea to the
Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of
Nicholas II of Russia, the last
tsar, at the start of the
Russian Revolution of 1917.
History
{{main|History of Russia}}
Image:Gerb rosimperii.jpg|Great Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire, 1882
Image:SmallCoat_of_Arms_Russian_Empire_1883.gif|Small Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire, 1883
Image:Romanov Flag.svg|Flag of Russian Empire, unofficial use since the 1700s, official since 1858-1883/1896
Image:Flag of Russia.svg|Flag of Russian Empire 1896-1917
The Russian state was officially named the '''Russian Empire''' ({{lang-ru|РоÑ?Ñ?ийÑ?каÑ? ИмпериÑ?}} - transliterated "Rossyiskaya Imperia") from 1721 to 1917.
Image:russmap in 1913.png thumb|225px|The Russian Empire in 1913
The capital city of the Russian Empire was
Saint-Petersburg (after 1914 renamed Petrograd).
At the end of the
19th century the size of the Empire was about 22,400,000 square kilometers (almost 1/6 of the Earth's landmass); its only rival in size was the
British Empire at the time. According to the
Russian Empire Census 1897 census its population was about 128,200,000 people, however, a majority of them (93.4 million) lived in European Russia. More than a 100 different
ethnic groups lived in the Russian Empire (ethnic
Russians were about 45% of the population). In addition to today's Russia prior to 1917 Russian Empire included territories of
Finland (
Grand Duchy of Finland),
Estonia and
Latvia (
Baltic provinces), most of
Lithuania,
Belarus, most of
Ukraine (
Dnieper Ukraine and
Crimea), a significant part of
Poland (
Congress Poland Kingdom of Poland),
Moldova (
Bessarabia),
Caucasus, and most of
Central Asia (
Russian Turkestan).
In 1914 the Russian Empire consisted of 81 provinces (''
guberniyas'') and 20 regions (''
oblasts'').
Vassals and
protectorates of the Russian Empire included the
Emirate of Bukhara, the
Khanate of Khiva and, after 1914,
Tuva (Uriankhai).
The Russian Empire was a
hereditary monarchy headed by an autocratic Emperor (
Czar) from the
Romanov dynasty.
Eastern Orthodox Church Orthodox Christianity was the official faith of the Empire and was controlled by the monarch through the
Holy Synod. Subjects of the Russian Empire were segregated into ''sosloviyes'', or social estates (classes) such as "
dvoryanstvo" (
nobility),
clergy,
merchants,
cossacks and
peasants. Native people of Siberia and Central Asia were officially registered as a category called "inorodtsy" (non-Russians, literally: "people of alien kind").
In addition to Russia proper, the empire consisted of the
constitutional monarchy constitutional monarchies of the
Congress Poland Kingdom of Poland (
1815-
1831) and the
Grand Duchy of Finland (
1809-
1917)
The
coat of arms of the Russian Empire was a
two-headed eagle; the
national anthem - ''
God Save the Tsar'' (''Bozhe, Tsarya khrani''); the
official language -
Russian language Russian.
After the overthrow of monarchy during the
February Revolution of 1917 Russia was declared to be a republic by the
Russian Provisional Government Provisional Government.
This period, together with overlaps with the preceding and subsequent periods, is covered in the following articles.
*
Russian history, 1682-1796
*
Russian history, 1796-1855
*
Russian history, 1855-1892
*
Russian history, 1892-1920
Image:Beggrov3.jpg Saint Petersburg.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|300px|The capital of Imperial Russia was [[Saint Petersburg..html" title="Meaning of 300px|The capital of Imperial Russia was [[Saint Petersburg">thumb|300px|The capital of Imperial Russia was [[Saint Petersburg.">300px|The capital of Imperial Russia was [[Saint Petersburg">thumb|300px|The capital of Imperial Russia was [[Saint Petersburg.
Rulers
Peter the Great changed his title from ''
Czar'' to ''
Emperor'' in 1721 and his successors kept it, but ''tsar''/''tsaritsa'' were still in regular popular use up to the fall of the Russian Empire.
*
Peter I of Russia Peter I (the Great), (1682-1725)
*
Catherine I of Russia Catherine I, (1725-1727)
*
Peter II of Russia Peter II, (1727-1730)
*
Anna of Russia Anna, (1730-1740)
*
Ivan VI of Russia Ivan VI, (1740-1741)
*
Elizabeth of Russia Elizabeth, (1741-1762)
*
Peter III of Russia Peter III, (1762)
*
Catherine II of Russia Catherine II (the Great), (1762-1796)
*
Paul I of Russia Paul I, (1796-1801)
*
Alexander I of Russia Alexander I, (1801-1825)
*
Nicholas I of Russia Nicholas I, (1825-1855)
*
Alexander II of Russia Alexander II, (1855-1881)
*
Alexander III of Russia Alexander III, (1881-1894)
*
Nicholas II of Russia Nicholas II, (1894-1917)
References
*
Library of Congress Country Studies: [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/rutoc.html Russia]
*Hingley, Ronald. ''The Tsars, 1533-1917''. Macmillan, 1968.
*Warnes, David. ''Chronicle of the Russian Tsars: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial Russia''. Thames & Hudson, 1999.
External links
-
The Empire that was Russia: Color photographs of Tsarist Russia
-
Russian Army during the Napoleonic Wars
{{Colonial Empires}}
Category:Imperial Russia
Category:History of Russia
Category:Empires Russia
{{Link FA|fi}}
ar:إمبراطورية روسية
bg:РуÑ?ка империÑ?
de:Russisches Reich
es:Rusia Imperial
eo:Rusia Imperio
fa:روسیه تزاری
fr:Russie impériale
ko:러시아 ì œêµ
id:Kekaisaran Rusia
it:Russia imperiale
he:×”×?ימפריה הרוסית
la:Imperium Russicum
lt:Rusijos imperija
hu:Orosz Birodalom
ja:ãƒã‚·ã‚¢å¸?国
pl:Imperium Rosyjskie
pt:Império Russo
ro:Imperiul Rus
ru:РоÑ?Ñ?ийÑ?каÑ? империÑ?
fi:Venäjän keisarikunta
tt:Räsäy İmperiäse
th:จั�รวรรดิรัสเซีย
zh:俄罗斯�国
Category:Former countries in Europe
Category:History of Russia
Category:Imperialism
Category:Empires
ko:분류:러시아 ì œêµ
ja:Category:ãƒã‚·ã‚¢å¸?国
ru:КатегориÑ?:РоÑ?Ñ?ийÑ?каÑ? империÑ?
sl:Kategorija:Carska Rusija
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