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Imre Nagy
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Image:ImreNagyport.jpg thumb|right|Imre Nagy
'''Imre Nagy''' (born in
Kaposvár,
Hungary June 7 1896, executed
June 16 1958) was Prime Minister of
Hungary on two occasions.
Nagy (pronounced "nadj") was born in a peasant family and was apprenticed to a locksmith, before fighting in the
Austro-Hungarian Army during
World War I on the
Eastern Front (WWI) Eastern Front. He was taken prisoner in
1915. He then became a
Communist, fighting in the
Red Army. He returned to
Hungary after WWI and served in the brief government of
Béla Kun. In 1929 he went to the
Soviet Union, becoming involved in agricultural research, and working in the Hungarian section of
Comintern.
During the time Nagy spent in the Soviet Union, many non-Russian communists were arrested, imprisoned and executed by the Soviet government. In particular, Béla Kun who led the
Hungarian Soviet Republic disappeared in the mid 1930s. This incident spurred panic amongst Hungarian communist emigres, as documented in
Julius Hay's ''Born 1900''. At this time Nagy became an agent for the Soviet security apparatus. This was common practice, and the fact that Nagy survived the 1930s and 1940s indicates that he operated for the security apparatus. (see Granville 1995 and TsKhSD, F. 89, Per. 45, Dok. 82.). It is apparent that Nagy had ceased operating for the Soviet security apparatus by the late 1940s, as at this time he fell from ministerial positions in Hungary.
In 1944 he returned to Hungary again, and served in the Communist government, as
Minister of Agriculture and in other posts, becoming an expert on peasants' welfare.
After two years as Prime Minister (1953-1955), during which he promoted his "New Course" Nagy was forced to resign and was expelled from the
Communist Party by hardline colleagues, including First Secretary
Mátyás Rákosi as a result of the liberalizing tendency that he showed in this office. He then spent time teaching.
He became Prime Minister again during the brief
1956 Hungarian Revolution anti-Soviet revolution in
1956, through popular support, replacing the hardliner
András Hegedűs. But was forced to work with hardliner
Erno Gero Ernő Gerő, who remained the First Party Secretary.
On 31 October he announced Hungary's withdrawal from the
Warsaw Pact and on 1 November he appealed through the UN for the great powers, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, to recognize Hungarian neutrality. (Gyorgy Litvan, The Hungarian Revolution of 1956, (Longman House: New York, 1996), 55-59)
Image:Imre Nagy, Budapest statue.jpg thumb|right|Imre Nagy, statue at Vértanúk tere (Martyrs' square) in [[Budapest]]
Image:Imre Nagy, Budapest, facing Parliament.jpg thumb|right|Imre Nagy, facing the Parliament
When the revolution was crushed by the Soviet invasion of the country, Nagy, with others, secured sanctuary in the Yugoslav Embassy. He was arrested,
22 November, in violation of a guarantee of free passage and taken to
Romania. He was then returned to
Budapest and executed (
Hanging hanged), with others, after a secret trial in June 1958.
He was buried along with others in a distant corner (section 301) of the Municipal Cemetery outside
Budapest to which access was not allowed until 1989. Next to his grave stands a memorial bell inscribed in
Latin, Hungarian, German and English. The Latin reads: "Vivos voco Mortuos plango Fulgura frango," which is translated as: "I call the living, I mourn the dead, I chase the lightning."
During the time when the Communist leadership of Hungary would not mark or allow access to his true burial place, a cenotaph in his honor was placed in
Père Lachaise Père Lachaise Cemetery in
Paris. In 1989 he was rehabilitated and his remains reburied in a state funeral.
The collected writings of Nagy were published as "Imre Nagy On Communism."
In 2003 and 2004 the Hungarian director
Márta Mészáros created a film on his life after the revolution, called "The Unburied Dead" ([http://imdb.com/title/tt0371307/ Imdb entry]).
{{start box}}
{{succession box|title=
Prime Minister of Hungary.html">Mátyás Rákosi
after=András Hegedus|András Hegedűs|years=1953–1955}}
{{succession box|title=
Prime Minister of Hungary.html">András Hegedus
András Hegedűs|after=
János Kádár|years=1956}}
{{end box}}
References
#
Gyula Háy [
Julius Hay Hay, Julius ]. ''Born 1900: memoirs.'' Hutchinson: 1974.
# Granville, Joanna. "Imre Nagy, aka "Volodya" - a dent in the martyr's halo?" ''Cold War International History Project Bulletin'' 5 (1995): 28, 34-36.
# KGB Chief Kryuchkov to CC CPSU,
16 June 1989 (trans. Joanna Granville). ''Cold War International History Project Bulletin'' 5 (1995): 36 [from: TsKhSD, F. 89, Per. 45, Dok. 82.]
Further reading
*Alajos Dornbach, ''The Secret Trial of Imre Nagy'', Greenwood Press, 1995. ISBN 0275943321
*Peter Unwin, ''Voice in the Wilderness: Imre Nagy and the Hungarian Revolution'', Little, Brown, 1991. ISBN 0356203166
Category:1896 births Nagy, Imre
Category:1958 deaths Nagy, Imre
Category:Comintern people Nagy, Imre
Category:Hungarian communists Nagy, Imre
Category:Hungarian politicians Nagy, Imre
Category:Prime Ministers of Hungary Nagy, Imre
Category:Executed politicians Nagy, Imre
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