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Indonesia

*** Shopping-Tip: Indonesia
{{Infobox_Country| native_name = ''Republik Indonesia'' | conventional_long_name = Republic of Indonesia | common_name = Indonesia | image_flag = Flag_of_Indonesia.svg | image_coat = Coat_of_Indonesia.png | image_map = LocationIndonesia.png | national_motto = Bhinneka Tunggal Ika
(Javanese language#Old Javanese Old Javanese/Kawi language Kawi: Unity in Diversity)
ideology National ideology: Pancasila Indonesia Pancasila| national_anthem = Indonesia Raya | official_languages = Indonesian language Indonesian Indonesia, a standard language standardized dialect of the Malay language) | capital = Jakarta |latd=6|latm=08|latNS=S|longd=106|longm=45|longEW=E| largest_city = Jakarta | government_type = Republic | leader_titles = List of Presidents of Indonesia President
List of Vice Presidents of Indonesia Vice President | leader_names = Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Jusuf Kalla Jusuf Kalla | area_rank = 15th | area_magnitude = 1_E10 | area=1,919,440 | areamiÂ²= 741,100 | percent_water = 4.85% | population_estimate = 241,973,879 | population_estimate_year = 2005 | population_estimate_rank = 4th | population_census=206,264,595| population_census_year=2000| population_density = 126 | population_densitymiÂ² =326 | population_density_rank = 61 | GDP_PPP_year=2004 | GDP_PPP = $827.4 billion | GDP_PPP_rank = 15th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $3,500 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 109th | HDI_year = 2003 | HDI = 0.697 | HDI_rank = 110th | HDI_category = medium | sovereignty_type = Independence | established_events = - Declared
- Recognised | established_dates = From Netherlands
17 August 1945
27 December 1949 | currency = Rupiah | currency_code = IDR | time_zone= various | utc_offset= +7 to +9 | time_zone_DST= not observed | utc_offset_DST= +7 to +9| cctld= .id | calling_code = 62 | footnotes = }} The '''Republic of Indonesia''' (Bahasa Indonesia: ''Republik Indonesia'') is located in the Asian Archipelago, the world's largest archipelago, between Indochina and Australia, between the Indian Ocean Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the most populous Muslim-majority nation in the world and the fourth List of countries by population most populous overall. It has had free elections since the Indonesian 1998 Revolution 1998 Revolution which led to the resignation of President Suharto, who came to power in 1967.

History
{{Main|History of Indonesia}} Image:Prambanam.JPG Siva.html" title="Meaning of left left|thumb|250px|Shown here is a 1100-year-old [[Siva temple in Java (island) Java, Indonesia. Prambanan temple complex is one of the largest Hindu temples in south-east Asia..html" title="Meaning of thumb|250px|Shown here is a 1100-year-old [[Siva">left|thumb|250px|Shown here is a 1100-year-old [[Siva temple in Java (island) Java, Indonesia. Prambanan temple complex is one of the largest Hindu temples in south-east Asia.">thumb|250px|Shown here is a 1100-year-old [[Siva">left|thumb|250px|Shown here is a 1100-year-old [[Siva temple in Java (island) Java, Indonesia. Prambanan temple complex is one of the largest Hindu temples in south-east Asia. The earliest historical record is in Ujung Kulon National Park, West Java. An early Hindu archeological relic of a Ganesha statue from the 1st Century AD has been found on the summit of Mount Raksa in Panaitan Island. Based on archeological dig, there was a kingdom in Tatar Sunda / Sunda Territory (West Java) at second century AD. According to Dr Tony Djubiantono, the head of Bandung Archeology Agency, Jiwa Temple in Batujajar, Karawang, Java was built on the second century AD. Three rough plinths dating from the beginning of the fourth century are found in Kutai, East Kalimantan, near Mahakam River. The pliths are recorded in the Pallava script of India. The inscription reads: "A gift to the Brahmin priests". On the "Batu Tulis" monument (huge black boulder) near Bogor, West Java, around 450 A.D king Purnawarna inscribed his name and made an imprint of his footprints, as well as his elephant's footprints. The accompanying inscription reads, 'Here are the footprints of King Purnawarna, the heroic conqueror of the world'. This inscription is in Sanskrit and is still clear after 1500 years. Under the influences of Hinduism and Buddhism, several kingdoms formed on the islands of Sumatra and Java (island) Java from the 7th century 7th to 14th century. The arrival of Arabs trading in spices later brought Islam, which became the dominant religion in many parts of the archipelago after the collapse of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms. When the Portugal Portuguese came in early 16th century, they found a multitude of small states, vulnerable to the Portuguese, and later other Europeans wanting to dominate the spice trade. In the 17th century, the Netherlands Dutch became the most powerful of the Europeans, ousting the Spain Spanish and Portuguese (except for their colony of Portuguese Timor on the island of Timor). Dutch influence started with trading by the Dutch East India Company (VOC), a chartered private enterprise constituting a state in all but name, complete with its own fleet and army, which gradually expanded its influence and grip on political matters. Like the British, the Dutch mainly relied on indirect rule, using traditional native elites as vassals, while imposing their will and extracting major income under supervision by their colonial officials. After VOC was dissolved in 1799 by the Batavian Republic (Napoleon_I_of_France Napoleon's Dutch satellite state) and the political instability from the Napoleonic Wars including partial British occupation, the East Indies were awarded to the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815. Since then, the East Indies were officially ruled as the major colonies of the Dutch crown. Under the 19th-century Cultivation System (''Cultuurstelsel''), large plantations and forced cultivation were established on Java, finally creating the profit for the Netherlands that the VOC had been unable to produce. In a more liberal period of colonial rule after 1870, the Cultivation System was abolished, and after 1901 the Dutch introduced the Ethical Policy, which included limited political reform and increased investment in the colony. During World War II, with the Netherlands under Germany German Military occupation occupation, Japan began a five-prong campaign in December 1941 towards Java and the vital fuel supplies of the Dutch East Indies. Though Japan captured Java by March 1942, it initially could not find any national leader willing to collaborate with the Japanese government against the Dutch. Eventually the Japanese commander ordered Sukarnoâ€™s release from his prison island, and in July 1942, Sukarno arrived in Jakarta. Sukarno and his colleagues collaborated with the Japanese occupiers. In 1945, with the war drawing to a close, Sukarno was made aware of an opportunity to declare independence. In response to lobbying, Japan agreed to allow Sukarno to establish a committee to plan for independence. Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared independence on 17 August. Following the defeat of Japan in the World War, the Royal Netherlands Army Netherlands' Army, at first backed by the British, attempted to reoccupy their former East Indies colonies. Indonesia's war for independence lasted from 1945 until 27 December, 1949 when, under heavy international pressure, especially from the United States, which threatened to cut off Marshall Plan funds, the Netherlands acknowledged the independence of Indonesia as a Federation of autonomous states. This federation soon became a republic with Sukarno as president and Hatta as vice president. ''See Indonesian National Revolution''. It was not until 16 august 2005 that the Dutch government recognized 1945 as the country's year of independence and expressed regrets over the Indonesian deaths caused by the Netherlands' Army. The 1950s and 1960s saw Sukarno's government aligned first with the emerging non-aligned movement and later with the socialist bloc. The 1960s saw Indonesia in a military Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation confrontation against neighbouring Malaysia, and increasing frustration over domestic economic difficulties. Army general Suharto became president in 1967 on the pretext of securing the country against an alleged Communism communist coup attempt against a weakening Sukarno, whose tilt leftward had alarmed both the military and Western powers. In the aftermath of Suharto's rise, hundreds of thousands people were killed or imprisoned by the military and religious groups in a backlash against alleged communist supporters. Suharto's administration is commonly called the ''New Order (Indonesia) New Order'' era. Suharto invited major foreign investment, which produced substantial, if uneven, economic growth. However, Suharto enriched himself and his family through widespread political corruption corruption and was forced to step down amid massive popular demonstrations and a faltering economy by the Indonesian Revolution of 1998. From 1998 to 2005, the country had four President of Indonesia presidents: Jusuf Habibie Bacharuddin Jusuf (BJ) Habibie (1998 to 1999), Abdurrahman Wahid (1999 to 2001), Megawati Sukarnoputri (2001 to 2004) and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004 to Current). On May 21, 1998, President Soeharto announced his resignation and ask Indonesian Vice President DR BJ Habibie to become the new Indonesian President. DR BJ Habibie was a famous aircraft designer and former Indonesian minister of research and technology. He was the chief of Indonesian Nurtanio Aircraft Industry (IPTN) (now become PT Dirgantara Indonesia). President Habibie was born in Makassar, Sulawesi and become the first Indonesian President from outside Java. President BJ Habibie promised a multiparty, free, democratic election in 1999. He encouraged freedom of the press. His presidency was plagued by various bloody conflicts in Aceh, West Papua, Maluku, Poso (Sulawesi), and Kalimantan, though some (such as those in Aceh and West Papua) were already long-running when he took over. There was a major financial scandal (Bank Bali case) related to his friends and the staff of his political party. On 1999, President BJ Habibie agreed to hold a referendum in East Timor. The result of the referendum was an overwhelming vote for independence from Indonesia. After the announcement of the result, there was a bloody riot in East Timor by the angry pro-Indonesia militia. The militia burned down houses, shops, schools, churches and government buildings. Hundreds of people were killed. The UN sent a peace keeping force to East Timor (UNTAET). The UN Human Rights Commision alleged that several Indonesian government staff and military officers were responsible for the riot. The Indonesian Human Rights Court freed all but one suspect. The only suspect punished for the human rights violation during the riot was Enrico Gutierrez, a former leader of the pro-Indonesia militia. There was a general election for members of Indonesian parliament MPR (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR) / People's Consultative Assembly and Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) / People Representative Council in 1999 and 2004. On the same 2004 election, people also voted for members of a new parliament body called Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD) / Provinces Representative Council. In 1999, the parliament (MPR) rejected President Habibie's accountability speech because of the result of the East Timor referendum. President Habibie decided to resign and refused to run for a second term. The parliament choose KH Abdulrahman Wahid (aka Gus Dur) as the new Indonesian President from 1999 to 2004. KH Abdulrahman Wahid was the leader of the most powerful Indonesian Islamic organization, Nadathul Ulama (NU). Unfortunately, he was plagued by serious health problems after a stroke (before he became the Indonesian President). The parliament also choose Mrs. Megawati Soekarnoputri as the new Indonesian Vice President. In 2001 the same parliament voted "No confidence" after a corruption scandal (Bulog fund) and a political crisis, forcing President Wahid to resign, and chose Mrs. Megawati Soekarnoputri as the new Indonesian president from 2001 to 2004. Mrs. Megawati is the daughter of the first Indonesian President, Ir. Soekarno, and the leader of PDI-P, the winner of 1999 election. Indonesia's first direct presidential election was held in 2004, and won by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. It was the largest one-day election in the world. A massive 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake earthquake and tsunami on 26 December 2004 devastated parts of northern Sumatra, particularly Aceh. On March 2005, a powerful earthquake destroyed most buildings on Nias Island, west of Sumatra. Hundreds of people were killed. Partly as a result of the need for cooperation and peace during the recovery from the tsunami in Aceh, peace talks between the Indonesian government and Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (Free Aceh Movement, usually abbreviated GAM) were restarted and have borne fruit in a peace agreement. Under the agreement, GAM is in the process of being disarmed by international observers and Indonesian troops are being completely withdrawn from the region. GAM is being permitted to run for office in the region, in a break with the Constitutional requirement that all parties that run for elections must have nationwide support. The agreement remains controversial and could still founder, but for now, Aceh has the quiet it so desperately needs as people try to reconstruct their lives.

Politics
{{Main|Politics of Indonesia}} The highest legislative body is the ''Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat'' (MPR , Chairman: Hidayat Nur Wahid) or 'People's Consultative Assembly', consisting of the ''Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat'' (DPR, Deputy Speaker: Agung Laksono) or People's Representative Council, elected for a five-year term, and the ''Dewan Perwakilan Daerah'' (DPD, President: Ginandjar Kartasasmita) or Regional Representatives Council. Following elections in 2004, the MPR became a bicameral parliament, with the creation of the DPD as its second chamber. Indonesia is a founding member of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), and thereby a member of both ASEAN+3 and the East Asia Summit (EAS).

Provinces & Subdivisions
{{Main|Provinces of Indonesia}}, Subdivisions of Indonesia Image:Indonesia provinces english.png right|thumb|400px|Map of the provinces of Indonesia Currently, Indonesia has 33 Provinces_of_Indonesia provinces (of those, 2 are special territories and 1 special capital region). The provinces are subdivided into Regencies_of_Indonesia regencies and Cities_of_Indonesia cities, which are in turn split up in Sub-districts of Indonesia sub-districts. The provinces are: Bali, Bangka-Belitung, Banten, Bengkulu, Central Java, Central Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, East Java, East Kalimantan, East Nusa Tenggara, South Sumatra, Gorontalo, Jambi, Lampung, Maluku (Indonesian province) Maluku, North Maluku, North Sulawesi, North Sumatra, Papua (Indonesian province) Papua, Riau, Riau Kepulauan, South East Sulawesi, South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, West Irian Jaya, West Java, West Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, West Sulawesi, West Sumatra The special territories (''daerah istimewa'') are Aceh (or ''Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam'') and Yogyakarta. Special territories have more autonomy from the central government than other provinces, and so have unique legislative privileges: the Acehnese government has the right to create an independent legal system, and instituted a form of ''sharia'' (Islamic Law) in 2003; Yogyakarta remains a sultanate whose sultan (currently the widely popular Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X) is the territory's ''de facto'' governor for life. The special capital region is Jakarta. Though Jakarta is a single city, it is administered much as any other Indonesian province. For example, Jakarta has a governor (instead of a mayor), and is divided into several sub-regions with their own administrative systems. East Timor was a province of Indonesia from 1975, when it was annexed by military invasion, until Indonesia relinquished sovereignty in 1999 after years of bitter fighting against East Timor guerrilla warfare guerrillas and abuses by Indonesian military forces against the East Timorese civilians. Following a period of United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor transitional administration by the UN, it became an independent state in 2002.

Geography
Image:Indonesia - Sangeang Api.jpg thumb|300px|right|Indonesia is a country with many volcanoes and islands. Sangeang Api island is a typical example. {{Main|Geography of Indonesia}} Indonesia's Islands of Indonesia 18,108 islands, of which about 7,000 are inhabited, are scattered around the equator, giving the country a tropical climate. The most populated islands are Java (island) Java (one of the most densely populated regions on Earth, where about half of the population lives), Sumatra, Borneo (shared with Malaysia and Brunei), New Guinea (shared with Papua New Guinea) and Sulawesi, also known as Celebes. Indonesia borders Malaysia on the island of Borneo (Indonesian language Indonesian: Kalimantan), Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea and East Timor on the island of Timor. In addition to the capital city of Jakarta, principal cities of high population include Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, Palembang, and Semarang. Image:Mahameru-volcano.jpg thumb|200px|left|Indonesia's seismic and volcanic activity is among the Earth's highest Its location on the edges of tectonic plates, specifically the Pacific, Eurasian, and Australian, means Indonesia is frequently hit by earthquakes and the resulting tsunamis. Indonesia is also rich in volcanoes, the most famous being the now-vanished Krakatoa Krakatau (''Krakatoa''), which was located between Sumatra and Java. Flora and fauna differ markedly between Kalimantan, Bali, and western islands on the one hand and Sulawesi(Celebes), Lombok, and islands further east on the other. This ecological boundary has been called the Wallace line after its discoverer. The line is often given as the boundary between Asia and Australasia, as such making Indonesia a bicontinental country. See also: Asia#Map Map of Asia

Economy
Image:Pachung%2C_Bali_200507-2.jpg Irrigation.html"_title="Meaning of thumb thumb|300px|right|[[Irrigation_in Pachung, Bali..html" title="Meaning of 300px|right|[[Irrigation">thumb|300px|right|[[Irrigation in Pachung, Bali.">300px|right|[[Irrigation">thumb|300px|right|[[Irrigation in Pachung, Bali. {{Main|Economy of Indonesia}} Indonesia's economy suffered greatly in the late 1990s, partly due to the Asian financial crisis financial crisis that struck most of Asia at the time. It has stabilized somewhat since then. The country has extensive natural resources outside Java, including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper and gold. Indonesia is the world's second-largest exporter of natural gas, though it has recently become a net importer of crude oil. Major agricultural products include palm oil, rice, tea, coffee, spices and rubber. The central bank of Indonesia is Bank Indonesia [http://www.bi.go.id]. Indonesia's major trading partners are Japan, the United States and the surrounding nations of Singapore, Malaysia and Australia. Despite being the only Asian member of OPEC, Indonesia's fuel production has declined significantly over the years, owing to aging oil fields and lack of investment in new equipment. As a result, despite being an exporter of crude oil, Indonesia is now a net importer of oil and had previously subsidized fuel prices to keep prices low, costing US$ 7 billion in 2004 [http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/GC10Ae04.html]. The current president has mandated a significant reduction of government subsidy of fuel prices in several stages [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4200100.stm]. In order to alleviate economic hardships, the government has offered one-time subsidies to qualified citizens. The economy is now undergoing rebuilding after the December 2004 tsunami. The government has stated to reduce subsidies, aiming to reduce the budget deficit to 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) this year, down from around 1.6% last year.

Demographics
{{Main|Demographics of Indonesia}} Indonesia's population statistics are difficult to estimate. In the 2000 national census, an initial population estimate of 203 million was recorded: most of the population of Aceh was estimated from previous counts as the conflict meant that a survey was not possible, as were hard-to-reach regions of Papua (Indonesian province) Papua. The Indonesian government later revised the estimate up to 206 million. Internationally, an undercount had been assumed, though there is no data to confirm it. The country's Central Statistics Bureau ([http://www.bps.go.id BPS]) and '''Statistics Indonesia''' quote 219.9 million as the population for 2005, while the CIA Factbook estimates are over 240 million. Some parts of Indonesia are some of the most densely populated areas in the world: for example, Java (island) Java is the most populous island in the world and many Indonesian cities are some of the most populous and densely populated. Indonesia's population can be roughly divided into two groups. The west of the country is Asian and the people are mostly Malay people Malay, while the east is more Pacific and people on New Guinea are Papuan, with roots in the islands of Melanesia. There are, however, many more subdivisions, since Indonesia spans an area the size of Europe or the USA and consists of many islands that to a large degree had separate developments. Many Indonesians identify with a more specific ethnic group that is often linked to language and regional origins; examples of these are Javanese, Sundanese, or Batak (Indonesia) Batak. There are also quite different groups within many islands, such as Borneo, with its Dayak and Punan, who have different lifestyles and skintones. The total number of languages/ethnic groups for Indonesia is 742, and the province of Papua alone has some 269 different ethnic groups. Most Indonesians speak a local language (''bahasa daerah'') as their first tongue, but the official national language, Indonesian language Indonesian (locally called ''Bahasa Indonesia'') is almost universally taught in schools and is spoken by nearly every Indonesian. It was originally a lingua franca for most of the region, including present-day Malaysia (and is thus closely related to Malay language Malay), accepted by the Dutch as the de facto language for the colony, and declared the official language after independence. The formerly large, influential Eurasian community (locally known as Indo) has largely left the country for the Netherlands, California and Australia, but some Eurasians remain in Indonesia and are highly esteemed models and soap opera stars. Indonesia has serious ethnic tensions, particularly between Indonesian Chinese Indonesians of Chinese ethnicity and the Pribumi peoples, who are considered natives of Indonesia. "Non-Pribumi" people are not always considered entirely Indonesian. The Jakarta Riots of May 1998 riots in Jakarta in 1997 and 1998 highlight this recurring tension. Ethnic relations are strained mostly due to a perception that the Chinese community is too rich relative to the Pribumis, and that this is unfair. It is indisputable that the Chinese community is on average wealthier than the Pribumis, and positions of power and influence in the business sphere are indeed held by relatively few very wealthy ethnic Chinese Indonesians. However, some of the resentment may be against the shopkeepers and more or less small-time creditors who constitute much of the Chinese Indonesian community. Chinese people occupied these roles under Dutch rule, and were used as middlemen and treated as second-class citizens, while Pribumi peasants and laborers were treated as third-class citizens. Chinese-owned shops, and the families living and working in storefront dwellings were the target of much of the wrath of the rioters. The Indonesian government is attempting to remedy problems which helped trigger the riots, but due to widespread corruption and discontent experienced by poorer Indonesians, ethnic harmony is slow in coming. The corruption, collusion, and nepotism which characterized Suharto's presidency built up a public resentment that led to the eventual downfall of the Orde Baru regime but also clearly exacerbated ethnic tensions in Indonesia. Another type of ethnic conflict that occurs with some frequency and lethality in certain areas of Indonesia is between people with deep roots in those areas and Javanese and Madurese people whose internal migration (transmigrasi) to those areas was facilitated by the central government. This type of conflict often takes on religious overtones, too, as Muslim Javanese and Madurese find themselves in areas which were predominantly Christian or animist. A particularly horrific example of this type of ethnic violence occurred in West Kalimantan, where some members of the local Dayak community massacred hundreds of Madurese, and the survivors ran for their lives. Other places where conflicts at least partly sparked by differences between internal migrants and members of the pre-existing local population have resulted in fatalities include Ambon City Ambon, Sulawesi Tengah, and parts of Western New Guinea (formerly known as Irian Jaya). Islam is Islam in Indonesia Indonesia's main religion, with almost 88% of Indonesians declared Muslim according to the 2000 religious census, making Indonesia the most populous Muslim-majority nation in the world. The remaining population is 8% Christianity Christian (of which roughly 75% are Protestant, the remainder mainly Catholic, and a large minority Charismatic movement Charismatic), 3% Hindu and 1% Buddhism Buddhist, with small communities of Jews. Before the arrival of the Abrahamic faiths of Christianity and Islam in the Malay Archipelago, the popular beliefs in region had been thoroughly influenced by Indic religious philosophy through Hinduism and Buddhism. Although Islam was once mainly practiced in Java and parts of Sumatra, the transmigration program has increased the number of Muslims living in Bali, Borneo, the Celebes, the Moluccas, and Papua. After independence, syncretism and intermarriage has decreased somewhat and religious divides sharpened, leading to communal violence in many eastern islands and in Java. Although only about 3% of Indonesians are officially Hindu, Indonesian beliefs are too complex to classify as belonging to a single world religion. In Java in particular, a substantial number of Muslims follow a non-orthodox, Hindu-influenced form of Islam known as Abangan, while across the archipelago the Hindu legacy, along with the older mystic traditions, influences popular beliefs. Indonesians are required to declare themselves as one of these official religions. As a result, many Indonesian "Muslims" are non-practicing, follow Indonesia's animist traditions (a fact that the government strenuously denies), or are entirely secular.

Culture
Image:WayangKulit Scene Zoom.JPG Wayang thumb|[[Wayang|Wayang kulit as seen by the audience.html" title="Meaning of Wayang_kulit.html" title="Meaning of thumb|[[Wayang|Wayang kulit">thumb|[[Wayang|Wayang kulit as seen by the audience">Wayang_kulit.html" title="Meaning of thumb|[[Wayang|Wayang kulit">thumb|[[Wayang|Wayang kulit as seen by the audience {{Main|Culture of Indonesia}} Art forms in Indonesia have been influenced by several cultures. The famous Javanese and Balinese people Balinese dances, for example, contain aspects of Hindu culture and mythology. Also well-known are the Javanese and Balinese Wayang wayang kulit shadow theatre shows, displaying several mythological events. Several islands are famous for their batik, ikat and songket cloth. ''Pencak Silat'' is a unique martial art originating from the archipelago.

See also
{{Indonesian_Topics}}

Further reading
* Theodore Friend, ''Indonesian Destinies'', [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/ Harvard University Press], 2003, hardcover, 544 pages, ISBN 0674011376 * Steven Drakeley: ''The history of Indonesia'', Westport, Connecticut : Greenwood, 2005, 201 pages, ISBN 0-313-33114-6

External links
{{sisterlinks|Indonesia}} '''Official sites (owned and operated by the government of Indonesia and its agencies)'''
- Antara — National News Agency
- Bank Indonesia — Indonesian Central Bank
- Info-RI — National Information Portal (in Indonesian)
- List of Indonesian embassies and consulates worldwide (Department of Foreign Affairs)
- National Portal of Republic of Indonesia (in Indonesian)
- RRI — National Radio Network
- TVRI — National Television Network (in Indonesian)
- PresidenSBY — Presidential Official Website (in Indonesian and English) '''Other sites (''not'' owned nor operated by the government of Indonesia and its agencies)''' * {{wikitravel}}
- Travelings Indonesia (Travel Blogs)
- Indonesia Headlines - Indonesia's news from many sources (in Indonesian & English))
- Kompas - Indonesia's most widely circulated newspaper (in Indonesian)
- The Jakarta Post - in English
- INDOC Database on Indonesian Labour
- Indonesia House (in English and in Dutch)
- Indonesia Matters
- Paras Indonesia
- Inside Indonesia Journal
- News from Indonesia (in English and in Indonesian)
- Gimonca (History of Indonesia)
- Discover Indonesia (Culture & People of Indonesia)
- Portal and Gateway to Indonesia (Culture & People of Indonesia)
- Free photos from Indonesia (Photography) ''Miscelanous Links''
- Temple in West Java
- http://www.esamskriti.com/html/new_inside.asp?cat_name=history&cid=976&sid=161 - History of Indonesia - India relationship. {{Southeast Asia}} {{Asia}} Category:ASEAN member states Category:Bicontinental countries Category:Indonesia Category:Island nations Category:Republics Category:Southeast Asian countries ar:Ø¥Ù†Ø¯ÙˆÙ†ÙŠØ³ÙŠØ§ an:Indonesia ast:Indonesia bg:Ð˜Ð½Ð´Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð¸Ñ? zh-min-nan:ÃŒn-nÃ® bs:Indonezija ca:IndonÃ¨sia cs:IndonÃ©sie cy:Indonesia da:Indonesien de:Indonesien et:Indoneesia es:Indonesia eo:Indonezio eu:Indonesia fa:Ø§Ù†Ø¯ÙˆÙ†Ø²ÛŒ fr:IndonÃ©sie fy:Yndoneezje gl:Indonesia ko:ì?¸ë?„ë„¤ì‹œì•„ ht:Endonezi hi:à¤‡à¤‚à¤¡à¥‹à¤¨à¥‡à¤¶à¤¿à¤¯à¤¾ hr:Indonezija io:Indonezia ilo:Indonesia id:Indonesia ia:Indonesia is:IndÃ³nesÃa it:Indonesia he:×?×™× ×“×•× ×–×™×” jv:Indonesia ka:áƒ˜áƒœáƒ“áƒ?áƒœáƒ”áƒ–áƒ˜áƒ? ku:Indonesiya kw:Indonesi la:Indonesia lv:IndonÄ“zija lt:Indonezija li:IndonesiÃ« hu:IndonÃ©zia mi:InitonÄ«hia ms:Indonesia na:Indonesia nl:IndonesiÃ« nds:Indonesien ja:ã‚¤ãƒ³ãƒ‰ãƒ?ã‚·ã‚¢ no:Indonesia nn:Indonesia oc:Indonesia pl:Indonezja pt:IndonÃ©sia ro:Indonezia ru:Ð˜Ð½Ð´Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð¸Ñ? se:Indonesia sa:à¤‡à¤¨à¥?à¤¦à¥‹à¤¨à¥‡à¤¶à¤¿à¤¯à¤¾ sq:Indonezia scn:Indunesia simple:Indonesia sk:IndonÃ©zia sl:Indonezija sr:Ð˜Ð½Ð´Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð¸Ñ˜Ð° su:IndonÃ©sia fi:Indonesia sv:Indonesien tl:Indonesia tg:Ð˜Ð½Ð´Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð¸Ñ? te:à°‡à°‚à°¡à±‹à°¨à±‡à°¸à°¿à°¯à°¾ th:à¸ªà¸²à¸˜à¸²à¸£à¸“à¸£à¸±à¸?à¸à¸´à¸™à¹‚à¸”à¸™à¸µà¹€à¸‹à¸µà¸¢ vi:Indonesia tr:Endonezya uk:Ð†Ð½Ð´Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ·Ñ–Ñ? zh:å?°åº¦å°¼è¥¿äºš {{sisterlinkswp|Category:Indonesia}} {{catmore}} Category:Southeast Asian countries ar:ØªØµÙ†ÙŠÙ?:Ø¥Ù†Ø¯ÙˆÙ†ÙŠØ³ÙŠØ§ bg:ÐšÐ°Ñ‚ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ?:Ð˜Ð½Ð´Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð¸Ñ? zh-min-nan:Category:ÃŒn-nÃ® ca:Categoria:IndonÃ¨sia cs:Kategorie:IndonÃ©sie da:Kategori:Indonesien de:Kategorie:Indonesien et:Kategooria:Indoneesia es:CategorÃa:Indonesia eo:Kategorio:Indonezio fr:CatÃ©gorie:IndonÃ©sie gl:Category:Indonesia ko:ë¶„ë¥˜:ì?¸ë?„ë„¤ì‹œì•„ io:Category:Indonezia id:Kategori:Indonesia is:Flokkur:IndÃ³nesÃa it:Categoria:Indonesia he:×§×˜×’×•×¨×™×”:×?×™× ×“×•× ×–×™×” ka:áƒ™áƒ?áƒ¢áƒ”áƒ’áƒ?áƒ áƒ˜áƒ?:áƒ˜áƒœáƒ“áƒ?áƒœáƒ”áƒ–áƒ˜áƒ? lb:Category:Indonesien lt:Kategorija:Indonezija ms:Kategori:Indonesia na:Category:Indonesia nl:Categorie:IndonesiÃ« ja:Category:ã‚¤ãƒ³ãƒ‰ãƒ?ã‚·ã‚¢ no:Kategori:Indonesia nn:Kategori:Indonesia pl:Kategoria:Indonezja pt:Categoria:IndonÃ©sia ro:Categorie:Indonezia ru:ÐšÐ°Ñ‚ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ?:Ð˜Ð½Ð´Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð¸Ñ? simple:Category:Indonesia sl:Kategorija:Indonezija sr:ÐšÐ°Ñ‚ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°:Ð˜Ð½Ð´Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð¸Ñ˜Ð° sh:Category:Indonezija fi:Luokka:Indonesia sv:Kategori:Indonesien tl:Category:Indonesia th:Category:à¸›à¸£à¸°à¹€à¸—à¸¨à¸à¸´à¸™à¹‚à¸”à¸™à¸µà¹€à¸‹à¸µà¸¢ tr:Kategori:Endonezya zh:Category:å?°å°¼ see Template:Provinces of Indonesia

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