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Italic languages

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{{Template:Indo-European}} The '''Italic''' subfamily is a member of the Centum branch of the Indo-European languages Indo-European language family. It includes the Romance languages (including, among others, French language French, Italian language Italian and Spanish language Spanish), and a number of extinct languages. Italic has two known branches: * '''Osco-Umbrian languages Sabellic''', including: ** Oscan language Oscan, was spoken in the south-central region of the Italian peninsula ** Umbrian group, including: *** Umbrian language Umbrian (not to be confused with the modern Umbrian dialect of Italian), was spoken in the north-central region *** Volscian language Volscian *** Aequian language Aequian *** Marsian language Marsian, the language of the Marsi ** South Picene language South Picene, in east-central Italy * '''Latino-Faliscan languages Latino-Faliscan''', including: ** Faliscan language Faliscan, was spoken in the area around Falerii Veteres (modern Civita Castellana) north of the city of Rome ** Latin, was spoken in west-central Italy, the Roman conquests eventually spreading it throughout the empire and beyond *** Romance languages, the descendants of Latin The Italic speakers were not native to Italy, but migrated into the Italian peninsula in the course of the 2nd millennium BC. Archaeologically, the Appenine culture (inhumations) enters the Italian peninsula from ca. 1350 BC, east to west; the Iron Age reaches Italy from ca. 1100 BC, with the Villanovan culture (cremating), intruding north to south. Before the Italic arrival, Italy was populated primarily by non-Indo-European groups (perhaps including the Etruscans). The first settlement on the Palatine hill dates to ca. 750 BC, settlements on the Quirinal to 720 BC (see Founding of Rome). The closest relatives of the Italic languages are Celtic languages see: Italo-Celtic. The Italic languages are first attested in writing from Umbrian and Faliscan inscriptions dating to the 7th century BC. The alphabets used are based on the Old Italic alphabet, which is itself based on the Greek alphabet. The Italic languages themselves show minor influence from the Etruscan language Etruscan and somewhat more from the Ancient Greek languages. As Roman Republic Rome extended its political dominion over the whole of the Italian peninsula, so too did Latin become dominant over the other Italic languages, which ceased to be spoken perhaps sometime in the 1st century AD. From so-called Vulgar Latin the Romance languages emerged. The ancient Venetic language, as revealed by inscriptions (including complete sentences) is considered by many linguists to have been very close to the Italic languages and it is sometimes even classified as Italic.

See also
* Language families and languages

References
* Ernst Pulgram: ''Tongues of Italy, Prehistory and History'' * Helmut Rix Rix, Helmut (2004). Ausgliederung und Aufgliederung der italischen Sprachen. ''Languages in Prehistoric Europe''. ISBN 3-8253-1449-9 Category:Italic languages * af:Italiese tale ast:Llingües itáliques az:Ä°talik qrupu bg:ИталийÑ?ки езици ca:Llengües itàliques de:Italische Sprachen el:Ιταλικές γλώσσες es:Lenguas itálicas fr:Langues italiques ko:ì?´íƒ¤ë¦­ì–´íŒŒ hr:Italski jezici is:Ã?talísk tungumál it:Lingue italiche he:שפות ×?יטליות lt:Italikų kalbos hu:Italikus nyelvek nl:Italische talen ja:イタリック語派 pl:JÄ™zyki italskie ro:Limbile italice ru:ИталийÑ?каÑ? Ñ?зыковаÑ? группа fi:Itaaliset kielet sv:Italiska sprÃ¥k vi:Nhóm ngôn ngữ gốc Ã? zh:æ„?大利语æ—? {{catmore}} Category:Indo-European languages Category:Languages of Italy be:КатÑ?горыÑ?:ІталійÑ?кіÑ? мовы de:Kategorie:Italische Sprache es:Categoría:Lenguas itálicas ko:분류:ì?´íƒ¤ë¦­ì–´íŒŒ id:Kategori:Bahasa Roman ja:Category:イタリック語派 la:Categoria:Linguae Italicae nl:Categorie:Italische taal pt:Categoria:Línguas itálicas ru:КатегориÑ?:ИталийÑ?кие Ñ?зыки sv:Kategori:Italiska sprÃ¥k vi:Thể loại:Nhóm ngôn ngữ gốc Ã? zh:Category:義大利語æ—?

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