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Jayaatu Khan
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Image:Emperor Wenzong of Yuan China.png 300px|Jayaatu Khan
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!style="background:#ccf; border-bottom:2px solid" colspan=2|Jayaatu Khan
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|align=right style="border-top:1px solid"|Birth and death:||style="border-top:1px solid"|
1304-
1332
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Mongol clan name Family name:||style="border-top:1px solid"|
Borjigin
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Mongol given name Given name:||style="border-top:1px solid"| Tugh Temür
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Khan title:||style="border-top:1px solid"|Jayaatu Khan [Fortunate Emperor]
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|align=right style="border-top:3px solid"|Dates of reign:||style="border-top:3px solid"|
1328 -
13291329 -
1332
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Ulus (Mongolian) Ulus:||style="border-top:1px solid"|Dai-ön (
Yuan Dynasty Yuan)
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|align=right style="border-top:1px solid"|
Temple name:||style="border-top:1px solid"|Wenzong (文宗 Wénzōng)
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Posthumous name:
(short)||style="border-top:1px solid"| -
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Posthumous name:
(full)||style="border-top:1px solid"| Shengming Yuan Xiao Huangdi (聖明元孝皇帝)
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|align=center style="border-top:1px solid"|
Chinese era name Era names:||style="border-top:1px solid"|Tianli (天曆 Tiānlì)
1328-
1330
Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn)
1330-
1332
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'''Jayaatu Khan''' (
Classical Mongolian: Jayaɤatu qaɤan;
Khalkha Mongolian: Заяат хаан ''Zayaat haan''), born '''Tugh Temür''', was the 11th and 13th grand-khan of the
Mongol Empire (Dai-ön Ulus/
Yuan Dynasty) and reigned as
Emperor of China.
He was the second son of
Külüg Khan Khayishan Külüg Khan and a
Tangut woman.
Khutughtu Khan Kuśala Khutughtu Khan was his elder brother. When his father Khayishan suddenly passed away and his younger brother
Buyant Khan Ayurbarwada inherited khanship in 1311, he and his brother was removed from the central government by his grandmother
Dagi and other
Khunggirad faction members including
Temüder since they were not mothered by Khunggirad khatuns. After Ayurbarwada's son
Gegeen Khan Shidibala Gegeen Khan ascended the throne in 1320, Tugh Temür was relegated to
Hainan. When Shidibala was assassinated and
Yesün Temür Khan took over as khan, his condition was relaxed. He was given the title of Prince of Huai and was moved to Jiangkang (modern-day Nangjing) and then to Jiangling.
When
Yesün Temür Khan died in
Shangdu in 1328, Tugh Temür was recalled to
Dadu by the
Qipchaq commander
El Temür since his more influential brother Kuśala stayed in far-away
Central Asia. He was installed as grand-khan in Dadu in the 9th month while Yesün Temür's son
Ragibagh Khan Ragibagh succeeded to the throne in Shangdu with the support from Yesün Temür's favorite retainer
Dawlat Shah. Gaining support from princes and officers in southern
Mongolia and Northern China, Dadu-based Tugh Temür eventually won the civil war.
At the same time, however, his elder brother Kuśala gathered support from princes and generals in Mongolia and
Chaghatai Ulus and entered
Khara Khorum with the overwhelming military presence. Realizing disadvantages, Tugh Temür declared abdication. In the next year, El Temür brought the imperial seal to Kuśala in Mongolia and announced Dadu's intent to welcome him. Kuśala ascended to the throne in the north of Khara Khorum and Tugh Temür became Crown Prince. On his way to Dadu, Kuśala met with Tugh Temür in Ongghuchad near Shangdu in the eight month. Only 4 days after a banquet with Tugh Temür, he suddenly died, or was supposedly killed with poison by El Temür since he feared being lost power to princes and officers of Chaghadai Ulus and Mongolia, who followed Kuśala. Tugh Temür was restored to the throne. El Temür purged pro-Kuśala officers and brought power to warloards.
He was just on a string during his latter three-year reign. Warlords' despotic rule clearly marked the decline of the empire. He is known for cultural contribution instead. He ordered to compile an encyclopaedia named ''Jingshi Dadian'', supported Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism and devoted himself in
Buddhism. He supervised the construction of the
Stupa of Master Zhaozhou in the
Buddhist Baolin Temple.
He died in 1332. Although he had a son named
El Tegüs, he left a will to make Kuśala's son succeed to the throne. So Kuśala's second son
Rinchinbal Khan Rinchinbal was installed only at the seventh age.
Category:1304 births
Category:1332 deaths
Category:Mongol Khans
Category:Yuan Dynasty emperors
de:Toqa Timur
ja:トク・テムル
zh:元文宗
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