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Jules Ferry
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Image:Julesferry.jpg thumb|200px|right|Jules Ferry, French statesman
'''Jules François Camille Ferry''' (
April 5,
1832 –
March 17,
1893) was a
France French statesman.
Born in
Saint-Dié-des-Vosges Saint-Dié, in the
Vosges ''
département in France département'',
France, he studied
law, and was called to the bar at
Paris, but soon went into
politics, contributing to various newspapers, particularly to ''
Le Temps (Paris) Le Temps''. He attacked the
Second French Empire with great violence, directing his opposition especially against
Baron Haussmann, prefect of the
Seine (département) Seine ''
département in France département''. Elected republican deputy for Paris in
1869, he protested against the declaration of
Franco-Prussian War war with Germany, and on
September 6,
1870 was appointed prefect of the Seine by the government of national defence.
In this position he had the difficult task of administering Paris during the siege, and after the
Paris Commune was obliged to resign (
June 5,
1871). From 1872 to 1873 he was sent by
Adolphe Thiers as minister to Athens, but returned to the chamber as deputy for the Vosges, and became one of the leaders of the republican party. When the first republican ministry was formed under
William Henry Waddington WH Waddington on
February 4,
1879, he was one of its members, and continued in the ministry until
March 30,
1885, except for two short interruptions (from
November 10,
1881 to
January 30,
1882, and from
July 29,
1882 to
February 21 1883), first as minister of education and then as minister of foreign affairs. He was twice premier (1880-1881 and 1883-1885).
Two important works are associated with his administration, the non-clerical organization of public education, and the beginning of the
French colonial empire colonial expansion of France. Following the republican programme he proposed to destroy the influence of the clergy in the university and found his own system of republican schooling. He reorganized the committee of public education (law of
February 27,
1880), and proposed a regulation for the conferring of university degrees, which, though rejected, aroused violent polemics because the 7th article took away from the unauthorized religious orders the right to teach. He finally succeeded in passing the laws of
June 16,
1881 and
March 28,
1882, which made primary
education in France free, non-clerical (
Laïcité laique) and obligatory. In higher education, the number of professors doubled under his ministry.
After the military defeat of France by Germany in
1870, he formed the idea of acquiring a great colonial empire, not to colonize it, but for the sake of economic exploitation. He directed the negotiations which led to the establishment of a French
protectorate in
Tunis (1881), prepared the treaty of
December 17,
1885 for the occupation of
Madagascar; directed the exploration of the
Congo River Congo and of the
Niger region; and above all he organized the conquest of
French Indochina Indochina. The excitement caused at Paris by a surprise defeat of the French troops at
Lang Son by a division of Chinese militia caused his downfall (
March 30,
1885), although the
Franco-Chinese War treaty of peace with China (
June 9,
1885) was his work.
He still remained an influential member of the moderate republican party, and directed the opposition to
George Ernest Jean Marie Boulanger General Boulanger. After the resignation of
Jules Grévy (
December 2,
1887), he was a candidate for the presidency of the republic, but the radicals refused to support him, and he withdrew in favour of
Marie François Sadi Carnot Sadi Carnot.
The violent polemics aroused against him at this time caused a madman to attack him with a revolver, and he died from the wound, on the March 17, 1893. The chamber of deputies voted him a state funeral.
Ferry's 1st Ministry, 23 September 1880 - 14 November 1881
*Jules Ferry -
List of Prime Ministers of France President of the Council and
List of Education Ministers of France Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
*
Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire -
List of Foreign Ministers of France Minister of Foreign Affairs
*
Jean Joseph Frédéric Adolphe Farre -
List of Defense Ministers of France Minister of War
*
Ernest Constans -
List of Interior Ministers of France Minister of the Interior and Worship
*
Pierre Magnin -
List of Finance Ministers of France Minister of Finance
*
Jules Cazot -
List of Justice Ministers of France Minister of Justice
*
Georges Charles Cloué -
List of Naval Ministers of France Minister of Marine and Colonies
*
Marie François Sadi Carnot Sadi Carnot - Minister of Public Works
*
Adolphe Cochery - Minister of Posts and Telegraphs
*
Pierre Tirard - Minister of Agriculture and Commerce
Ferry's 2nd Ministry, 21 February 1883 - 6 April 1885
*Jules Ferry - President of the Council and Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
*
Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour - Minister of Foreign Affairs
*
Jean Thibaudin - Minister of War
*
René Waldeck-Rousseau - Minister of the Interior
*
Pierre Tirard - Minister of Finance
*
Félix Martin-Feuilléee - Minister of Justice and Worship
*
Charles Brun (France) Charles Brun - Minister of Marine and Colonies
*
Jules Méline - Minister of Agriculture
*
David Raynal - Minister of Public Works
*
Adolphe Cochery - Minister of Posts and Telegraphs
*
Anne Charles Hérisson - Minister of Commerce
'''Changes'''
*
9 August 1883 -
Alexandre Louis François Peyron succeeds Charles Brun as Minister of Marine and Colonies
*
9 October 1883 -
Jean-Baptiste Campenon succeeds Thibaudin as Minister of War.
*
20 November 1883 -
Jules Ferry succeeds Challemel-Lacour as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Armand Fallières succeeds Ferry as Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts.
*
14 October 1884 -
Maurice Rouvier succeeds Hérisson as Minister of Commerce
*
3 January 1885 -
Jules Louis Lewal succeeds Campenon as Minister of War.
{{start box}}
{{succession box|title=
Minister of Public Instruction (France) Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts|before=
Agénor Bardoux|after=
Paul Bert|years=1879–1881}}
{{succession box|title=
Prime Minister of France.html">Charles de Freycinet
after=Léon Gambetta|years=1880–1881}}
{{succession box|title=
Minister of Public Instruction (France) Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts|before=
Paul Bert|after=
Jules Duvaux|years=1882}}
{{succession box|title=
Prime Minister of France.html">Armand Fallières
after=Henri Brisson|years=1883–1885}}
{{succession box|title=
Minister of Public Instruction (France) Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts|before=
Jules Duvaux|after=
Armand Fallières|years=1883}}
{{succession box|title=
Minister of Foreign Affairs (France) Minister of Foreign Affairs|before=
Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour|after=
Charles de Freycinet|years=1883–1885}}
{{succession box|title=
French Senate President of the Senate|before=
Philippe Le Royer|after=
Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour|years=1893}}
{{end box}}
Category:1832 births Ferry, Jules
Category:1893 deaths Ferry, Jules
Category:Prime Ministers of France Ferry, Jules
Category:Mayors of Paris Ferry, Jules
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