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July 4
*** Shopping-Tip: July 4
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{{PAGENAME}} is the 185th day of the year (186th in
leap years) in the
Gregorian Calendar, with 180 days remaining. The phrase "Fourth of July" has acquired widespread significance in American culture as a reference to the
Independence Day (United States) Independence Day celebration in the
United States of America United States and that celebration's many cultural accoutrements.
Events
*
993 - Saint
Ulrich of Augsburg canonized.
*
1054 - A
supernova is observed by the
Song Dynasty Chinese and
Indigenous Peoples of the Americas Amerindians near the
star ζ
Taurus (constellation) Tauri. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the
Crab Nebula.
*
1187 -
Saladin defeats
Guy of Lusignan,
Kings of Jerusalem King of Jerusalem, at the
Battle of Hattin.
*
1584 - Sir
Walter Raleigh first sees the coast of
North Carolina
*
1636 - City of
Providence, Rhode Island Providence,
Rhode Island forms.
*
1712 - 12 slaves are executed in New York for starting an uprising that killed 9 whites
*
1776 -
American Revolutionary War: The
Continental Congress approves a
Declaration of Independence (United States) Declaration of Independence from the
Kingdom of Great Britain.
*
1802 - At
West Point, New York West Point,
New York the
United States Military Academy opens.
*
1803 - The
Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people.
*
1810 - The
France French occupy
Amsterdam.
*
1817 - At
Rome, New York,
United States, construction on the
Erie Canal begins.
*
1826 - Fiftieth anniversary of the
United States Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence, on which
John Adams and
Thomas Jefferson, two of the
Founding Fathers of the United States Founding Fathers of the
United States of America, died.
*
1827 -
Slavery is abolished in
New York State.
*
1837 -
Grand Junction Railway, world's first long-distance
railway, opens between
Birmingham and
Liverpool.
*
1838 - The
Iowa Territory is organized.
*
1840 - The
Cunard Line's 700 ton wooden
paddle steamer RMS Britannia RMS ''Britannia'' departs from
Liverpool bound for
Halifax, Nova Scotia on the first
transatlantic passenger cruise.
*
1845 - Near
Concord, Massachusetts,
Henry David Thoreau embarks on a two-year experiment in simple living at
Walden Pond (see ''
Walden'').
*
1855 - In
Brooklyn, New York, the first edition of
Walt Whitman's book of
poems titled ''
Leaves of Grass'' is published.
*
1859 -
Franco-Piedmontese War: The
Battle of Magenta.
*
1862 -
Lewis Carroll tells
Alice Liddell a story that would grow into
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequels.
*
1863 -
American Civil War:
Battle of Vicksburg -
Vicksburg, Mississippi surrenders to
Ulysses S. Grant after 47 days of siege.
*
1865 - ''
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' is published.
*
1881 - In
Alabama, the
Tuskegee Institute opens.
*
1892 -
Western Samoa changes the
International Date Line, so that year there were 367 days in this country, with two occurrences of Monday, July 4.
*
1894 - The short-lived
Republic of Hawaii is proclaimed by
Sanford B. Dole.
*
1910 -
African-American boxer
Jack Johnson (boxer) Jack Johnson knocks out white boxer
Jim Jeffries in a heavyweight
boxing match sparking
race riots across the
United States.
*
1918 -
Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI ascends to the throne.
* 1918 -
Bolsheviks kill Tsar
Nicholas II of Russia and his family (
Julian calendar date).
*
1927 - First flight of the
Lockheed Vega.
*
1934 -
Joe Louis wins his first professional
boxing match.
* 1934 -
Leo Szilard patents the chain-reaction design for the
atomic bomb.
*
1939 -
Lou Gehrig, recently diagnosed with
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tells a crowd at
Yankee Stadium that he considered himself "The luckiest man on the face of the earth" as he announces his retirement from major league
baseball.
*
1941 -
Massacre of Lwów professors Mass murder of Polish scientists and writers, committed by
Nazism Nazi Germany Germans in captured
Poland Polish city of
Lwów.
*
1946 - After 381 years of colonial rule, the
Philippines is granted full independence by the
United States.
*
1950 - First broadcast by
Radio Free Europe.
*
1959 - With the admission of
Alaska as the 49th
U.S. state earlier in the year, the 49-star
flag of the United States debuts in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
*
1960 - Due to the post-Independence Day admission of
Hawaii as the 50th
U.S. state on
August 21, 1959, the 50-star
flag of the United States debuts in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania almost ten and a half months later (see Flag Act).
*
1966 -
President of the United States President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the
Freedom of Information Act into
United States law. The act goes into effect the next year.
*
1976 -
Israeli commandos raid
Entebbe airport in
Uganda, rescuing all of the passengers and crew of an
Air France jetliner seized by Palestinian terrorists.
* 1976 - The citizens of the
United States celebrate their country's
United States Bicentennial bicentennial.
*
1982 - Four
Iranian diplomats kidnapped upon
Israel's invasion of
lebanon.
*
1987 - In
France, former
Gestapo chief
Klaus Barbie (aka the "Butcher of Lyon") is convicted of
crimes against humanity and is sentenced to life imprisonment.
*
1993 - The
Argentine national football team defeats
Mexico national football team mexico to win the
Copa América 1993 in
Guayaquil.
*
1997 -
NASA's
Mars Pathfinder Pathfinder space probe lands on the surface of
Mars (planet) Mars.
*
1998 -
Lin Newborn Lin "Spit" Newborn and
Daniel Shersty are
murdered by
neonazis in the
desert just outside
Las Vegas, Nevada Las Vegas.
*
2002 - Three people are shot at the
El Al check-in booth at
Los Angeles International Airport. The gunman is shot and killed by a security officer.
* 2002 - A
Prestige Airlines cargo
Boeing 707 crashes just short of the runway in
Bangui,
Central African Republic killing 25
*
2004 - The cornerstone of the
Freedom Tower is laid on the site of the
World Trade Center in
New York City. (This was largely a symbolic event; actual construction would not start for several weeks)
*
2005 - The
Deep Impact (space mission) Deep Impact collider hits the
comet Tempel 1.
Births
*
1330 -
Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Japanese shogun (d.
1367)
*
1546 -
Murat III,
Ottoman Sultan (d.
1595)
*
1694 -
Louis-Claude Daquin, French composer (d.
1772)
*
1715 -
Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German poet (d.
1769)
*
1719 -
Michel-Jean Sedaine, French dramatist (d.
1797)
*
1799 - King
Oscar I of Sweden (Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte), French Napoleonic general (d.
1859)
*
1804 -
Nathaniel Hawthorne, American writer (d.
1864)
*
1807 -
Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian patriot (d.
1882)
*
1826 -
Stephen Foster, American songwriter (d.
1864)
*
1845 -
Thomas Barnardo, Irish humanitarian (d.
1905)
*
1854 -
Victor BabeÅŸ, Romanian bacteriologist (d. 1926)
*
1847 -
James Anthony Bailey, American circus impresario (d.
1906)
*
1872 -
Calvin Coolidge, 30th
President of the United States (d.
1933)
*
1878 -
George M. Cohan, American singer, dancer, composer, actor, and writer (d.
1942)
*
1881 -
Ulysses S. Grant III, American soldier and planner (d.
1968)
*
1882 -
Louis B. Mayer, American film producer (d.
1957)
*
1883 -
Rube Goldberg, American cartoonist (d.
1970)
*
1896 -
Mao Dun, Chinese writer (d.
1981)
*
1898 - Dr.
Pilar Barbosa, Puerto Rican historian (d.
1997)
*
1900 -
Louis Armstrong, American musician (d.
1971) (see article re. this date)
*
1902 -
Meyer Lansky, Russian-born mobster (d.
1983)
* 1902 -
George Murphy, American dancer, actor, and Senator from California (d.
1992)
*
1904 -
Angela Baddeley, English actress (d.
1976)
*
1905 -
Irving Johnson, American author and adventurer (d.
1991)
*
1910 -
Gloria Stuart, American actress
*
1911 -
Mitch Miller, American bandleader and television personality
*
1917 -
Manolete, Spanish bullfighter (d.
1947)
*
1918 -
Ann Landers, American advice columnist (d.
2002)
* 1918 -
Pauline Phillips (
Abigail Van Buren), American advice columnist and twin sister to
Ann Landers
*
1920 -
Leona Helmsley, American hotel operator and real estate investor
* 1920 -
Norm Drucker, prominent
National Basketball Association referee
*
1921 -
Gerard Debreu, French-born economist,
Nobel Prize in Economics Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2004)
* 1921 -
Tibor Varga, Hungarian violinist and conductor (d.
2003)
*
1923 -
Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss Federal Councilor
*
1924 -
Eva Marie Saint, American actress
*
1926 -
Alfredo Di Stefano, Argentinian footballer
*
1927 -
Gina Lollobrigida, Italian actress
* 1927 -
Neil Simon, American playwright
*
1929 -
Bill Tuttle, baseball player
*
1930 -
George Steinbrenner, baseball team owner
*
1931 -
Stephen Boyd, Northern Irish actor (d.
1977)
*
1938 -
Bill Withers, American singer and songwriter
*
1942 -
Floyd Little, American football player
*
1943 -
Conny Bauer Konrad "Conny" Bauer, German jazz trombonist
* 1943 -
Geraldo Rivera, American reporter and talk show host
*
1946 -
Ron Kovic, American peace activist
* 1946 -
Ed O'Ross, American actor
*
1948 -
Tommy Körberg, Swedish singer
*
1951 -
Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, American politician
*
1961 -
Richard Garriott, English video game designer
*
1962 -
Pam Shriver, American tennis player
*
1967 -
Vinny Castilla, Mexican
Major League Baseball player
* 1967 -
Andy Walker, Canadian television personality
*
1973 -
Gackt, Japanese singer
*
1974 -
La'Roi Glover, American football player
*
1976 -
Daijiro Kato, Japanese motorcycle racer
*
1995 -
MarÃa Isabel, Spanish singer
Deaths
*
965 -
Pope Benedict V
*
1187 -
Raynald of Chatillon, Prince of Antioch (executed)
*
1541 -
Pedro de Alvarado, Spanish explorer (b.
1495)
*
1603 -
Philippe de Monte, Flemish composer (b.
1521)
*
1623 -
William Byrd, English composer
*
1742 -
Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician (b.
1671)
*
1754 -
Philippe Néricault Destouches, French dramatist (b.
1680)
*
1761 -
Samuel Richardson, English writer (b.
1689)
*
1780 -
Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, Austrian military leader (b.
1712)
*
1787 -
Charles de Rohan, prince de Soubise, Marshal of France (b.
1715)
*
1821 -
Richard Cosway, English artist (b.
1742)
*
1826 -
John Adams 2nd
President of the United States (b.
1735)
* 1826 -
Thomas Jefferson, 3rd
President of the United States (b.
1743)
*
1831 -
James Monroe, 5th
President of the United States (b.
1758)
*
1848 -
François-René de Chateaubriand, French writer and diplomat (b.
1768)
*
1850 -
William Kirby, English entomologist (b.
1759)
*
1857 -
William L. Marcy, American statesman (b.
1786)
*
1881 -
Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Finnish statesman (b.
1806)
*
1882 -
Joseph Brackett, American religious leader and composer (b.
1797)
*
1891 -
Hannibal Hamlin,
U.S. Vice President (b.
1809)
*
1901 -
Johannes Schmidt (linguist) Johannes Schmidt, German linguist (b.
1843)
*
1902 -
Swami Vivekananda, Indian spiritual leader (b.
1863)
*
1905 -
Élisée Reclus, French geographer and anarchist (b.
1830)
*
1910 -
Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (b.
1835)
*
1916 -
Alan Seeger, American war poet (b.
1888)
*
1926 -
Pier Giorgio Frassati, Italian mountaineer (b.
1901)
*
1931 -
Buddie Petit, American jazz cornetist
*
1934 -
Maria Sklodowska-Curie Maria Skłodowska-Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in
Nobel Prize in Chemistry chemistry and
Nobel Prize in Physics physics (b.
1867)
*
1938 -
Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis star (b.
1899)
*
1941 -
Antoni Å?omnicki, Polish mathematician (b.
1881)
*
1970 -
Barnett Newman, American artist (b.
1905)
*
1971 -
August Derleth, American writer and editor (b.
1909)
*
1975 -
Georgette Heyer, English author (b.
1902)
*
1976 -
Antoni Slonimski Antoni SÅ‚onimski, Polish poet and writer (b.
1895)
*
1977 -
Gersh Budker, Russian physicist (b.
1918)
*
1986 -
Oscar Zariski, Russian mathematician (b.
1899)
*
1991 - Dr.
Victor Chang, Australian physician (murdered) (b.
1936)
*
1992 -
Astor Piazzolla, Argentinian composer (b.
1921)
*
1994 -
Joey Marella, long-time
WWE World Wrestling Federation referee (b.
1964)
*
1995 -
Eva Gabor, Hungarian-born actress (b.
1919)
*
1997 -
Charles Kuralt, American television reporter (b.
1934)
*
2000 -
Gustaw Herling-Grudzinski, Polish writer (b.
1919)
*
2002 -
Benjamin O. Davis Jr., American general (b.
1912)
*
2003 -
Barry White, American singer and record producer (b.
1944)
*
2004 -
Jean-Marie Auberson, Swiss conductor (b.
1920)
*
2005 -
Hank Stram, American football coach (b.
1923)
Holidays and observances
*
United States and
Denmark -
Independence Day (US) Independence Day (
1776)
*
Filipino-American Friendship Day
*In
astronomy, the approximate date of
Earth's
aphelion.
External links
-
BBC: On This Day
----
July 3 -
July 5 -
June 4 -
August 4 - more
historical anniversaries
{{months}}
af:4 Julie
ar:4 يوليو
an:4 de chulio
ast:4 de xunetu
bg:4 юли
be:4 ліпенÑ?
bs:4. juli
ca:4 de juliol
ceb:Hulyo 4
cv:Утă, 4
co:4 di lugliu
cs:4. Ä?ervenec
cy:4 Gorffennaf
da:4. juli
de:4. Juli
et:4. juuli
el:4 Ιουλίου
es:4 de julio
eo:4-a de julio
eu:Uztailaren 4
fo:4. juli
fr:4 juillet
fy:4 july
fur:4 di Lui
ga:4 Iúil
gl:4 de xullo
ko:7ì›” 4ì?¼
hr:4. srpnja
io:4 di julio
id:4 Juli
ia:4 de julio
is:4. júlÃ
it:4 luglio
he:4 ביולי
jv:4 Juli
ka:4 ივლისი
csb:4 lëpinca
ku:4'ê tîrmehê
lt:Liepos 4
lb:4. Juli
li:4 juli
hu:Július 4
mk:4 јули
ms:4 Julai
nap:4 'e luglio
nl:4 juli
ja:7月4日
no:4. juli
nn:4. juli
oc:4 de julhet
pl:4 lipca
pt:4 de Julho
ro:4 iulie
ru:4 июлÑ?
sco:4 Julie
sq:4 Korrik
scn:4 di giugnettu
simple:July 4
sk:4. júl
sl:4. julij
sr:4. јул
fi:4. heinäkuuta
sv:4 juli
tl:Hulyo 4
tt:4. Yül
te:జూలై 4
th:4 �ร�ฎาคม
vi:4 tháng 7
tr:4 Temmuz
uk:4 липнÑ?
wa:4 di djulete
war:Hulyo 4
zh:7月4日
pam:Juliu 4
*** Shopping-Tip: July 4
