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Junkers
*** Shopping-Tip: Junkers
__NOTOC__
''For the
Prussian/
Germany German landowning classes, see "
junker".''
Image:Junkers.png right|Junkers logo
The name '''Junkers''' (
International Phonetic Alphabet for English#Quick reference chart of IPA symbols used for English IPA: /ˈjunkeɺs/) is well known in connection with aircraft, which were produced under this name for the
Luftwaffe during
World War II. In particular the
Junkers Ju 87 Stuka Ju 87 ''Stuka'' and
Junkers Ju 52 Ju 52 ''Tante Ju'' were common symbols of the
Nazism Nazi war machine. By this time, however, the Nazi government had already seized control of the business that was founded by
Hugo Junkers who had passed away in
1935.
The
Junkers Ju 87 Stuka was one of the most effective of the
Luftwaffe's sublime aerial weapons and was used often for bombing attacks. It was notorious for its vexatious siren and its dive-bombing prowess. The Stuka was used to strafe enemy positions, for example at
Stalingrad, where it caused enormous destruction under
Field Marshal Wolfram von Richthofen's
German VIII Air Corps VIII Air Corps. The
Junkers Ju 52 was a transport aircraft used for delivering men and supplies, although it also carried out bombing raids. However, unlike many other famous
Luftwaffe aircraft, the ''Tante Ju'' was very cumbersome and moved very slowly, causing many losses of it, namely at
Crete and
Stalingrad. Some of the operations the
Junkers Ju 52 took part were also in the
Spanish Civil War, where it took part in the
Condor Legion's destructive raids on
Durango and
Guernica in
1937.
Junkers also ran an engine factory, and in 1923 they separated it out to form its own company, '''Junkers Motoren''', or '''Jumo'''. This company expanded greatly in the 1920s and 30s, with factories spread across Germany. They were the first German company to offer a truly modern engine in the form of the 650hp
Junkers Jumo 210 Jumo 210, but after a few short years this was considered to be much too small and they responded with the much larger
Junkers Jumo 211 Jumo 211. Perhaps unsurprisingly the 211 saw widespread use in their own bombers, but was little used otherwise, mostly due to the better power output of the competing
Daimler-Benz DB 601. Further development of the 211 led to the superb
Junkers Jumo 213 Jumo 213, which was in high demand for practically every late-war piston-engined aircraft. Their
Jumo 004 jet engine was the first to be considered production quality and used in the
Me 262 jet fighter.
Junkers aircraft included:
*
Junkers J1, 1915
*
Junkers J2, 1916
*
Junkers F13, passenger plane, 1919
*
Junkers A50, sportsplane, 1929
*
Junkers G24
*
Junkers Ju W33, single-engined light transport, 1926
*
Junkers Ju W34, single-engine light transport+reconnaissance (development of W33), 1933
*
Junkers Ju 52 ''Tante Ju'' (Auntie Ju), transport + bomber
*
Junkers Ef 61, high-altitude fighter + reconnaissance (prototype)
*
Junkers Ju 86, bomber + reconnaissance
*
Junkers Ju 87 ''Stuka'', dive-bomber
*
Junkers Ju 88, bomber + reconnaissance + night-fighter
*
Junkers Ju 89, heavy bomber (prototype)
*
Junkers Ju 90, civil aircraft, transport
*
Junkers Ju 188, ''Rächer'' (Raecher), bomber
*
Junkers Ju 248, re-designation of Me 263
*
Junkers Ju 252, transport
*
Junkers Ju 287, heavy bomber (jet-engined) (prototype)
*
Junkers Ju 288, bomber (prototype)
*
Junkers Ju 290, transport, patrol
*
Junkers Ju 322 ''Mammut'', transport glider (prototype), 1941)
*
Junkers Ju 352 ''Herkules'' (Hercules), transport
*
Junkers Ju 388 ''Störtebeker'', reconnaissance + night-fighter
*
Junkers Ju 390, long-range bomber (prototype)
*
Junkers Ju 488, heavy bomber design
*
Junkers EF 132, heavy bomber
Jumo engines included:
*
Junkers Jumo 210
*
Junkers Jumo 211
*
Junkers Jumo 213
*
Junkers Jumo 222
*
Junkers Jumo 004
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External links
-
www.junkers.de - Official Junkers Page
-
www.junkers.de.vu
Category:German aircraft manufacturers
Category:Aircraft engine manufacturers
de:Junkers & Co.
fr:Junkers
it:Junkers
nl:Junkers
ja:ユンカース
no:Junkers & Co.
pl:Junkers (wytwórnia lotnicza)
pt:Junkers
sv:Junkers Flugzeug und Motorwerke AG
tr:Junkers
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