Dictionary of Meaning
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Jyutping
*** Shopping-Tip: Jyutping
{{RCL}}
{{IPA notice}}
'''Jyutping''' (
Traditional Chinese character Traditional Chinese: 粵拼;
Simplified Chinese character Simplified Chinese: 粤拼;
pinyin: yuèpīn;
Yale Romanization#Cantonese Yale: yuhtpīng;
jyutping Jyutping: jyut6ping3; sometimes spelled '''Jyutpin''') is a
romanization system for
Standard Cantonese developed by the
Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in
1993. Its formal name is '''''The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme'''''. The LSHK promotes the use of this romanization system.
The name ''Jyutping'' is a
shorthand consisting of the first
Chinese character characters of the terms yuèyǔ (粵語; Cantonese) and pīnyīn (拼音; romanization).
Initials
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
|b
{{IPA|[p]}}
å·´
|p
{{IPA|[pʰ]}}
怕
|m
{{IPA|[m]}}
媽
|f
{{IPA|[f]}}
花
|-
|d
{{IPA|[t]}}
打
|t
{{IPA|[tʰ]}}
ä»–
|n
{{IPA|[n]}}
é‚£
|l
{{IPA|[l]}}
啦
|-
|g
{{IPA|[k]}}
家
|k
{{IPA|[kʰ]}}
å?¡
|ng
{{IPA|[ŋ]}}
牙
|h
{{IPA|[h]}}
è?¦
|-
|gw
{{IPA|[kÊ·]}}
瓜
|kw
{{IPA|[kÊ·Ê°]}}
誇
|w
{{IPA|[w]}}
è›™
|
|-
|z
{{IPA|[ts]}}
渣
|c
{{IPA|[tsʰ]}}
å?‰
|s
{{IPA|[s]}}
æ²™
|j
{{IPA|[j]}}
也
|}
Finals
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
|aa
{{IPA|[ɑː]}}
æ²™
|aai
{{IPA|[ɑːi]}}
å¾™
|aau
{{IPA|[ɑːu]}}
梢
|aam
{{IPA|[ɑːm]}}
三
|aan
{{IPA|[ɑːn]}}
å±±
|aang
{{IPA|[ɑːŋ]}}
å?‘
|aap
{{IPA|[ɑːp]}}
圾
|aat
{{IPA|[ɑːt]}}
剎
|aak
{{IPA|[ɑːk]}}
客
|-
|
|ai
{{IPA|[ɐi]}}
西
|au
{{IPA|[ɐu]}}
收
|am
{{IPA|[ɐm]}}
心
|an
{{IPA|[ɐn]}}
æ–°
|ang
{{IPA|[ɐŋ]}}
笙
|ap
{{IPA|[ɐp]}}
æ¿•
|at
{{IPA|[ɐt]}}
失
|ak
{{IPA|[ɐk]}}
å¡ž
|-
|e
{{IPA|[ɛː]}}
些
|ei
{{IPA|[ei]}}
å››
|eu
{{IPA|[ɛːu]}}
掉
|em
{{IPA|[ɛːm]}}
|en
{{IPA|[ɛːn]}}
|eng
{{IPA|[ɛːŋ]}}
é„
|ep
{{IPA|[ɛːp]}}
å–¼
|et
{{IPA|[ɛːt]}}
î´ª
|ek
{{IPA|[ɛːk]}}
石
|-
|i
{{IPA|[iː]}}
è©©
|
|iu
{{IPA|[iːu]}}
消
|im
{{IPA|[iːm]}}
é–ƒ
|in
{{IPA|[iːn]}}
å…ˆ
|ing
{{IPA|[ɪŋ]}}
星
|ip
{{IPA|[iːp]}}
æ”?
|it
{{IPA|[iːt]}}
æ´©
|ik
{{IPA|[ɪk]}}
è˜
|-
|o
{{IPA|[ɔː]}}
ç–?
|oi
{{IPA|[ɔːi]}}
é–‹
|ou
{{IPA|[ou]}}
蘇
|
|on
{{IPA|[ɔːn]}}
看
|ong
{{IPA|[ɔːŋ]}}
æ¡‘
|
|ot
{{IPA|[ɔːt]}}
å–?
|ok
{{IPA|[ɔːk]}}
ç´¢
|-
|u
{{IPA|[uː]}}
夫
|ui
{{IPA|[uːi]}}
ç?°
|
|um
噉
|un
{{IPA|[uːn]}}
寬
|ung
{{IPA|[ʊŋ]}}
鬆
|up
|ut
{{IPA|[uːt]}}
é—Š
|uk
{{IPA|[ʊk]}}
å?”
|-
|oe
{{IPA|[Å“ː]}}
鋸
|
|
|
|
|oeng
{{IPA|[Å“ːŋ]}}
商
|
|oet
ïš°
|oek
{{IPA|[Å“ːk]}}
削
|-
|
|
|eoi
{{IPA|[ɵy]}}
需
|
|eon
{{IPA|[ɵn]}}
è©¢
|
|
|eot
{{IPA|[ɵt]}}
æ‘”
|
|-
|yu
{{IPA|[yː]}}
書
|
|
|
|yun
{{IPA|[yːn]}}
å«
|
|
|yut
{{IPA|[yːt]}}
雪
|
|-
|
|
|
|m
{{IPA|[m̩]}}
å””
|
|ng
{{IPA|[ŋ̩]}}
å?³
|
|
|
|}
* The finals ''m'' and ''ng'' can only be used as standalone
nasal consonant nasal syllables.
Tones
There are nine
Tone (linguistics) tones in six distinct
tone contours in Cantonese.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!
Tone name
!Yīn PÃng
(陰平)||Yīn Shà ng
(陰上)||Yīn Qù
(陰去)
!Yáng PÃng
(陽平)||Yáng Shà ng
(陽上)||Yáng Qù
(陽去)
!Yīn Rù
(陰入)||Zhōng Rù
(中入)||Yáng Rù
(陽入)
|-
!Tone name in English
|high level or high falling||mid rising||mid level
|low falling||low rising||low level
|entering high level||entering mid level||entering low level
|-
!
Tone contour Contour
|55 / 53||35||33
|21 / 11||13||22
|5||3||2
|-
!Number
|1||2||3
|4||5||6
|1||3||6
|-
!Character Example
|分||粉||訓
|焚||奮||份
|忽||發||佛
|-
!Example
|fan1||fan2||fan3
|fan4||fan5||fan6
|fat1||faat3||fat6
|}
Compare with Yale Romanization
Jyutping and the
Yale Romanization#Cantonese Yale romanization system represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:
* The
initial (linguistics) initials: ''b'', ''p'', ''m'', ''f'', ''d'', ''t'', ''n'', ''l'', ''g'', ''k'', ''ng'', ''h'', ''s'', ''gw'', ''kw'', ''w''.
* The
vowel: ''aa'' (except when using alone), ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''o'', ''u'',''yu''.
* The
nasal consonant: ''m'', ''ng''.
* The
Syllable coda coda: ''i'', ''u'', ''m'', ''n'', ''ng'', ''p'', ''t'', ''k''.
But they have difference with the following exceptions:
* The
vowels ''eo'' and ''oe'' represent {{IPA|[ɵ]}} and {{IPA|[Å“ː]}}, respectively, in Jyutping while the ''eu'' represents both vowels in Yale.
* The
initial (linguistics) initial ''j'' represents {{IPA|[j]}} in Jyutping while ''y'' is used instead in Yale.
* The initial ''z'' represents {{IPA|[ts]}} in Jyutping while ''j'' is used instead in Yale.
* The initial ''c'' represents {{IPA|[tsʰ]}} in Jyutping while ''ch'' is used instead in Yale.
* In Jyutping, if no
consonant precedes the vowel ''yu'', then the initial ''j'' is appended before the vowel. In Yale, the corresponding initial ''y'' is never appended before ''yu'' under any circumstances.
* Jyutping defines three
final (linguistics) finals not in Yale: ''eu'' {{IPA|[ɛːu]}}, ''em'' {{IPA|[ɛːm]}}, and ''ep'' {{IPA|[ɛːp]}}. These three finals are used in colloquial Cantonese words, such as ''deu6'' (掉), ''lem2'' (èˆ?), and ''gep6'' (夾).
* To represent
tone (linguistics) tones, only tone numbers are used in Jyutping while Yale originally uses tone marks together with the letter ''h'' (though tone numbers can be used in Yale as well).
Compare with Standard Cantonese Pinyin
Jyutping and the
Standard Cantonese Pinyin represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:
* The
initial (linguistics) initials: ''b'', ''p'', ''m'', ''f'', ''d'', ''t'', ''n'', ''l'', ''g'', ''k'', ''ng'', ''h'', ''s'', ''gw'', ''kw'', ''j'', ''w''.
* The
vowel: ''aa'', ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''o'', ''u''.
* The
nasal consonant: ''m'', ''ng''.
* The
Syllable coda coda: ''i'' (except of being the
Syllable coda coda [y] in Jyutping), ''u'', ''m'', ''n'', ''ng'', ''p'', ''t'', ''k''.
But they have difference with the following exceptions:
* The
vowels ''oe'' represent {{IPA|[ɵ]}} and {{IPA|[Å“ː]}} in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while the ''eo'' and ''oe'' represent {{IPA|[ɵ]}} and {{IPA|[Å“ː]}} respectively in Jyutping.
* The vowel ''y'' represent {{IPA|[y]}} in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while both ''yu'' (use in
syllable nucleus nucleus) and ''i'' (use in
Syllable coda coda) is used in Jyutping.
* The initial ''dz'' represents {{IPA|[ts]}} in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while ''z'' is used instead in Jyutping.
* The initial ''ts'' represents {{IPA|[tsʰ]}} in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while ''c'' is used instead in Jyutping.
* To represent
tone (linguistics) tones, number 1 to 9 are usually used in Standard Cantonese Pinyin, although use 1, 3, 6 to replace 7, 8, 9 is acceptable. However, only number 1 to 6 are used in Jyutping.
Examples
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!
Traditional Chinese character Traditional
!
Simplified Chinese character Simplified
!Romanization
|-
|廣州話
|广州话
|gwong2 zau1 waa2
|-
|粵語
|粤语
|jyut6 jyu5
|-
|你好
|你好
|nei5 hou2
|}
Try to write an old Chinese poem:
{| border="0" align="center"
|-
|width="250"|
'''春曉'''　　'''åŸæµ©ç„¶'''||
'''Ceon1 Hiu2'''　　'''Maang6 Hou6jin4'''
|-
||
æ˜¥çœ ä¸?覺曉，||
Ceon1 min4 bat1 gok3 hiu2,
|-
||
處處�啼鳥。||
cyu3 cyu3 man4 tai4 niu5.
|-
||
夜來風雨�，||
Je6 loi4 fung1 jyu5 sing1,
|-
||
花�知多少？||
faa1 lok6 zi1 do1 siu2?
|}
External links
-
LSHK Cantonese Romanization Scheme
-
Jyutping Pronunciation Guide
-
粵語拼盤: Learning the phonetic system of Cantonese
-
Chinese Character Database (Phonologically Disambiguated According to the Cantonese Dialect)
-
MDBG free online Chinese-English dictionary (supports both Jyutping and Yale romanization)
Category:Chinese language romanization
category:Cantonese (linguistics) romanisation
zh-yue:粵拼
fr:Jyutping
zh:香港語言å¸å¸æœƒç²µèªžæ‹¼éŸ³æ–¹æ¡ˆ
*** Shopping-Tip: Jyutping
