Dictionary of Meaning
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Khanty language
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'''Khanty''' or '''Xanty language''', also known as the '''Ostyak language''', is a
language of the
Khant peoples. It is spoken in
Khantia-Mansia,
Yamalia,
Alexandrovsky District, Tomsk Oblast Alexandrovsky and
Kargosoksky District, Tomsk Oblast Kargosoksky Districts of
Tomsk Oblast in
Russia. According to the
1970 census, there were over 14,000 Khanty-speaking people in Russia. The Khanty and
Mansi language Mansi languages are the Ob Ugric (Ob Ugrian) members of the
Finno-Ugric languages.
The Khanty language is known to have a large number of
dialects. The western group of dialects includes the
Salekhard Obdorian,
Ob River Ob’, and
Irtysh dialects. The eastern group of dialects includes the
Surgut and
Vakh River Vakh-
Vasyugan River Vasyugan dialects, which, in turn, are subdivided into thirteen other dialects. All these dialects significantly differ from each other by their
Phonetics phonetical,
Morphology (linguistics) morphological, and
Vocabulary lexical features.
The Khanty
written language was first created after the
Russian Revolution of 1917 October Revolution on the basis of the
Latin script in
1930, and then with the
Cyrillic alphabet (with the additional letter <Ò£> for {{IPA.html">1937. Khanty
literary works are usually written with the use of three dialects, such as the
Kazym,
Shuryshkar, and middle-Ob dialects.
Newspaper reporting and
TV.html">television|TV and
radio broadcasting are usually done in the Kazymian dialect.
Vakh dialect
The Vakh dialect is divergent. It has rigid
vowel harmony and a
tripartite language tripartite (
Ergative-absolutive language ergative-
accusative case accusative) case system: The ''agent'' ("subject") of a
transitive verb takes the instrumental case suffix ''-nÉ™-'', while the object takes the accusative case suffix. The "subject" of an
intransitive verb, however, is not marked for case and might be said to be ''absolutive''. The transitive verb agrees with the agent, as in
nominative-accusative systems.
Ob’ dialect
The Ob’ phonemic inventory is {{IPA|p t tʲ k, s ʃ É• x, m n ɲ Å‹, l ɾ j w}}, short vowels {{IPA|i a o u}}, long vowels {{IPA|eË? aË? oË? uË?}}, and a reduced vowel {{IPA|É™}} which is never word-initial. Unlike Vakh, it does not have vowel harmony.
The noun
The nominal suffixes include
dual ''{{IPA.html">plural ''{{IPA
-(É™)t}}'',_dative case|dative ''{{IPA|-a}}'',
locative case locative/
instrumental case instrumental ''{{IPA|-nÉ™}}''.
For example:
:''xot'' "house" (
Hungarian language Hungarian ''ház'',
Finnish language Finnish ''koti'' "home")
:''xotŋəna'' "to the two houses"
:''xotətnə'' "at the houses" (cf. Finnish ''kotona'' "at home", ''kodot'' "homes").
Singular, dual, and plural possessive suffixes may be added to singular, dual, and plural nouns, in three persons, for 3
3 = 27 forms. A few, from ''məs'' "cow", are:
:''məsem'' "my cow"
:''məsemən'' "my 2 cows"
:''məsew'' "my cows"
:''məstatən'' "the 2 of our cows"
:''məsŋətuw'' "our 2 cows"
Pronouns
The personal pronouns are, in the nominative case:
{|
| || SG || DU || PL
|-
| 1st person || ''ma'' || ''min'' || ''muŋ''
|-
| 2nd person || ''naŋ'' || ''nən'' || ''naŋ''
|-
| 3rd person || ''tuw'' || ''tən'' || ''təw''
|}
The case of ''ma'' are accusative ''manət'' and dative ''manəm''.
The demonstrative pronouns and adjectives are:
:''tamÉ™'' "this", ''tomÉ™'' "that", ''sit'' "that yonder": ''tam xot'' "this house".
Basic interrogative pronouns are:
:''xoy'' "who?", ''muy'' "what?"
Numerals
Khanty numerals, compared with Hungarian, are:
{|
| || Khanty || Hungarian
|-
| 1 || ''yit, yiy'' || ''egy''
|-
| 2 || ''katn, kat'' || ''kettő, két''
|-
| 3 || ''xutəm'' || ''három''
|-
| 4 || ''nyatə'' || ''négy''
|-
| 5 || ''wet'' || ''öt''
|-
| 6 || ''xut'' || ''hat''
|-
| 7 || ''tapət'' || ''hét''
|-
| 8 || ''nəvət'' || ''nyolc''
|-
| 9 || ''yaryaŋ'' (= short of ten?) || ''kilenc''
|-
| 10 || ''yaÅ‹'' || ''tÃz''
|-
| 11 || ''yixosyaŋ'' (1 and 10)
|-
| 12 || ''katxosyaŋ'' (2 and 10)
|-
| 20 || ''xus'' || ''húsz''
|-
| 30 || ''xutəmyaŋ'' (3 tens)
|-
| 100 || ''sot'' || ''száz''
|}
Except for "ten" and the compound forms, these are quite similar in the two languages. Note also the regularity of {{IPA|[xot]-[haË?z]}} "house" and {{IPA|[sot]-[saË?z]}} "hundred".
Category:Languages of Russia
Category:Finno-Ugric languages
Category:Minority languages
Category:Vowel harmony languages
br:C'hantieg
de:Chantische Sprache
eo:Ĥanta lingvo
it:Lingua hanti
hu:Osztják nyelv
nn:Khantisk språk
pl:Język chantyjski
se:Hantigiella
fi:Hantin kieli
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