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Leszek Moczulski
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Image:Moczulski Leszek.jpg right|200px
'''Leszek Moczulski''' (born
1930) is a
Poland Polish historian and politician, a member of various organizations opposing the communist regime in the
People's Republic of Poland and the co-founder of the first non-communist and not-underground political party in the
Eastern Bloc.
Leszek Moczulski was born
June 7,
1930 in
Warsaw. Shortly after the war and the Communist take-over of power in Poland, Moczulski became involved in various communist organizations. In
1947 he became a member of the
Związek Walki Młodych Association of Fighting Youth and the following year he became the member of the
Polish Workers' Party and the
Związek Młodzieży Polskiej ZMP youth organization. Then until
1950 he was a member of the
Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP), though was dismissed in
1950, during one of internal struggles for power.
In
1951 he graduated from the ''Academy of Political Studies'', a school of cadres for the communist regime. The following year he graduated also from the faculties of Law and Journalism at the
Warsaw University. He completed his education in
1958 by graduating from the faculty of history at the same university. About that time he started to work as a journalist for various Warsaw-based newspapers and weeklies, among them the ''
Życie Warszawy'', ''
Dookoła Świata'' and ''
Stolica'' weekly. As a historian, Moczulski focused mostly on modern history of Poland, including the history of the
Polish Defensive War.
Initially a secret informer of the ''
Służba Bezpieczeństwa'' secret political police, in late 1970's Moczulski most probably broke up with the regime and started working for various anti-communist associations. He was one of the inspirers of the creation of the
Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights, separate from the
Workers' Defence Committee, and was also the spokesperson for the earlier organization. Conflicted with the rest of the members, he tried to break it up by forming a
ZINO faction, which was however unsuccessful. Finally, on
September 1,
1979 Moczulski announced the creation of the
Konfederacja Polski Niepodległej Confederation of Independent Poland. It was the first
political party in the eastern bloc, at least theoretically independent from the ruling PUWP.
As a politician, Moczulski referred to the rightist wing of the pre-war
Sanacja and the supporters of
Józef Piłsudski. In his political works he focused mostly on economical aspect of the possible transformation of Communist
planned economy into
free market economy. Among the most notable of his actions of the 1980's was a
memorandum of February of
1985, in which he urged the governments of
United Kingdom and the
US of A to fulfill the promises of the
Yalta Conference of
1945 and organise free elections in Poland. For such actions, Moczulski was arrested several times and held in prisons as a
political prisoners.
After the
Polish Round Table Agreement Round Table Talks and the peaceful transfer of power from the communist regime to the democratic authorities, Moczulski distanced himself from the aggreement and openly critisized the idea of ''
gruba kreska'', instead supporting an idea of
de-comunization, a concept coined after the post-
World War II de-nazification of
Nazi Germany. He also staid off the
Solidarity movement. He failed to gain enough support in the
Kraków-Podgórze constituency for his candidacy to the
Sejm in the
Contract Sejm Contract elections of
1989. The following year he took part in the
Polish presidential election, 1990 presidential elections scoring 2.50% of votes. In the
Polish parliamentary election, 1991 Polish parliamentary elections of
1991 he became a member of the
Sejm parliament. He held his post in the
Polish parliamentary election, 1993 elections of 1993. During his membership, he was a president of various commissions, including the commissions responsible for foreign policies, for support of
Polonia, as well as the commission working on the project of the new constitution.
Moczulski also took part in the
Polish presidential election, 1995 presidential election of
1995, though he withdrew his candidacy. In
1992, during the last days of the government of
Jan Olszewski, Moczulski was accused by
Antoni Macierewicz of being one of the secret agents of the
Służba Bezpieczeństwa (SB), a communist secret police. In
1997 Moczulski himself asked the
lustration tribunal to investigate the matter. However, contrary to his predictions, he was found guilty of hiding his collaboration with the SB, which ended his political career{{ref|lustration}}.
Note
# {{note|Lustration}} According to the Polish Lustration Act, all candidates to the Sejm, Senate or government are to announce whether they collaborated with secret services of the communist regime of Poland. The declaration is then printed on all official lists of candidates.
Category:Polish politicians Moczulski
Category:Polish historians Moczulski
pl:Leszek Moczulski
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