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Liverpool

*** Shopping-Tip: Liverpool
{{This|the city in England|Liverpool (disambiguation)}} Image:Liverpool Waterfront by Night.jpg The Wirral Peninsula thumb|centre|700px|Liverpool waterfront by night, as seen from the [[The Wirral Peninsula|Wirral..html" title="Meaning of Wirral.html" title="Meaning of thumb|centre|700px|Liverpool waterfront by night, as seen from the [[The Wirral Peninsula|Wirral">thumb|centre|700px|Liverpool waterfront by night, as seen from the [[The Wirral Peninsula|Wirral.">Wirral.html" title="Meaning of thumb|centre|700px|Liverpool waterfront by night, as seen from the [[The Wirral Peninsula|Wirral">thumb|centre|700px|Liverpool waterfront by night, as seen from the [[The Wirral Peninsula|Wirral. {| class="infobox bordered" cellpadding="3" width="250" |+ style="font-size: larger;" | '''City of Liverpool''' |- | colspan=2 style="text-align: center; background: white;"|Image:EnglandLiverpool.png |- | colspan=2 style="background: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bolder;"|Geography |- ! Status | Metropolitan borough, City status in the United Kingdom City (1880) |- ! Region | North West England |- ! Ceremonial counties of England Ceremonial county | Merseyside |- ! Traditional counties of England Historic county | Lancashire |- ! style="font-weight: normal;" | '''Surface area Area'''
- Total | List of English districts by area Ranked 232nd
1 E8 mÂ² 111.84 square kilometre kmÂ² |- ! Admin HQ | Liverpool |- ! ISO 3166-2:GB ISO 3166-2 | GB-LIV |- ! ONS coding system ONS code | 00BY |- ! British national grid reference system OS grid reference | {{gbmappingsmall|SJ437905}} |- ! Coordinates | 53Â°25N 3Â°W |- ! Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics NUTS 3 | UKD52 |- | colspan=2 style="background: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bolder;"|Demographics |- ! style="font-weight: normal;" | '''Population''':
- Total (2004 est.)
- Density |List of English districts by population Ranked 5th
444,500
3,974 / kmÂ² |- ! Ethnicity | 94.3% White
1.1% S. Asian
1.2% Afro-Caribbean
1.2% Chinese |- | colspan=2 style="background: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bolder;"|Politics |- |colspan=2 align=center|Liverpool City Council
http://www.liverpool.gov.uk/ |- ! Local government in England#Councils and councillors Leadership | Leader & Cabinet |- ! Control | Liberal Democrats (UK) Liberal Democrats |} '''Liverpool''' is a city status in the United Kingdom city and metropolitan borough in North West England. The city is governed by Liverpool City Council, one of five councils within the Metropolitan county of Merseyside. The population of the borough in 2002 was 441,477, and that of the Merseyside conurbation was 1,362,026. Whilst it has lost most of its manufacturing base, Liverpool is still well-known as a sea port. In sporting terms, it is home to the internationally-known football clubs Liverpool F.C. and Everton F.C.. In the year 2008, Liverpool will hold the Liverpool European Capital of Culture 2008 European Capital of Culture title. Liverpool is one of England's English Core Cities Group core cities, and is its 5th most highly populated. In the late 19th century, Liverpool laid claim to being the 'Second Port of the Empire', handling more goods than any city outside London. Liverpool is also internationally famous for its connections with popular music - the city is the birthplace of The Beatles, the most successful band of all time. Liverpool is situated along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary, with the city centre located about 5 miles inland from the Irish Sea. Liverpool has a varied topography being built across a ridge of hills rising up to a height of around 70 metres above sea-level at Everton Hill. The city's urban area runs directly into Bootle and Crosby in Sefton, Huyton and Prescot in Knowsley. It faces Wallasey and Birkenhead across the River Mersey. The county flower of Liverpool is the Sea-holly.

History
{{main|History of Liverpool}} The King John's Charter of 1207 created the Borough of Liverpool amd by the middle of the 16th century the population was still only around 500. In the 17th century there was slow progress in trade and population growth. A number of battles for the town were waged during the English Civil War, including an eighteen-day siege in 1644. In 1699 Liverpool was made a parish by Act of Parliament, that same year its first slave ship, Liverpool Merchant, set sail for Africa. As trade from the West Indies surpassed that of Ireland and Europe, Liverpool began to grow. The first wet dock in Britain was built in Liverpool in 1715. Substantial profits from the slave trade helped the town to prosper and rapidly grow. By close of the century Liverpool controlled over 40% of European and 80% of Britain's slave commerce. By the start of the century, 40% of the world's trade was passing through Liverpool and the construction of many major buildings reflected this wealth. The population continued to rise rapidly, especially during the 1840's when the Irish diaspora Irish began arriving by the thousands due to the Irish Potato Famine (1845-1849) Great Famine. By 1851, approximately 25% of the city was Irish-born. During the first part of the 20th century, Liverpool was pulling in emigrants from across Europe. During World War II there were eighty Liverpool Blitz air-raids on Merseyside, killing 2500 people and causing damage to almost half the homes in the metropolitan area. Since 1952 Liverpool has been twinned with Cologne, Germany, a city which shared the horrifying experience of excessive aerial bombing. Significant rebuilding followed the war, including massive housing estates and the Seaforth Dock, the largest dock project in Britain. In the 1960s Liverpool became a centre of youth culture. The "Merseybeat" sound which became synonymous with The Beatles and fellow Liverpudlian pop bands of the era catapulted the city to the front of the popular music scene.Economically however the city has been in decline since the 1950s with the loss of numerous employers and from the 1970s onwards Liverpool's docks and traditional manufacturing industries went into sharp decline. The advent of containerization meant that Liverpool's docks became largely obsolete. In the early 1980s unemployment rates in Liverpool were amongst the highest in the UK. In 1974, Liverpool became a metropolitan district within the newly created metropolitan county of Merseyside, it had previously been in Lancashire. At the end of the century Liverpool was concentrating on regeneration which still continues today, with the city winning the accolade of European Capital of Culture for 2008. Capitalising on the popularity of the 1960s pop group The Beatles and other groups of the Merseybeat era, tourism has also become a significant factor in Liverpool's economy.

Culture
Image:Beatlessullivantogether.jpg The Beatles.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|300px|"The Sons of Liverpool", [[The Beatles..html" title="Meaning of 300px|"The Sons of Liverpool", [[The Beatles">thumb|300px|"The Sons of Liverpool", [[The Beatles.">300px|"The Sons of Liverpool", [[The Beatles">thumb|300px|"The Sons of Liverpool", [[The Beatles. Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as "Liverpudlians" and nicknamed "Scousers", though this term is often (erroneously) used to cover other Merseysiders. They are noted for their distinctive accent and dialect, called Scouse. Liverpool has a vibrant artistic life. Several pre-Raphaelites are among the important paintings in the Walker Art Gallery. Sudley House contains another major collection of pre 20th century art [http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ National Museums Liverpool]. The Tate Liverpool gallery houses the modern art collection of the Tate in the north of England. The Liverpool Biennial [http://www.biennial.org.uk/ Liverpool Biennial]is a festival of arts held (as the name implies) every two years. The festival generally runs from mid September to late November and comprises three main sections; the International, The Independents and New Contemporaries although many fringe events are timed to coincide. It was during this event in 2004 that Yoko Ono's work "My mother is beautiful" caused widespread public protest by exhibiting photographs of a naked woman's pubic area on the main shopping street. Despite widespead protest the work remained in place. Image:Liverpool 2008 Flag.jpg Port of Liverpool Building.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|left|Liverpool European Capital of Culture 2008 flag, flying in front of the [[Port of Liverpool Building.html" title="Meaning of left|Liverpool European Capital of Culture 2008 flag, flying in front of the [[Port of Liverpool Building">thumb|left|Liverpool European Capital of Culture 2008 flag, flying in front of the [[Port of Liverpool Building">left|Liverpool European Capital of Culture 2008 flag, flying in front of the [[Port of Liverpool Building">thumb|left|Liverpool European Capital of Culture 2008 flag, flying in front of the [[Port of Liverpool Building A flourishing orchestra, the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra performs in its own hall, the Philharmonic Hall. The city also became well known for the Liverpool poets, of whom Roger McGough and the late Adrian Henri are among the best known. These three poets, sold more than a million copies of their first book of poetry ''The Liverpool Sound''. Also from Liverpool is a writer, poet and author, who lives in Crosby, called John Haines, who uses the pen name Josh Rogan for fiction. The city is also home to several successful theatre companies, such as the Everyman & Playhouse [http://www.everymanplayhouse.com/ Everyman & Playhouse] and the Unity Theatre [http://www.unitytheatreliverpool.co.uk/ Unity Theatre Liverpool]. [[Image:Superlambbanana.JPG|thumb|right|300px|SuperlambBanana, a well-known sculpture in the Albert Dock, recently relocated]] In 2003, Liverpool was awarded status as Liverpool European Capital of Culture 2008 European Capital of Culture for 2008 and property developer Grosvenor started a Â£750 million regeneration of part of the city centre.

Sport
Liverpool has two FA Premier league Premier League football clubs: Everton F.C. at Goodison Park and Liverpool F.C. at Anfield. Both teams have enjoyed a considerable amount of success, with Liverpool having won 18 The Football League league titles, the UEFA Champions League European Cup five times and the FA Cup six times, while Everton have won nine league titles and the FA Cup five times. Aintree Racecourse to the north of Liverpool (actually in the adjacent borough of Sefton) is home to the famous steeplechase (horse racing) steeplechase, the Grand National. One of the most famous events in the international horse racing calendar, it is held over a number of days in early April of each year. In addition to horse-racing, Aintree has also hosted motor racing, including the British Grand Prix in the 1950s and 1960s. Liverpool Harriers, who meet at Wavertree Athletics Centre are one of five athletic clubs. Liverpool has a long history of boxing that has produced John Conteh, Alan Rudkin and Paul Hodkinson and hosts high level amateur boxing events. Park Road Gymnastics Centre provides training to a high level. The City of Liverpool Swimming Club has been National Speedo League Champions 8 out of the last 11 years. Liverpool Tennis Development Programme based at Wavertree Tennis Centre is one of the largest in the UK [http://sportsdevelopment.liverpool.gov.uk/index.asp Liverpool Sports Development website].

Landmarks
Image:UK.Liverpool.Waterfront.01.jpg thumb|right|300px|Pier Head area, seen from the Albert Dock The built environment of Liverpool contains over 2,500 listed buildings Listed buildings in Liverpool (26 Grade I and 85 Grade II*) it is the inheritance of high-minded public spirit since the later 18th century, largely with Dissenter impetus, that has resulted in more public sculpture than in any UK city aside from Westminster, more listed buildings than any city apart from London and, surprisingly, more Georgian houses than the City of Bath. In 2004 Liverpool's waterfront was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, the justification is Liverpool's importance in the development of world trading system and Dock (maritime) dock technology. Amongst its superlatives: Liverpool has the largest panel of stained glass in the world (in Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral), the largest brick building in the world, and the first enclosed integrated dock system in the world. The Anglican Cathedral has the longest nave, largest organ and heaviest and highest peal of bells in the world. Image:Royal Liver Building above Dale Street - Liverpool - 2005-06-27.jpg Royal Liver Building.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|right|300px|The [[Royal Liver Building towers over Water Street and the Town Hall.html" title="Meaning of right|300px|The [[Royal Liver Building">thumb|right|300px|The [[Royal Liver Building towers over Water Street and the Town Hall">right|300px|The [[Royal Liver Building">thumb|right|300px|The [[Royal Liver Building towers over Water Street and the Town Hall Architects well represented in Liverpool: Giles Gilbert Scott, Peter Ellis (architect) Peter Ellis, Harvey Lonsdale Elmes, and John Foster. Sir Edwin Lutyens is represented by the completed crypt of his projected Metropolitan Cathedral, which was built to a simpler design by Frederick Gibberd. *Albert Dock *Bluecoat Arts Centre *Cast Iron Shore *Cunard Building *Lime Street Station *Royal Liver Building *Liverpool John Moores University *Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine *Liverpool University *Merseyside Maritime Museum *Museum of Liverpool Life *Oriel Chambers design by Peter Ellis (Architect) Peter Ellis. Image:Anglican.JPG thumb|right|300px|View of Liverpool's Anglican cathedral *The Philharmonic Dining Rooms *Pier Head *Port of Liverpool Building *Quiggins *St. Georgeâ€™s Hall, Liverpool St Georgeâ€™s Hall *Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse *The Beatles Story *Liverpool Town-Hall Town-Hall *Walker Art Gallery *Wellington's Column *William Brown Library *Williamson's tunnels

Theatres
*The Empire (Liverpool) Empire *Everyman Theatre Everyman *The Neptune Neptune *Philharmonic Hall image:Liverpool skyline.jpg Royal Liver Building thumb|right|300px|Liverpool's skyline, as seen from the River Mersey. The [[Royal Liver Building|Liver Building is central. (:Image:Liverpool skyline, closeup.jpg Closeup view).html" title="Meaning of Liver Building.html" title="Meaning of thumb|right|300px|Liverpool's skyline, as seen from the River Mersey. The [[Royal Liver Building|Liver Building">thumb|right|300px|Liverpool's skyline, as seen from the River Mersey. The [[Royal Liver Building|Liver Building is central. (:Image:Liverpool skyline, closeup.jpg Closeup view)">Liver Building.html" title="Meaning of thumb|right|300px|Liverpool's skyline, as seen from the River Mersey. The [[Royal Liver Building|Liver Building">thumb|right|300px|Liverpool's skyline, as seen from the River Mersey. The [[Royal Liver Building|Liver Building is central. (:Image:Liverpool skyline, closeup.jpg Closeup view) *The Playhouse (Liverpool) The Playhouse *Royal Court (Liverpool) Royal Court *Unity Theatre, Liverpool Unity

Ritual sites
*Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas *Gustav Adolfus Kyrka The Swedish Seamen's Church. *Liverpool Cathedral (Anglican) *Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King (Roman Catholic), *Princes Road Synagogue *Church of St Luke, Liverpool *Church of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas, Liverpool Church of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas the seafarers church and Liverpool parish church.

Education
In Liverpool primary education is available in various forms supported by the state include secular, Church of England, Islamic, Jewish and Roman Catholic. Currently no specific Islamic secondary education is provided. One of Liverpool important early schools was The Liverpool Blue Coat School was founded in 1708 as a charitable school, it continues today. Liverpool College [http://www.liverpoolcollege.org.uk/ Liverpool College] is the leading private school. Another of Liverpool's notable senior schools is St. Edward's College, a former private high school located in West Derby. Liverpool has three university universities, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Hope University. It also has a university college, Edge Hill College of Higher Education, which has re-located to Ormskirk in South-West Lancashire. Liverpool John Moores University is one of the polytechnics given university status in 1992 and is named after the owner of the Littlewoods retail group. The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine was founded to address some of the problems created by trade, today it continues as a post graduate school and is one of only two institutions on planet Earth that house the de facto standard anti-venom repository. The University of Liverpool awarded the first ever Philosophy PhD in Robert Pirsig's Metaphysics of Quality to Anthony McWatt in July 2005. The Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts which was set up by Sir Paul McCartney in 1996, to train artistes and technicians, in the building which formerly housed the Liverpool Institute for Boys.

Transport
There are three tunnels under the River Mersey: one railway tunnel, the Mersey Railway Mersey Railway Tunnel, and two road tunnels, Queensway Tunnel and Kingsway Tunnel. There is also the Mersey Ferry, made famous by the song ''Ferry Cross the Mersey'' by Gerry and the Pacemakers. In fact the song is now played on the ferryboats themselves every time they prepare to dock at Liverpool. In 2001, Liverpool Airport, situated near Speke in the south of the city, was renamed Liverpool John Lennon Airport, in honour of the late Beatle John Lennon. The airport's logo consists of a sketch that Lennon had drawn of himself, and the words "Above us only sky", lyrics from his song ''Imagine (song) Imagine''. The airport was the starting point for many Beatles tours in the sixties, and image of the boys boarding planes there were seen throughout the world. In 2002 716,000 passengers used the Port of Liverpool, with the Isle of Man and Ireland being the two most important passenger routes. Liverpool is served by the Merseyrail Urban area urban rail network. The sections in the city centre are mostly underground. It has two lines: the Northern Line (Merseyrail) Northern Line, which runs to Southport, Ormskirk, Kirkby and Hunts Cross, and the Wirral Line, which runs through the Mersey Railway Tunnel and has branches to West Kirby, New Brighton, Merseyside New Brighton, Ellesmere Port and Chester. The city's main railway station for longer-distance services is Liverpool Lime Street railway station Lime Street station. Trains from Liverpool operate to destinations including London, Birmingham, Manchester, Preston, Leeds, Scarborough, Sheffield, Nottingham and Norwich. Historically, Liverpool had an extensive tram network; however, this was dismantled in the 1950s. From 1893 to 1956, the Liverpool docks were served by the Liverpool Overhead Railway. A number of other railway lines, such as the Canada Dock Branch from Edge Hill to Kirkdale, no longer see passenger services, or have been removed completely, such as the North Liverpool Extension Line. In 2001 a plan to build new a light rail system, Merseytram, was developed, although after central Government refused to underwrite the project, it was cancelled in November 2005 due to spiralling costs.

Famous Liverpudlians
A great many famous names have been associated with Liverpool; see :Category:Liverpudlians Liverpudlians. Liverpool has also played a large part in UK (and sometimes world) Pop Music culture since the 1960s. For a list of some noteworthy groups from the area, consult the list of famous bands from Liverpool.

Media
Image:Bigtellylpool.JPG BBC_Big Screen.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|right|300px|[[BBC Big Screen.html" title="Meaning of right|300px|[[BBC Big Screen">thumb|right|300px|[[BBC Big Screen">right|300px|[[BBC Big Screen">thumb|right|300px|[[BBC Big Screen Because no television broadcasters are based there, Liverpool could be seen as poorly represented in the media when compared with other major UK cities. The ITV region which covers Liverpool is ITV Granada, which based in Manchester. The BBC's regional news is also based in Manchester. This arrangement has always been controversial locally and one which will likely become more so with the BBC decision to build new national facilities in Manchester, increasing Manchester's influence over regional media. Liverpool is the home of the TV production company Mersey Television which formerly produced the now-defunct soap opera, Brookside, and currently produces Hollyoaks for Channel 4 and Grange Hill (television) Grange Hill for the BBC. Mersey Television is owned by All3Media. The city fares better with regards to other media. The city has two daily newspapers: the Liverpool Daily Post in the morning and the evening Liverpool Echo, both published by the same company, the Trinity Mirror group. The Daily Post, especially, serves a wider area, including north Wales. Radio stations include BBC Radio Merseyside, Juice FM and Radio City (Liverpool radio station) Radio City as well as Magic 1548. The last two are both based in St. John's Beacon which, along with the two cathedrals, dominates the city's skyline. The independent media organisation Indymedia also covers Liverpool. Liverpool has also featured in many films, for instance see List of films set in Liverpool.

Economy
The economy of Liverpool is beginning to recover from its long post World War II WWII decline. Between 1995 and 2001 GVA per head grew at 6.3% annum. This compared with 5.8% for inner London and 5.7% for Bristol. The rate of Jobs growth was 9.2% compared with a national average of 4.9% for the same period, 1998-2002. Like the rest of the United Kingdom the city has seen a large growth in service industries and has several major call centres. The activities of the port have left the site with a communications infrastructure that had for a long time exceeded requirements. Growth in the areas of New Media has been helped by the existence of a relatively large Computer game development community. Tourism is a major factor in the economy and will be of increasing importance in the run up to the Liverpool years as European Capital of Culture. This has led to a great increase in the provision of high quality services such as Hotels, restaurants and clubs. The buildings of Liverpool not only attract tourists but also film makers, who regularly use Liverpool to double for many cities around the worlds and making it the second most filmed city in the UK.

Districts of Liverpool
Districts of Liverpool include: * Aigburth, Allerton, Merseyside Allerton, Anfield, Liverpool Anfield * Belle Vale, Liverpool Belle Vale, Broadgreen, Merseyside Broadgreen * Childwall, Clubmoor, Cressington, Croxteth * Dingle, Liverpool Dingle * Edge Hill, Liverpool Edge Hill, Everton * Fairfield, Fazakerley * Garston, Merseyside Garston, Gateacre, Grassendale * Hunts Cross * Kensington, Liverpool Kensington * Kirkdale, Knotty Ash * Mossley Hill * Netherley, Norris Green * Old Swan * St Michael's Hamlet, Sefton Park (district) Sefton Park, Speke, Stoneycroft * Toxteth, Tuebrook * Walton, Merseyside Walton, Wavertree, West Derby, Woolton

Parliamentary constituencies and MP's
:''See also: List of Parliamentary constituencies on Merseyside'' Liverpool has five United Kingdom constituencies parliamentary constituencies: Liverpool Garston (UK Parliament constituency) Liverpool Garston, Liverpool Riverside (UK Parliament constituency) Liverpool Riverside, Liverpool Walton (UK Parliament constituency) Liverpool Walton, Liverpool Wavertree (UK Parliament constituency) Liverpool Wavertree and Liverpool West Derby (UK Parliament constituency) Liverpool West Derby. At the United Kingdom general election, 2005 2005 general election, all were held by the Labour Party (UK) Labour Party, and are represented by Maria Eagle, Louise Ellman, Jane Kennedy (politician) Jane Kennedy, Peter Kilfoyle and Robert Nelson Wareing Robert Wareing respectively.

See also
* Cream (nightclub) * :Category:Culture in Liverpool Culture in Liverpool * Everton F.C. * List of television shows set in Liverpool * Liverpool F.C. * Liverpool Garden Festival * John Haines * Port of Liverpool * Vestey Group * Williamson's tunnels

References

External links
{{commons|Liverpool}}
- Liverpool City Council
- Liverpool Pictorial
- Liverpool: European Capital of Culture 2008
- UNESCO citation
- Port Cities Liverpool
- CSS Alabama
- MultiMap Aerial Photograph
- Liverpool John Moores University History Project
- Liverpool street index
- The Big Pan of Scouse Films
- Indymedia Liverpool
- Liverpool and the American Civil War
- Liverpool Skyline (images of Liverpool)
- Liverpool Views
- Ship movemnts from Automatic Identification System {{NW_England}} {{English Cities}} Category:Cities in England Category:Coastal cities Category:Liverpool Category:Metropolitan boroughs Category:Port cities Liverpool, U.K. Category:World Heritage Sites in England af:Liverpool ar:Ù„ÙŠÙ?Ø±Ø¨ÙˆÙ„ bg:Ð›Ð¸Ð²ÑŠÑ€Ð¿ÑƒÐ» cy:Lerpwl da:Liverpool de:Liverpool et:Liverpool es:Liverpool eo:Liverpool fa:Ù„ÛŒÙˆØ±Ù¾ÙˆÙ„ fr:Liverpool id:Liverpool (kota) it:Liverpool he:×œ×™×‘×¨×¤×•×œ lt:Liverpulis nl:Liverpool ja:ãƒªãƒ´ã‚¡ãƒ—ãƒ¼ãƒ« no:Liverpool pl:Liverpool pt:Liverpool ru:Ð›Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑ€Ð¿ÑƒÐ»ÑŒ simple:Liverpool fi:Liverpool sv:Liverpool th:à¸¥à¸´à¹€à¸§à¸à¸£à¹Œà¸žà¸¹à¸¥ zh:åˆ©ç‰©æµ¦ Liverpool is a city in North West England North West England, and the main urban centre of the metropolitan county of Merseyside. Liverpool is also the name of one of the five metropolitan boroughs in Merseyside. category:Cities in England Category:Merseyside

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