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March 31
*** Shopping-Tip: March 31
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|{{MarchCalendar}}
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'''
March 31''' is the
90 (number) 90th day of the year in the
Gregorian Calendar (91st in
Leap years), with 275 days remaining.
Events
*
307 - After divorcing his wife
Minervina,
Constantine I the Great Constantine marries
Fausta, the daughter of the retired
Roman Emperor Maximian.
*
1717 - A
Sermon (oration) sermon on "
The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ" by
Benjamin Hoadly, the
Bishop of Bangor, provoked the
Bangorian Controversy.
*
1774 -
American Revolutionary War: The
Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of
Boston, Massachusetts closed in the
Boston Port Act.
*
1854 -
Commodore Matthew Perry (naval officer) Matthew Perry signs the
Treaty of Kanagawa with the
Japanese
government, opening the ports of
Shimoda and
Hakodate to
United States American trade.
*
1866 - The
Spanish Navy bombs the harbour of
ValparaÃso,
Chile..
*
1885 - The
United Kingdom establishes a
protectorate over
Bechuanaland.
*
1889 - The
Eiffel Tower is inaugurated.
*1900 - The W.E. Roach Company was the first car company to be advertised in a national magazine.
*1903 -
Richard Pearse reportedly flies a heavier-than-air machine in powered flight near
Pleasant Point,
South Canterbury, New Zealand; some claim
1902.
*
1906 - The
Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later
National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for amateur
sports in the
United States.
*
1909 -
Serbia accepts
Austrian control over
Bosnia-Herzegovina.
*
1917 - The
United States takes possession of the
Danish West Indies after paying $25 million to
Denmark, and renames the territory the
United States Virgin Islands U.S. Virgin Islands.
*
1918 -
Daylight Savings Time goes into effect in the
United States for the first time.
*
1930 - The
Hays Code Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in
film motion pictures for the next forty years.
*
1931 - An
earthquake destroys
Managua Nicaragua, killing 2,000.
*
1933 - The
Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission to relieve rampant unemployment.
*
1949 - The
Dominion of Newfoundland joins
Confederation and becomes the 10th
Province of
Canada.
*
1957 - Elections to the
Territorial Assembly Election in Upper Volta 1957 Territorial Assembly of the
France French colony
Upper Volta. After the elections
Unified Democratic Party PDU and
Voltaic Democratic Movement MDV form a
government.
*
1959 - The 14th
Dalai Lama,
Tenzin Gyatso, crosses the border into
India and is granted
political asylum.
*
1964 - The
History of Brazil (1964-1985)#History of Brazil (1964-1985) Dictatorship in Brazil, under the aegis of general
Humberto Castelo Branco Castello Branco, begins.
*
1966 - The
Soviet Union launches
Luna 10 which later becomes the first
spaceprobe to enter orbit around the
Moon.
*
1967 -
Jimi Hendrix burns his
guitar for the first time at
London's
Astoria Theatre. He is sent to the hospital afterwards for burns on his hands.
*
1968 -
President Lyndon Johnson announces he will not run for re-election.
*
1970 -
Explorer 1 re-enters the
Earth's atmosphere (after 12 years in orbit).
*1970 - Eight
terrorism terrorists from the
Japanese Red Army Hijacking hijacked a
Japan Airlines Boeing 727 at
Tokyo International Airport, wielding
Katana samurai swords and carrying a
bomb.
*
1979 - In
Jerusalem,
Israel,
Gali Atari &
Milk and Honey win the twenty-fourth
Eurovision Song Contest for
Israel singing "
Hallelujah".
*1979 - The last
British soldier leaves the
Maltese Islands.
*
1985 - The first ever
WrestleMania (1985) WrestleMania is held in
New York City's
Madison Square Garden.
*
1986 - A
Mexicana Boeing 727 en route to
Puerto Vallarta erupts in flames and crashes in the mountains northwest of
Mexico City, killing 166.
*1986 - Six
metropolitan county councils are abolished in
England.
*
1990 -
Boxer Julio César Chávez defeats
Meldrick Taylor to unify the
boxing's world
junior welterweight title in a very controversial fight known as "
Thunder Meets Lightning".
*
1991 -
British Telecom changes its name into '
BT'.
*
1992 - The
television news program ''
Dateline NBC'' premieres.
*
1993 -
Actor Brandon Lee is accidentally killed during the filming of ''
The Crow''.
*
1994 - The
journal ''
Nature (journal) Nature'' reports the finding in
Ethiopia of the first complete ''
Australopithecus afarensis'' skull (see
Human evolution).
*
1995 - Popular
Tex-Mex singer Selena Selena Quintanilla is murdered by her assistant
Yolanda SaldÃvar in a
Corpus Christi, Texas motel after a heated discussion where the latter was accused of ripping off the artist's
fan club.
*
1996 -
Valentino Rossi takes part in his first 125cc
Grand Prix motorcycles Motorcycle Grand Prix race, at
Shah Alam,
Malaysia.
*
1998 -
Netscape Communications Corporation Netscape releases the
code base of its browser under an
open source license agreement; the open source project is given the code name
Mozilla, and would eventually be spun off into the non-profit
Mozilla Foundation.
*
2001 -
Gordon B. Hinckley, president of
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, announces the formation of the
Perpetual Education Fund, an endowment to offer loans to students in developing nations.
*
2004 -
Google announces
Gmail, the first web-based mail service to offer 1
gigabyte of storage.
*2004 - In
Fallujah,
Iraq, 4
United States American private military contractors working for
Blackwater USA, are killed and their bodies mutilated after being ambushed.
*2004 -
Sandton Square in
Johannesburg,
South Africa, is renamed
Nelson Mandela Square.
Births
*
250 -
Constantius Chlorus,
Roman Emperor (d.
306)
*
1499 -
Pope Pius IV (d.
1565)
*
1504 -
Guru Angad Dev, second Sikh guru (d.
1552)
*
1519 - King
Henry II of France (d.
1559)
*
1536 -
Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese shogun (d.
1565)
*
1596 -
René Descartes, French mathematician (d.
1650)
*
1621 -
Andrew Marvell, English poet (d.
1678)
*
1651 -
Karl II, Elector Palatine (d.
1685)
*
1675 -
Pope Benedict XIV (d.
1758)
*
1718 -
Marianne Victoria of Borbón, queen regent of Portugal (d.
1781)
*
1723 - King
Frederick V of Denmark (d.
1766)
*
1732 -
Franz Josef Haydn, Austrian composer (d.
1809)
*
1777 -
Charles Cagniard de la Tour, French physicist (d.
1859)
*
1778 -
Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Dutch zoologist (d.
1858)
*
1809 -
Edward FitzGerald, English poet (d.
1883)
*
1811 -
Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, German chemist and inventor (d.
1899)
*
1871 -
Arthur Griffith,
President of Ireland (d.
1922)
*
1872 -
Alexandra Kollontai, world's first female ambassador (d.
1952)
*
1878 -
Jack Johnson (boxer) Jack Johnson, American boxer (d.
1946)
*
1885 -
Pascin, Bulgarian painter (d.
1930)
*
1890 -
William Lawrence Bragg, English physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1971)
*
1891 -
Victor Varconi, Hungarian film actor (d.
1976)
*
1906 -
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1979)
*
1911 -
Elisabeth Grümmer, Alsatian soprano (d.
1986)
*
1914 -
Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat and writer,
Nobel Prize in Literature Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1998)
*
1915 -
Albert Hourani, English historian (d.
1993)
*
1922 -
Richard Kiley, American actor and singer (d.
1999)
*
1924 -
Leo Buscaglia, American author (d.
1998)
*
1926 -
John Fowles, English author (d.
2005)
*
1927 -
César Chávez, American labor activist (d.
1993)
* 1927 -
William Daniels, American actor
*
1928 -
Lefty Frizzell, American singer and songwriter (d.
1975)
* 1928 -
Gordie Howe, Canadian hockey player
*
1929 -
Lucille Bliss, American voice actress
* 1929 -
Liz Claiborne, Belgian fashion designer
*
1931 -
Miller Barber, American professional golfer
*
1933 -
Nichita Stănescu, Romanian poet (d.
1983)
*
1934 -
Richard Chamberlain, American actor
* 1934 -
Shirley Jones, American singer and actress
* 1934 -
Carlo Rubbia, Italian physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate
*
1935 -
Herb Alpert, American trumpeter and band leader
* 1935 -
Judith Rossner, American author
*
1936 -
Bob Pulford, Canadian professional ice hockey forward
*
1936 -
Marge Piercy, poet and novelist of such novels as Woman on the Edge of Time
*
1938 -
Sheila Dikshit,
Chief Minister of
Delhi
*
1939 -
Zviad Gamsakhurdia, first
President of Georgia (d.
1993)
* 1939 -
Volker Schlöndorff Volker Schlöndorff, German film director
*
1940 -
Patrick Leahy, U.S. Senator from Vermont
*
1943 -
Christopher Walken, American actor
*
1945 -
Valerie Curtin, American actress, writer, and producer
* 1945 -
Gabe Kaplan, American actor and comedian
*
1946 -
Gonzalo Márquez, Venezuelan
Major League Baseball player (d.
1984)
*
1947 -
Cesar Gaviria Trujillo,
President of Colombia
*
1948 -
Al Gore,
Vice President of the United States
* 1948 -
Rhea Perlman, American actress
*
1950 -
Ed Marinaro, American football player and actor
* 1950 -
Andras Adorjan, Hungarian chess player
*
1955 -
Angus Young, Scottish-born musician (
AC/DC)
*
1957 -
Marc McClure, American actor
*
1965 -
Tom Barrasso, retired American ice hockey player
*
1966 -
Roger Black, British athlete
*
1971 -
Pavel Bure, Russian hockey player
* 1971 -
Ewan McGregor, Scottish actor
*
1973 -
Bold Forbes, Puerto Rican racehorse (d.
2000)
*
1974 -
Stefan Olsdal, Swedish bassist for
Placebo (band) Placebo
* 1974 -
Benjamin Eicher, Swiss film director
*
1976 -
Josh Saviano, American actor
*
1978 -
Stephen Clemence, English footballer
* 1978 -
Jérôme Rothen, French footballer
*
1980 -
Chien-Ming Wang, Taiwanese
Major League Baseball player
*
1982 -
Tal Ben Haim, Israeli footballer
* 1982 -
Philippe Mexès, French footballer
Deaths
*
1204 -
Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France and England (b.
1121)
*
1340 -
Ivan I of Russia, Prince of Moscow (b.
1288)
*
1567 -
Philipp I of Hesse (b.
1504)
*
1621 -
Philip III of Spain (b.
1578)
*
1631 -
John Donne, English writer and prelate (b.
1572)
*
1671 -
Anne Hyde, queen of
James II of England (b.
1637)
*
1703 -
Johann Christoph Bach, German composer (b.
1642)
*
1723 -
Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon, British Governor of New York and New Jersey (b.
1661)
*
1727 -
Sir Isaac Newton, mathematician and physicist (b.
1643)
*
1741 -
Pieter Burmann the Elder, Dutch classical scholar (b.
1668)
*
1783 -
Nikita Ivanovich Panin, Russian statesman (b.
1718)
*
1837 -
John Constable, English painter (b.
1776)
*
1855 -
Charlotte Brontë, English author (b.
1816)
*
1880 -
Henryk Wieniawski, Polish composer (b.
1835)
*
1885 -
Franz Wilhelm Abt, German composer (b.
1819)
*
1913 -
J. P. Morgan John Pierpont Morgan, American financier and banker (b.
1837)
*
1917 -
Emil Adolf von Behring, German physician, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b.
1854)
*
1915 -
Wyndham Halswelle, British runner (b.
1882)
*
1931 -
Knute Rockne, American football coach (b.
1888)
*
1945 -
Hans Fischer, German chemist,
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate (b.
1881)
* 1945 -
Anne Frank, German-born diarist (b.
1929)
*
1952 -
Wallace H. White, Jr., U.S. Senator from Maine (b.
1877)
*
1954 -
Edwin Armstrong, American electrical engineer and inventor (b.
1890)
*
1956 -
Ralph DePalma, Italian-born race car driver (b.
1884)
*
1978 -
Charles Best, Canadian medical scientist (b.
1899)
*
1980 -
VladimÃr Holan, Czech poet (b.
1905)
* 1980 -
Jesse Owens, American athlete (b.
1913)
*
1981 -
Enid Bagnold, British author and playwright (b.
1889)
*
1984 -
Ronald Clark O'Bryan, American murderer (executed) (b.
1944)
*
1985 -
The Singing Nun, Belgian nun and singer (b.
1933)
*
1988 -
William McMahon, twentieth
Prime Minister of Australia (b.
1908)
*
1993 -
Brandon Lee, American actor (b.
1965)
*
1995 -
Selena, Mexican-American singer (b.
1971)
*
1998 -
Bella Abzug, American politician (b.
1920)
*
1999 -
Yuri Knorosov, Russian linguist and epigrapher (b.
1922)
*
2001 -
Clifford Shull, American physicist,
Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize laureate (b.
1915)
*
2002 -
Barry Took, British comedian and writer (b.
1928)
*
2003 -
H.S.M. Coxeter, English-born geometer and author (b.
1907)
* 2003 -
Tommy Seebach, Danish singer (b.
1949)
*
2005 -
Stanley J. Korsmeyer, American oncologist (b.
1951)
* 2005 -
Frank Perdue, American poultry farmer (b.
1920)
Holidays and observances
*
New Jersey -
Thomas Mundy Peterson Thomas Mundy Peterson Day.
*
César Chávez Day - official holiday in five states and many cities across the
United States U.S.
*
Freedom Day in
Malta.
*
Transfer Day in
Virgin Islands U.S. Virgin Islands.
External links
-
BBC: On This Day
-
Epic Idiot: On This Day
----
February 28 -
February 29 - (
February 30) -
March 30 -
April 1 -
April 30 --
historical anniversaries listing of all days
{{months}}
af:31 Maart
ar:31 مارس
an:31 de marzo
ast:31 de marzu
bg:31 март
be:31 Ñ?акавіка
bs:31. mart
ca:31 de març
ceb:Marso 31
cv:Пуш, 31
co:31 di marzu
cs:31. březen
cy:31 Mawrth
da:31. marts
de:31. März
et:31. märts
el:31 ΜαÏ?τίου
es:31 de marzo
eo:31-a de marto
eu:Martxoaren 31
fo:31. mars
fr:31 mars
fy:31 maart
fur:31 di Març
ga:31 Márta
gl:31 de marzo
ko:3ì›” 31ì?¼
hr:31. ožujka
io:31 di marto
id:31 Maret
ia:31 de martio
is:31. mars
it:31 marzo
he:31 במרץ
jv:31 Maret
ka:31 მ�რტი
csb:31 strumiannika
ku:31'ê adarê
lv:31. marts
lt:Kovo 31
lb:31. Mäerz
hu:Március 31
mk:31 март
ms:31 Mac
nap:31 'e mà rzo
nl:31 maart
ja:3月31日
no:31. mars
nn:31. mars
oc:31 de març
pl:31 marca
pt:31 de Março
ro:31 martie
ru:31 марта
sco:31 Mairch
sq:31 Mars
scn:31 di marzu
simple:March 31
sk:31. marec
sl:31. marec
sr:31. март
fi:31. maaliskuuta
sv:31 mars
tl:Marso 31
tt:31. Mart
te:మార�చి 31
th:31 มีนาคม
vi:31 tháng 3
tr:31 Mart
uk:31 березнÑ?
wa:31 di måss
war:Marso 31
zh:3月31日
pam:Marsu 31
*** Shopping-Tip: March 31
