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Metallica

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'''{{Infobox band| band_name=Metallica| image=Image:Metallicalogo.jpg 250px|Metallica Logo.| years_active=1981-present| status=Active| country=San Francisco, California, USA| music_genre=thrash metal Thrash metal
heavy metal music Heavy metal
hard rock Hard rock
| record_label=Megaforce Records Megaforce (1982-1984)
Elektra Records Elektra (1984-2005)
Warner Music Group Warner (2006-Present)| current_members=James Hetfield
Lars Ulrich
Kirk Hammett
Robert Trujillo| tabwiki=true| }}''' '''Metallica''' is an United States American heavy metal music heavy metal band formed in October 1981. With 57 million albums sold in the United States ([http://www.riaa.com/gp/bestsellers/topartists.asp RIAA Total Sales]), and 40 million albums sold outside the US [http://www.metallica.com/index.asp?item=670] [http://www.guitarcenter.com/interview/larsulrich/index.cfm], the total number of album sales is approximately 100 million. With the release of their most successful album to date, 1991's Metallica (album) Metallica, the band has become one of the most commercially successful heavy metal acts in history, as well as the 18th biggest selling act in American music history. After building a following through its role in the development of modern heavy metal, especially thrash metal, (considered, along with Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax (band) Anthrax as one of the "big four" of thrash metal) in the mid-1980s, the band broadened its audience in the early 1990s. Accordingly, the band stood as the most commercially visible example of the metal genre for most of that decade. In contrast, Metallica's vastly increased commercial success was accompanied by stylistic changes that fostered accusations of "sell out selling out." In 2003 Metallica released their 8th studio album, entitled ''St. Anger'', a collection of the most aggressive music they had written in a decade. Critical reviews were deeply divided, though their 2004 '''"Madly In Anger With The World"''' tour in support of the album remained very successful.

History

The early days
Metallica was formed in Downey, California in 1981 by drummer and former tennis prodigy Lars Ulrich and guitarist and vocalist James Hetfield, who met after each had separately placed classified advertisements in the United States American publication The Recycler. James Hetfield responded to Lars Ulrich's call. Bassist Ron McGovney was an original member, and the band used a few transient guitar players, such as Brad Parker and Jeff Warner. Their first session played was in Lars Ulrich's garage. At that time there were only three members, Lars Ulrich, James Hetfield, and Lloyd Grant. Ron McGovney joined a few days later. Metallica got its name when drummer Lars Ulrich was helping San Francisco-area metal promoter Ron Quintana pick out a name for a new magazine to promote metal and the New Wave Of British Heavy Metal bands. Quintana came up with a suggestion "Metallica," but Lars quickly suggested another and decided to use that name for the band he and James Hetfield had just started. Image:Metallica.jpg 250px|thumb|The classic line-up: Kirk Hammett, Lars Ulrich, James Hetfield and Cliff Burton.In early 1982, Metallica recorded "Hit the Lights" for the first ''Metal Massacre'' compilation. Guitarist Lloyd Grant was brought in to do the solos on the track but was never a full member of the band. Desperate for a full time lead guitarist, Ulrich posted an ad in the local newspapers. Dave Mustaine from Huntington Beach, California, a guitarist from the band Panic (band) Panic responded, and upon arrival started a sound check. Ulrich and Hetfield were so impressed with Mustaine's warm up and equipment that they asked him to join before actually auditioning. A few months later the band recorded a full demo, ''No Life 'Till Leather'', which quickly drew attention on the underground tape trading circuit. Conflicts with Mustaine eventually caused McGovney to leave the band, and he was replaced by Cliff Burton from Castro Valley, California, lured from his band Trauma in exchange for the other members of Metallica relocating to the San Francisco area. Upon arriving in El Cerrito, Contra Costa County, California El Cerrito, California, the group quickly built a healthy local following in the Bay Area thrash metal Bay Area Thrash Scene via word-of-mouth and live performances. Metallica then traveled to New York in 1983 at the urging of local promoters Jon and Marsha Zazula, and after a few gigs the band signed with the Zazulas' brand new label, Megaforce Records. Shortly after arriving in New York, Mustaine was fired due to various disruptive, unproductive behaviors all related to alcoholism and other addictions. Kirk Hammett was drafted from Exodus (band) Exodus to replace him. Mustaine would go on to create the thrash metal band Megadeth. A pupil of Joe Satriani, Hammett brought to the band a more melodic and progressive guitar style quite different from Mustaine. This would become more apparent after ''Ride the Lightning'', the first album to feature Hammett's songwriting. Metallica's first album, Kill 'Em All, was released in 1983 on Megaforce Records. The album set the template that they would follow throughout the 1980s, prominently featuring the heavy vocals and aggressive rhythm guitar of James Hetfield. Kill 'Em All did not have huge sales after its inititial release, but it did establish Metallica a loyal fan following in the growing 'underground metal' scene. A year later Metallica released their second 'Megaforce' album, Ride the Lightning. The new album expanded their form with longer songs that featured lyrical and instrumental growth that rose above some of the playing on ''Kill 'Em All''. Perhaps the most significant feature of ''Ride the Lightning'' was the inclusion of "Fade to Black (song) Fade to Black", a slower, more introspective song that mused on the thoughts of someone contemplating suicide. Indeed "Fade to Black" is the first such song in a tradition that would come to include "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)" and "One". The inclusion of these slower, introspective songs distinguished Metallica from most other thrash metal bands such as Anthrax, Slayer, and Megadeth. Some fans saw Metallica's formation as a direct reaction to the prevalent rock and roll music of the early 1980s. Inspired by bands such as MotÃ¶rhead, Diamond Head (band) Diamond Head(declaring in the sleeve notes of 1998's ''Garage Inc.'' that "two heads were better than one"), Saxon (band) Saxon and other bands of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal. They also took inspiration from hardcore punk bands like the Misfits and Discharge. By putting all these elements together, Metallica was single-minded in their desire to break the grip of soft metal on Heavy metal music heavy metal fans.

Mainstream success
Image:Metallica, Damage Inc tour.jpg thumb|left|Metallica, Damage Inc tour After signing a major label deal with Elektra Records in 1984 in music 1984, Metallica released a new album entitled ''Master of Puppets'' on February 21, 1986 in music 1986. The album is regarded by many fans as their best work and is considered by some to be the greatest heavy metal album of all time.http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:nl08b5t4tsqe Despite the fact that no singles were ever released for the album, the band received some minor airplay from album tracks "Master Of Puppets (song) Master of Puppets" and "Welcome Home (Sanitarium)". The supporting ''Damage Inc.'' tour was very successful and the album charted at number 29 on the Billboard Magazine Billboard Top Album Charts. On September 27, 1986, during a European leg of shows, bassist Cliff Burton was killed near Ljungby Municipality Ljungby, Sweden when Metallica's tour bus skidded off an icy road and flipped over.[http://www.metallica.com/Band/history.asp?part=2] Burton was thrown out of the window, and the bus landed on top of him. It is uncertain if Burton was deceased at this point or not. A winch that was being used to lift the bus off of him snapped, resulting in the bus crushing him a second time. This incident had adverse effects on the members of the band, and they resorted to excessive consumption and abuse of alcohol.{{fact}} The band's future was left in doubt following Cliff's death. The three remaining members knew it would be Cliff's wish that they carry on. And with the blessing from Cliff's family the band decided to continue and seek a replacement. Auditions began almost immediately. Among the most promising of the auditioneers was a young Les Claypool, a childhood friend of Hammett's. The band liked Claypool but claimed his style was "too funk funky". Claypool would go on to form the highly successful funk metal group Primus (band) Primus. Three weeks after Burton's funeral, Jason Newsted, formerly of Flotsam and Jetsam officially joined Metallica on October 28, 1986. With Newsted, the band finished the ''Damage, Inc.'' tour in the early months of 1987 in music 1987. The transition from Burton to Newsted was anything but smooth: the band delighted in subjecting Newsted to months of hazing, simply to test the limits of the new member's patience, treatment that became legendary in Metallica's history. Tour expenses were often charged to Newsted's hotel rooms on the road, he was tricked into swallowing a significant amount of wasabi in a sushi restaurant, and was often denied limo transportation with the rest of the band. Newsted's resolve paid off later; the hazing soon died out and he was accepted.{{fact}} Following the tour, the band quickly recorded ''Garage Days Re-Revisited The $5.98 EP: Garage Days Re-Revisited'' in July of that same year as a way to test a new studio they had constructed (according to the EP's liner notes) and to test the talents of Newsted. This Extended play EP continued Metallica's fascination with covering songs by relatively obscure (to American audiences) British metal and hardcore bands. In 1988 in music 1988 the band recorded ''...And Justice for All (album) ...And Justice for All''. An album full of some of the band's most structurally complex music, it was the first 'true' studio album released following the death of Cliff Burton. Jason Newsted was listed as bass player on the album's credits but very little bass was audible during playback of the album. Some have speculated that this was done intentionally by the original members of the band as a reaction to the death of Cliff Burton (or perhaps as a way of further hazing Newsted). The most likely reason, as mentioned by James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich in subsequent interviews, was that Newsted wasn't present in the mixing sessions. As such he wasn't able to input his opinion on the final mixing process. ''...And Justice for All'' was a milestone in the history of metal. Noting its intense focus on topics related to personal control and independence, many writers celebrated the album (and, by extension, Metallica itself) for the way it appeared to divorce hard rock from Blues the blues in ways bands such as MÃ¶tley CrÃ¼e or Poison (band) Poison resisted. Although the song-writing was praised, the production of this album was heavily criticised as Lars Ulrich's drums clicked more than thudded and the guitars had a thin sound. James Hetfield excelled himself, however, with some of the tightest guitar rhthyms recorded in metal music. Kirk Hammett's solos were innovative and Lars' drumming incredibly complex.{{fact}} Because of the complexity and length of the songs, in fact, the band would later (in the mid-90's) cease to play most of them live. Metallica's first music video appeared, for the morbid but accessible World War I-themed "One (Metallica song) One". Featuring clips from the film ''Johnny Got His Gun'' film based on the Dalton Trumbo book, it was popular on MTV and gained the band considerable additional exposure. The album also contained their last instrumental to date, "To Live Is To Die". It was a sort of tribute to Cliff Burton and contained unused riffs written by him and a poem also written by him and read by Hetfield. Importantly, Metallica never lost interest in always providing fans with a sensational live act. They retained their original humility and sense of humor and occasionally gave the fans a 'Instrument-switch band-switch' treat. That is, the song "Am I Evil" would be played with James on drums, Kirk on bass, Jason on guitar, and Lars doing the singing. In 1991, the self-titled album, Metallica (album) ''Metallica'' (popularly known as ''The Black Album'') broadened the band's horizon again. The record was co-produced with Bob Rock, whose resume included work with Hard rock acts The Cult, Bon Jovi, MÃ¶tley CrÃ¼e and many others. The album featured a black cover that evoked humorous comparisons to Spinal Tap (band) Spinal Tap. The majority of the making of the ''Metallica'' album and the following tour was recorded, of which around four hours were used in the documentary ''A Year and a half in the life of Metallica''. The recording sessions were a long and ardurous process, lasting over a year due to infighting amongst the band's members and endless arguments with Rock about the direction, scope and sound it should have. The cost of recording the album was reputed to be over $1 million. However, despite the battle to finish the album, it quickly became the band's most successful release, debuting at number one on the Billboard charts and going gold, then platinum, within weeks. The album featured the hit "Enter Sandman", which exemplified the radically pared-down style of songwriting across the album; it became Metallica's best-known song and has been used by wrestlers and baseball players as their theme music. Another hit was "Nothing Else Matters", a more plaintive, acoustic ballad that outraged some of their more hardcore fans. The album was a massive crossover hit, bringing Metallica firmly into the mainstream, and it was with this album that the band first encountered significant accusations of having "sold out." This album had been preceded by a cover of Queen (band) Queen's "Stone Cold Crazy" which was contributed to a special album commemorating ''Elektra'''s 20th anniversary and which James Hetfield, together with Queen's remaining band members performed live at the The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert. Metallica also played a set at the concert. Charges of selling out would follow Metallica throughout the 1990s, to which the band often joked that they did indeed sell out â€” each and every date of the tour. Indeed the tour following the Black Album was especially successful and eventful. Many dates were held with no opening act, instead showing an introductory film that included interview footage filmed during ''A Year and a Half...'' not included in the film, and other footage of band members' antics backstage. The best-known incident during this tour was a pyrotechnics accident in 1992 in MontrÃ©al while Metallica was performing a series of joint shows with Guns N' Roses. Hetfield suffered severe second and third degree burns to his left arm during the opening of "Fade to Black", leaving him unable to play guitar for a portion of the tour (Subsequently, former Metallica roadie and Metal Church guitarist John Marshall filled in while Hetfield continued to sing). Guns N' Roses played three songs after the incident, but lead singer Axl Rose's throat was in severe pain after the short set; unable even to hear himself, Axl left the stage. The premature end to the show provoked widespread rioting.

The Load era
After almost three years of touring to support the Black Album, Metallica took a respite until late 1995. On December 13, they recorded during their rehearsal for Lemmy Kilmister Lemmy's 50th birthday party; the track "Hero of the Day" and four MotÃ¶rhead covers were later released as a two-part limited edition CD single. The band spent around a year writing and recording new songs, resulting in ''Load (album) Load'' (1996). Due to limitations of CD run-time and the band's reluctance to release a double-album of original material, ''ReLoad (album) ReLoad'' was released in 1997. Some songs written during ''Load'' were changed by the time they were recorded for ''ReLoad''; in particular, "Fuel (song) Fuel" had different lyrics than the version played during the ''Load'' Tour, as evidenced by the version played on the ''Cunning Stunts (Metallica) Cunning Stunts'' concert film (the song was then-titled "Fuel for Fire"). These albums represented a significant musical change for Metallica. The band's breakneck metal tempos and layered guitar compositions had largely been replaced by bluesy rock songs, full of bent notes, warm guitar timbre tones, slide guitar, as well as shuffle rhythms. Hetfield's vocals took a larger role than ever before, and several songs (such as "Mama Said" and "Low Man's Lyric"), broadened Hetfield and the rest of the band's willingness to experiment with various sounds and instruments. These changes included the use of the Steel guitar (most commonly use in country music) in "Mama Said", as well as the use of the Hurdy-Gurdy and Violin in Low Man's Lyric. Some fans felt that the intricacy and intelligence of Metallica's songwriting had not necessarily been watered down, but that it had been presented in a radically different - or perhaps a simply more varied - stylistic package. Hetfield noted later in the documentary film ''Some Kind of Monster (film) Some Kind of Monster'' that many songs on these two albums were initially thought by the band to be of only average quality, and polished and re-worked repeatedly until judged to be releasable. By 1996, all of the band members had cut their hair (although Hammett eventually regrew most of it), which was made the point of ridicule by many people, including band friends Alice in Chains, whose edition of MTV Unplugged MTV's Unplugged featured, on Mike Inez Mike Inez's bass, the words "friends don't let friends get Friends haircuts." Metallica were in the audience for the taping of the show. Their hair seemed to overshadow their music in press coverage. Many of the changes on ''Load'' and ''ReLoad'' had been anticipated by earlier experiments (especially on the Black Album), but listeners generally regard the two albums as the band's turning point. Sales were lower than sales of the previous three albums. Previously rabid fans began to sarcastically refer to the band as "Poptallica" or "Alternica" in light of the band's apparent conformity to more mainstream styles of pop or alternative rock music. Indeed, perhaps because of these musical changes, many songs from ''Load (album) Load'' and ''ReLoad (album) ReLoad'' received extensive radio play, including "Until It Sleeps", "Hero of the Day", "King Nothing", "The Memory Remains", "The Unforgiven II", and "Fuel (song) Fuel". Image:Band240.gif thumb|right|Metallica circa 1999 In 1998 Metallica returned briefly to its role as a cover band and compiled a double CD called ''Garage Inc.''. The first CD contained newly recorded tracks, ranging from obvious Metallica influences such as The Misfits, Thin Lizzy, Mercyful Fate and Black Sabbath to more unexpected choices like Nick Cave and Bob Seger (the band's cover of Seger's "Turn the Page" garnered extensive radio airplay). The second CD gathered together previously released covers, including the complete ''Garage Days Re-Revisited'' EP, which had, at that point, become a scarce collectors' item. The CD also collected B-sides B-side covers going as far back as 1984. On March 7, 1999, Metallica were inducted into San Francisco Walk of Fame. The mayor of San Francisco, Willie Brown, proclaimed the day "Official Metallica Day" in San Francisco. A month later, on April 21-April 22 22, 1999, Metallica recorded two performances with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, then conducted by Michael Kamen. Kamen, who had previously worked with Bob Rock on "Nothing Else Matters", approached the band with the idea of pairing Metallica's music with a symphony orchestra. Kamen and his staff composed additional orchestral material for a number of Metallica songs and the concerts featured a collection of songs dating as far back as ''Ride the Lightning''. Metallica also wrote two brand-new Kamen-scored songs for the event, "No Leaf Clover" and "âˆ’ Human." The audio recording and concert footage were released later that year as the album/concert film ''S&M (album) S&M'', in November, 1999, on compact disc CD, VHS, Video CD VCD, and DVD.

Napster controversy
In 2000 in music 2000, Metallica discovered that a demo of their song "I Disappear" was being distributed via the Napster P2P file-sharing network. Not only was the song unfinished, it was supposed to be released in combination with the Mission: Impossible II soundtrack. They soon discovered that in addition to the demo, their entire catalogue was also freely available. The band initiated legal action against Napster and, in the process, demanded that 300,000 Napster users found to be trading Metallica songs be banned from the network. Legal actions were also started against Yale University, University of Southern California, and Indiana University system Indiana University for not blocking Napster from their campuses. In 2001 in music 2001, Metallica and Napster agreed to an out-of-court settlement which led to many Napster user accounts being locked out. The band did not take legal action against any individuals for copyright infringement. Lars Ulrich provided a statement to a Senate Judiciary Committee regarding copyright infringement on July 11, 2000. See [http://www.encycmet.com/news/2000-07-12c..html Lars Ulrich's testimony to the Senate] The lawsuit created a public relations nightmare. Throughout the controversy, many websites hosted cartoon parodies of band members, portraying them as selfish rock stars who were out of touch with their fans. The most popular of these was a cartoon parody entitled Napster Bad!, by [http://www.campchaos.com Camp Chaos], which spawned an entire series. Some critics mocked Lars Ulrich by spelling his first name as "Lar$". Public ridicule was widespread as many longtime fans felt Metallica had got their start via underground trading of bootleg recordings of their performances. Metallica's defence was that Napster was allowing free access to their back catalogue and not live bootleg recordings which the band had always encouraged. The fan backlash would not be the only setback the band would experience that year.

Newsted leaves
As plans were being made to go into the recording studio in 2001, Jason Newsted left the band, ostensibly due to "the physical damage I have done to myself over the years while playing the music that I love." However, subsequent interviews with Newsted and the remaining members revealed that Newsted's desire to release and tour with his Echobrain side-project â€“ and Hetfield's intense resistance to such an idea â€“ was the primary cause of Newsted's departure, as Hetfield believed a release by an individual band member would somehow weaken the band. The 2004 documentary Some Kind of Monster (film) Some Kind of Monster provided more insight into the reasons for Newsted's departure. In the film he says he felt Metallica's desire to hire a psychologist to help solve the problems between the band members was "weak and lame". This would be the first in a series of low-points the band would endure. In July, 2001 James Hetfield entered rehab due to "alcoholism and other addictions". For nearly a year, Metallica ceased to function in any meaningful way. Ulrich and Hammett, for the first time, seriously considered the possibility that Metallica might be finished. Hetfield eventually returned to the band following his rehab hiatus. Slowly and cautiously Metallica continued as a 3-piece throughout the writing and recording of their next album. Longtime producer Bob Rock handled bass duties for the sessions. Metallica held auditions for Newsted's permanent replacement in early 2003. Robert Trujillo formerly of Suicidal Tendencies, and Ozzy Osbourne's band, was chosen as the new bassist. Robert's resume also included Infectious Grooves as well as a stint with Black Label Society on their ''Boozed, Broozed, and Broken Boned'' DVD. As Metallica moved on, Jason Newsted also found a new musical home joining Canada Canadian thrash metal legends Voivod (band) Voivod in 2002. In an interesting turn of events, Jason became Robert's replacement in Ozzy's band during the 2003 Ozzfest tour (which included Voivod as part of the touring bill).

A new beginning
On June 2003, Metallica released their eighth full-length studio album, ''St. Anger''. The album debuted at number one on the album charts, as an intentionally raw and unpolished album as a response to critics' complaints that they had lost their edge. Harsh criticism from fans followed, however, for the record's underproduced sound (notably Hetfield's "flexible" sense of pitch), Ulrich's new signature steel snare drum, overwrought songs, and no guitar solos whatsoever (a rarity for Metallica). Despite the criticism, Metallica won a Grammy Award Grammy in 2004 for ''St. Anger''; this being the band's seventh such award. The documentary ''Some Kind of Monster'' followed the album and offered an inside view into the daily affairs of Metallica as never before. While the film focused on the growing tensions within the band, it fulfilled its original purpose of helping to promote the album. The film also exposed to fans that Metallica had sought the guidance of a psychiatrist to deal with a vast amount of the band's inner turmoil. Metallica abruptly and unfeelingly ditched the psychiatrist near the end of the documentary. Having toured extensively for two years in support of ''St. Anger'' on the ''Madly In Anger With The World'' Tour (in which nearly every performance was professionally recorded and sold on [http://www.livemetallica.com LiveMetallica.com]) Metallica took a break from performing and spent most of 2005 amongst their friends and families. On February 16 2006, Metallica officially announced on their official website, that after an over 15 year relationship, Bob Rock will not be recording their next studio album. Rock had produced every Metallica album since 1991, beginning with Metallica (album) Metallica. His place will be taken by legendary producer Rick Rubin [http://www.metallica.com/index.asp?item=14828], who has collaborated with artists such as Red Hot Chili Peppers, Weezer, Audioslave, Slipknot (band) Slipknot, System Of A Down, Johnny Cash, LL Cool J, Jay-Z and Slayer. They are currently working on new material for the new album which should be released sometime in either late 2006 or early/mid 2007. * On September 20, 2005, Metallica went to the studio to record their voice parts for their appearance in an upcoming episode of The Simpsons. The episode will air in May 2006. * Metallica played two shows with the Rolling Stones in their hometown of San Francisco on November 13, 2005 and November 15, 2005. Metallica opened both nights and the concert was held at SBC Park. At these gigs the band played "Orion (Metallica) Orion" which was last played in full back in 1986 at Cliff Burton's funeral. * On January 11th, 2006, Metallica officially stated that they will be playing their very first shows in South Africa on March 18-25, 2006. This marks the first time they will play on the African continent. Metallica will be side by side with such international hit artists as Collective Soul, Seether, Simple Plan, Fat Boy Slim, and others. * The band themselves will make an appearance in the independent film ''The Darwin Awards (film) The Darwin Awards'', starring Joseph Fiennes, Winona Ryder, David Arquette, Julianna Margulies, Tim Blake Nelson, Juliette Lewis, the late Chris Penn, and others. Metallica also played at a private party for the premier of ''The Darwin Awards (film) The Darwin Awards'' at the Sundance Film Festival on January 25th, 2006. * On March 13th, 2006 Metallica inducted Black Sabbath into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as well as playing some of the legendary band's songs ("Iron Man" and "Hole in the Sky"). The ceremony was aired on VH1, March 21st, 2006. * According to [http://www.metontour.com MetOnTour.com] Metallica will be performing a number of shows this Spring/Summer as part of their "Escape from the Studio Tour '06", an event that hasn't taken place since August of 1995 during the sessions for ''load (album) Load''. * In June, Metallica will be headlining the Download Festival at Donington Park, England along with Guns N' Roses, Tool (band) Tool, Korn, Deftones, Lacuna Coil, Cradle of Filth, Arch Enemy (band) Arch Enemy, among others. More bands are to be announced soon.

Line-ups
{| class="wikitable" |- !rowspan=2|Year !colspan=4|Band !rowspan=2|Recordings |- !Rhythm Guitarist
Vocalist !Lead Guitarist !Bassist !Drummer |- !1981 |James Hetfield |Lloyd Grant |James Hetfield |Lars Ulrich |A version of "Hit the Lights" for ''Metal Massacre'' compilation |- !1982 |James Hetfield |Dave Mustaine |Ron McGovney |Lars Ulrich |No Life 'Till Leather ''No Life 'Till Leather'' demo |- !1982-1983 |James Hetfield |Dave Mustaine |Cliff Burton |Lars Ulrich |{{ref|mustainesolo}} |- !1983-1986 |James Hetfield |Kirk Hammett |Cliff Burton |Lars Ulrich |''Kill 'Em All'', ''Ride the Lightning'', ''Master of Puppets'' |- !1986-2001 |James Hetfield |Kirk Hammett |Jason Newsted |Lars Ulrich |''Garage Days Re-Revisited'', ''...And Justice for All (album) ...And Justice for All'', ''Metallica (album) Metallica'', ''Load (album) Load'', ''ReLoad (album) ReLoad'', ''Garage Inc.'', ''S&M (album) S&M'' |- !2001-2003 |James Hetfield |Kirk Hammett |Bob Rock{{ref|bobrock}} |Lars Ulrich |''St. Anger'' |- !2003-present |James Hetfield |Kirk Hammett |Robert Trujillo |Lars Ulrich |''St. Anger St. Anger live bonus disc'' |} '''Notes:''' * {{note|mustainesolo}} This line-up had no studio recordings, but wrote various tracks and contributions which subsequently appeared on ''Kill 'Em All'' and ''Ride the Lightning''. The writing of this lineup is scattered throughout Metallica's early works. Dave Mustaine wrote many of the lead guitar parts in several songs on ''Kill 'Em All'' and Ride the Lightning, which Hammett later expanded upon. * {{note|bobrock}} Bob Rock wasn't a permanent replacement for Newsted, only filling in on the bass tracks while being the producer of the album.

Temporary live members

=1982
= *"Damien Philips" (Jeff Warner) - Second guitarist for one gig in 1982 when James only sang due to breaking a bone while riding a skateboard.

=1986 and 1992
= * John Marshall (Kirk Hammett's guitar technician, who also played for Metal Church) - Second guitarist for gigs whilst James was recovering from injuries (1986, broken wrist from skateboarding accident; 1992 burns from pyrotechnics) when James only sang.

=2000
= James got injured under rehearsals at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. *Korn, Kid Rock and System of a Down helped out. Even a fan got to sing Master of Puppets on stage.

=2004
= Temporary drummers (when Lars Ulrich was unable to perform at 2004's Download Festival): * Dave Lombardo of Slayer * Joey Jordison of Slipknot (band) Slipknot * Flemming Larsen (Ulrich's drum technician)

Discography

Main albums
{| class="wikitable" !align="center" valign="top"|Year !align="center" valign="top"|Title !align="center" valign="top"|US Sales !align="center" valign="top"|Chart position !align="center" valign="top"|Other information |- |align="left" valign="top"|1983 |align="left" valign="top"|''Kill 'Em All'' |align="left" valign="top"|3 million |align="left" valign="top"|U.S #120 (1986) |align="left" valign="top"|Metallica's debut Thrash Metal pioneering album; Rights later sold to Elektra |- |align="left" valign="top"|1984 |align="left" valign="top"|''Ride the Lightning'' |align="left" valign="top"|5 million |align="left" valign="top"|U.S #100 |align="left" valign="top"|Another influential release. The album includes popular tracks such as ''Fade To Black'', ''For Whom The Bell Tolls'', and ''Creeping Death''; Rights later sold to Elektra |- |align="left" valign="top"|1986 |align="left" valign="top"|''Master of Puppets'' |align="left" valign="top"|6 million |align="left" valign="top"|U.S #29 |align="left" valign="top"|Metallica's first gold album. An album considered by some as one of the greatest heavy metal albums of all time. |- |align="left" valign="top"|1987 |align="left" valign="top"|''Garage Days Re-Revisited'' (EP) |align="left" valign="top"|1 million |align="left" valign="top"|U.S #28, U.K #27 |align="left" valign="top"|The Second ''Garage'' recording. The album consists of cover songs from artists who influenced Metallica in their early history. It is the first appearance bass player Jason Newsted. |- |align="left" valign="top"|1988 |align="left" valign="top"|''...And Justice for All (album) ...And Justice for All'' |align="left" valign="top"|8 million |align="left" valign="top"|U.S #6, U.K #4 |align="left" valign="top"|One of Metallica's more complex albums, both musically and lyrically. |- |align="left" valign="top"|1991 |align="left" valign="top"|''Metallica (album) Metallica'' |align="left" valign="top"|14.5 million |align="left" valign="top"|U.S #1, U.K #1 |align="left" valign="top"|Metallica's biggest seller and mainstream success; commonly referred to as ''The Black Album'' (due to its large black cover, camouflaged logo and coiled snake) |- |align="left" valign="top"|1993 |align="left" valign="top"|''Live Shit: Binge & Purge'' |align="left" valign="top"| |align="left" valign="top"|U.S. #26 |align="left" valign="top"|Live box-set album containing a 3 disc audio recording of a 1992 Mexico City show and a video of their 1992 San Diego show. The set included a video of a 1989 performance in Seattle. |- |align="left" valign="top"|1996 |align="left" valign="top"|''Load (album) Load'' |align="left" valign="top"|5 million |align="left" valign="top"|U.S #1, U.K #1 |align="left" valign="top"|A slightly different musical direction for Metallica incorporating more hard rock/blues influences |- |align="left" valign="top"|1997 |align="left" valign="top"|''ReLoad (album) ReLoad'' |align="left" valign="top"|3 million |align="left" valign="top"|U.S #1, U.K # 4 |align="left" valign="top"|Continuing of the musical experimentation began on "Load". Adding more instruments (e.g. the Hurdy gurdy) and blues influence while using guest musicians on some tracks |- |align="left" valign="top"|1998 |align="left" valign="top"|''Garage Inc.'' |align="left" valign="top"|5 million |align="left" valign="top"|U.S #2, U.K #29 |align="left" valign="top"|A collection of covers, including the previous ''Garage'' releases, ''Garage Days'' and ''Garage Days Re-revisited'', as well as newly recorded cover material. |- |align="left" valign="top"|1999 |align="left" valign="top"|''S&M (album) S&M'' |align="left" valign="top"|5 million |align="left" valign="top"|U.S #2, U.K #33 |align="left" valign="top"|A collaboration with the San Francisco Symphony orchestra conducted by Michael Kamen (Symphony & Metallica), consisting of two live shows at the Berkeley Community Theatre in Berkely, CA in April of '99 |- |align="left" valign="top"|2003 |align="left" valign="top"|''St. Anger'' |align="left" valign="top"|2 million |align="left" valign="top"|U.S #1, U.K #3 |align="left" valign="top"|Metallica returns to a heavier, raw, more aggressive sound. The album receives mixed reviews. |- |align="left" valign="top"|2004 |align="left" valign="top"|''Some Kind of Monster (EP) Some Kind of Monster'' (EP) |align="left" valign="top"| |align="left" valign="top"|U.S #37 |align="left" valign="top"|Released in association with the release of the documentary Some Kind of Monster (film) Some Kind Of Monster |} (All album sales are based on U.S. totals. Including worldwide totals, Metallica have sold approximately 100 million albums.) Outside of the USA and Canada, Metallica's recorded works are released by Vertigo/Universal.

Individual songs
*"I Disappear", for the ''Mission: Impossible 2'' soundtrack (MCA). *"We Did It Again" (ft. rapper Ja Rule), for the ''Biker Boyz'' soundtrack *"53rd and 3rd" & "Commando" (both Ramones covers) for "We're A Happy Family: A Tribute to the Ramones" - Metallica chose between these two songs, "53rd and 3rd" was chosen. *"For Whom The Bell Tolls (The Irony Of It All)" (with DJ Spooky) for the Spawn soundtrack *"Satan" Kirk Hammett (with Orbital) for the Spawn soundtrack *"Trinity" Kirk Hammett with Robert Randolph and Carlos Santana Santana for the Santana album "All That I Am" *"Don't You Think This Outlaw Bit's Done Gone Out Of Hand" James Hetfield for "I've Always Been Crazy: A Tribute to Waylon Jennings" *"Afraid of the Dark" - The Simpsons

DVDs and videos
*''Cliff 'em All'' Release Date: December 4 1987 *''2 of One'' Release Date: June 20 1989 *''A Year and a half in the life of Metallica'' Release Date: November 17 1992 *''Live Shit: Binge & Purge'' Release Date: November 23 1993 (VHS) - DVD was released in late 2003 *''Cunning Stunts (Metallica) Cunning Stunts'' Release Date: December 8 1998 *''S&M (album) S&M'' Release Date: November 23 1999 *''Classic Albums: Metallica - The Black Album'' Release Date: November 6 2001 *''Some Kind of Monster (film) Some Kind of Monster'' Release Date: January 25 2005 in the US/Canada; release dates differ in other countries

Chart singles
{| class="wikitable" !align="center" valign="top" width="40"|Year !align="left" valign="top"|Song !align="center" valign="top" width="40"|Billboard Hot 100 US !align="center" valign="top" width="40"|Mainstream Rock Tracks US Main- stream Rock !align="center" valign="top" width="40"|UK singles chart UK singles !align="left" valign="top"|Album |- |align="center" valign="top"|1983 |align="left" valign="top"|"Whiplash (song) Whiplash" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''Kill 'Em All |- |align="center" valign="top"|1984 |align="left" valign="top"|"Jump in the Fire" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''Kill 'Em All |- |align="center" valign="top"|1984 |align="left" valign="top"|"Fade to Black (song) Fade To Black" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''Ride the Lightning'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1984 |align="left" valign="top"|"Creeping Death" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''Ride the Lightning'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1985 |align="left" valign="top"|"For Whom The Bell Tolls (song) For Whom The Bell Tolls" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''Ride the Lightning'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1988 |align="left" valign="top"|"Harvester of Sorrow" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|20 |align="left" valign="top"|''...And Justice for All (album) ...And Justice for All'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1989 |align="left" valign="top"|"One (Metallica song) One" |align="center" valign="top"|35 |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|13 |align="left" valign="top"|''...And Justice for All (album) ...And Justice for All'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1991 |align="left" valign="top"|"Enter Sandman" |align="center" valign="top"|16 |align="center" valign="top"|10 |align="center" valign="top"|5 |align="left" valign="top"|''Metallica (album) Metallica'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1991 |align="left" valign="top"|"The Unforgiven (song) The Unforgiven" |align="center" valign="top"|35 |align="center" valign="top"|10 |align="center" valign="top"|15 |align="left" valign="top"|''Metallica (album) Metallica'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1992 |align="left" valign="top"|"Nothing Else Matters" |align="center" valign="top"|34 |align="center" valign="top"|11 |align="center" valign="top"|6 |align="left" valign="top"|''Metallica (album) Metallica'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1992 |align="left" valign="top"|"Wherever I May Roam" |align="center" valign="top"|82 |align="center" valign="top"|25 |align="center" valign="top"|25 |align="left" valign="top"|''Metallica (album) Metallica'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1992 |align="left" valign="top"|"Sad But True" |align="center" valign="top"|98 |align="center" valign="top"|15 |align="center" valign="top"|20 |align="left" valign="top"|''Metallica (album) Metallica'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1996 |align="left" valign="top"|"Until It Sleeps" |align="center" valign="top"|10 |align="center" valign="top"|1 |align="center" valign="top"|5 |align="left" valign="top"|''Load (album) Load'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1996 |align="left" valign="top"|"Ain't My Bitch" |align="center" valign="top"|-- |align="center" valign="top"|15 |align="center" valign="top"|17 |align="left" valign="top"|''Load (album) Load'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1996 |align="left" valign="top"|"Hero of the Day" |align="center" valign="top"|60 |align="center" valign="top"|1 |align="center" valign="top"|17 |align="left" valign="top"|''Load (album) Load'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1996 |align="left" valign="top"|"Mama Said (Metallica song) Mama Said" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|19 |align="left" valign="top"|''Load (album) Load'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1997 |align="left" valign="top"|"King Nothing" |align="center" valign="top"|90 |align="center" valign="top"|6 |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''Load (album) Load'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1997 |align="left" valign="top"|"Bleeding Me" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|6 |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''Load (album) Load'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1997 |align="left" valign="top"|"The Memory Remains" |align="center" valign="top"|28 |align="center" valign="top"|38 |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''ReLoad (album) ReLoad'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1998 |align="left" valign="top"|"The Unforgiven II" |align="center" valign="top"|59 |align="center" valign="top"|2 |align="center" valign="top"|15 |align="left" valign="top"|''ReLoad (album) ReLoad'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1998 |align="left" valign="top"|"Fuel (song) Fuel" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|6 |align="center" valign="top"|31 |align="left" valign="top"|''ReLoad (album) ReLoad'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1998 |align="left" valign="top"|"Better Than You" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|6 |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''ReLoad (album) ReLoad'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1998 |align="left" valign="top"|"Turn the Page" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|1 |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''Garage Inc.'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1999 |align="left" valign="top"|"Whiskey in the Jar" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|4 |align="center" valign="top"|29 |align="left" valign="top"|''Garage Inc.'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|1999 |align="left" valign="top"|"Die, Die My Darling" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|26 |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''Garage Inc.'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|2000 |align="left" valign="top"|"Nothing Else Matters '99" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''S&M (album) S&M |- |align="center" valign="top"|2000 |align="left" valign="top"|"No Leaf Clover" |align="center" valign="top"|74 |align="center" valign="top"|1 |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''S&M (album) S&M'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|2000 |align="left" valign="top"|"I Disappear" |align="center" valign="top"|75 |align="center" valign="top"|1 |align="center" valign="top"|35 |align="left" valign="top"|''Mission Impossible 2 Soundtrack'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|2003 |align="left" valign="top"|"St. Anger (song) St. Anger" |align="center" valign="top"|76 |align="center" valign="top"|2 |align="center" valign="top"|9 |align="left" valign="top"|''St. Anger'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|2003 |align="left" valign="top"|"Frantic (song) Frantic" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|21 |align="center" valign="top"|16 |align="left" valign="top"|''St. Anger'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|2004 |align="left" valign="top"|"The Unnamed Feeling" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|28 |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''St. Anger'' |- |align="center" valign="top"|2004 |align="left" valign="top"|"Some Kind of Monster (song) Some Kind of Monster" |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="center" valign="top"|19 |align="center" valign="top"|- |align="left" valign="top"|''St. Anger'' |- |} [http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.vnuArtistId=5199&model.vnuAlbumId=576592 Chart Singles Source link]

Audio
*Media:Metallica Seek&Destroy sample.ogg Download sample of "Seek & Destroy" from ''Kill 'Em All'' *Media:Metallica FadeToBlack sample.ogg Download sample of "Fade to Black (song) Fade to Black" from ''Ride the Lightning'' *Media:Metallica MasterOfPuppets sample.ogg Download sample of "Master Of Puppets (song) Master Of Puppets" from ''Master of Puppets'' *Media:Metallica One sample.ogg Download sample of "One (Metallica song) One" from ''...And Justice for All (album) ...And Justice for All'' *Media:EnterSandman.ogg Download sample of "Enter Sandman" from ''Metallica (album) Metallica'' *Media:Metallica NothingElseMatters sample.ogg Download sample of "Nothing Else Matters" from ''Metallica (album) Metallica''

Awards
Metallica has won seven Grammy Awards: *1989: Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance Best Metal Performance - "One (Metallica song) One" *1991: Best Metal Performance - "Stone Cold Crazy" *1992: Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance Best Metal Performance With Vocal - ''Metallica (album) Metallica'' *1999: Best Metal Performance - "Better than You" *2000: Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance Best Hard Rock Performance - "Whiskey in the Jar" *2001: Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance Best Rock Instrumental Performance - "The Call of Ktulu" *2004: Best Metal Performance - "St. Anger" Kerrang! Kerrang! awards: *2003: Hall of Fame *2004: Best Band On The Planet

Other info

Trivia
*Ennio Morricone is the composer of the song "The Ecstasy of Gold" which Metallica uses on its intro tape to open their live shows. The song is from the Sergio Leone movie, ''The Good, The Bad and The Ugly''. It is performed in its own right on ''S&M - Symphony & Metallica''. *Their song "St. Anger" was the official theme song of WWE's SummerSlam pay-per-view event in August 2003. *Bay Area Metallibangers are Metallica fans from the San Francisco Bay Area Bay Area, California. The term was originated by the band, and the Bay Area Metallibangers were thanked in the liner notes in the albums ''Kill 'Em All'', ''Ride The Lightning'', and ''Master of Puppets''. *The song distributed on the internet called "The Real St. Anger" is in fact a song called "The Wanderer" by Manditory *The cartoon character Butt-Head(from Beavis and Butt-Head) wears a shirt with the AC/DC logo across the front; Beavis wears a Metallica Shirt *Metallica will become eligible for the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2008. *The song "Sad but True" was the last song played on 94.7 The Zone (a Chicago based hard rock station) before the station switched to WZZN (an oldies station) in 2005. *Metallica was interested in contributing a track to the album "Heavily Armed: A Punk Rock Tribute To Goro", but Drive-Thru Records did not think that Metallica qualified as a "punk" band, and they were refused. *Some notable people who nearly joined Metallica during the course of their career: John Bush of Anthrax (band) Anthrax and Armored Saint was suggested by Hetfield as a possible lead singer in the band's early days but declined the offer. Les Claypool of Primus (band) Primus auditioned to replace Cliff Burton in 1986. Pepper Keenan (Corrosion of Conformity), Scott Reeder (Kyuss), Jeordie White (ex Marilyn Manson (band) Marilyn Manson) and Eric Avery (ex Janes Addiction) all auditioned to replace Jason Newsted in 2003 *Many radio stations have "Manditory Metallica" at certain times of the day. These stations only play Metallica songs during this time. *Metallica is listed at #5 on VH1's "100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock".[http://www.vh1.com/shows/dyn/the_greatest/62188/episode_wildcard..html?wildcard=/shows/dynamic/includes/wildcards/the_greatest/hardrock_list_full.jhtml&event_id=862769&start=81] *Hot Wheels Turbo Racing, a game for the PlayStation, uses "Fuel" for the opening track. *Talk Radio show host Michael Savage uses Metallica songs for intro and bumper music.

Name usage
*Victoria's Secret was sued in 1999 for selling a lip liner bearing the name Metallica. *Guerlain was sued in 2000, in a similar case, for selling a perfume line named 'Metallica.' [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1068511.stm] *Metallica Resources is a Canadian-based mining company.

See also
*Damaged Justice *List of Rock Instrumentals *Napster

External links
{{wikiquote}}
- Metallica.com - The Official Metallica Website
- Onlymetallica.com - Metallica Fan site with lyrics, pictures, videos, latest news, biographies, forums and more.
- Metallica Fansite
- MetClub.com - The Official Fan Club's Website
- LiveMetallica.com - Official Website for sale of Live Recordings of Metallica's performances on the ''Madly In Anger With the World Tour''
- Metallibash Official Website - Official Fan Convention
- Encyclopedia Metallica
- More Than You Ever Wanted To Know - Detailed history of the band with lots of pictures
- Metallipromo - Definitive discography
- Metallica On AOL Music
- Listen To All Metallica On AOL Radio
- Metallica at Encyclopaedia Metallum

References

- Metallica Lyrics
- Napster Users, Metallica Has Your Name - May 2000 MP3 Newswire article on Metallica's Napster controversy.
- Editorial: Facing the Music
- Metallica Timeline
- Metallica Lyrics Searchable index of all their songs.
- Metallica Tabs Metallica guitar tabs and other useful resources. * {{musicbrainz artist|id=65f4f0c5-ef9e-490c-aee3-909e7ae6b2ab|name=Metallica}}
- AceShowbiz: Metallica
- All Metallica song lyrics @ [http://www.lyrics4fun.com/ Lyrics4Fun] {{Metallica}} Category:Metallica * Category:Thrash metal musical groups Category:American heavy metal musical groups Category:1980s music groups Category:1990s music groups Category:2000s music groups Category:Active musical groups Category:Celebrities appearing in South Park {{Link FA|he}} als:Metallica ar:Ù…ÙŠØªØ§Ù„ÙŠÙƒØ§ bg:Metallica ca:Metallica cs:Metallica da:Metallica de:Metallica et:Metallica es:Metallica eo:Metallica fr:Metallica ko:ë©”íƒˆë¦¬ì¹´ hr:Metallica id:Metallica is:Metallica it:Metallica he:×ž×˜×?×œ×™×§×” lt:Metallica lb:Metallica hu:Metallica nl:Metallica ja:ãƒ¡ã‚¿ãƒªã‚« no:Metallica pl:Metallica pt:Metallica ru:Metallica sk:Metallica sr:ÐœÐµÑ‚Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ° fi:Metallica sv:Metallica tr:Metallica uk:Metallica (Ð³ÑƒÑ€Ñ‚) zh:é‡‘å±žä¹?é˜Ÿ Articles related to the American heavy metal music heavy metal band Metallica. Category:American heavy metal musical groups Category:Active musical groups bg:ÐšÐ°Ñ‚ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ?:Metallica cs:Kategorie:Metallica es:CategorÃa:Metallica no:Kategori:Metallica sv:kategori:Metallica {| style="margin:0 auto; padding: 0 auto; width: 75%;" align=center id=toc |align=center bgcolor=#6699CC colspan=3|'''Metallica''' |- !align=center bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|:Category:Metallica members Members |- |align=center colspan=3|James Hetfield - Kirk Hammett - Robert Trujillo - Lars Ulrich |- |align=center colspan=3|Cliff Burton - Dave Mustaine - Ron McGovney - Jason Newsted |- !align=center bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|:Category:Metallica albums Albums |- |align=center colspan=3|Kill 'Em All - Ride the Lightning - Master of Puppets - ...And Justice for All (album) ...And Justice for All - Metallica (album) Metallica - Load (album) Load - ReLoad (album) ReLoad - Garage Inc. - S&M (album) S&M - St. Anger |- !align=center bgcolor=lightgrey colspan=3|Other releases (Live albums, EP's) |- |align=center colspan=3|Garage Days Re-Revisited - Live Shit: Binge & Purge |}

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