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Mikhail Kalinin

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Image:kalinin.jpg thumb|right|200px|Mikhail Kalinin Image:Stalin Lenin Kalinin.jpg thumb|right|300px|A [[1919 image showing Joseph Stalin, Vladimir Lenin, and Mikhail Kalinin (right)]] '''Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin''' ({{lang-ru|МихаиÌ?л ИвÌ?анович КалиÌ?нин}}) ({{OldStyleDate|November 19|1875|November 7}}–June 3, 1946) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet Union Soviet politician. Born to a peasant family in Verkhnyaya Troitsa village (ВерхнÑ?Ñ? Троица), Tverskaya Gubernia, Russia, he moved to Saint Petersburg St. Petersburg in 1889 and became a metal worker. In 1898 he joined the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (РС-ДРП). From March 1919 to 1938 he was President of the Soviet Union Chairman of the All-Union Executive Committee i.e., titular head of state, informally known as "the all-Union Chieftain" (вÑ?еÑ?оюзный Ñ?тароÑ?та). The title was then changed to President of the Soviet Union President of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, which he assumed. He would remain head of state until 1946. Kalinin was a candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee Politburo from 1919 until 1925 when he became a full member. He remained on the body until 1946. During the Great Purge, many wrote letters to Kalinin with petitions to reconsider the fates of the convicts, and indeed, Kalinin's intervention often helped, thus giving him the reputation of "kind grandfather Kalinin" (recall that Stalin was "dear father" to all Soviet people then). However, at the same time, Kalinin routinely signed execution lists together with other members of the Politburo, such as the authorization of the Katyn massacre. He retired in 1946 and died shortly afterward in Moscow. Kalinin was buried in the Kremlin Wall Kremlin Wall necropolis.

Trivia
* The city of Tver bore the name Kalinin from 1931 to 1990 in his honor * The former German city of Königsberg (East Prussia), conquered in 1945 by the Red Army and incorporated into the Soviet Union, was renamed Kaliningrad in his honor. {{soviet-stub}} {{Russia-politician-stub}} Category:1875 births Kalinin, Mikhail Category:1946 deaths Kalinin, Mikhail Category:Heads of State of the Soviet Union Kalinin, Mikhail Category:Joseph Stalin Kalinin, Mikhail Category:Old Bolsheviks Kalinin, Mikhail Category:World War II political leaders Kalinin, Mikhail de:Michail Iwanowitsch Kalinin fi:Mihail Kalinin fr:Mikhaïl Kalinine ja:ミãƒ?イル・カリーニン nl:Michail Kalinin no:Mikhail Kalinin pl:MichaiÅ‚ Kalinin sl:Mihail IvanoviÄ? Kalinin ro:Mihail Kalinin ru:Калинин, Михаил Иванович sv:Michail Kalinin zh:米哈伊尔·伊万诺维奇·加里å®?

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