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Moldavian SSR
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'''Република СоветикÑ?
СочиалиÑ?Ñ‚Ñ? МолдовенÑ?Ñ?кÑ?'''
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| width=148 |
Image:Flag of Moldavian SSR.svg 140px
| width=148 |
Image:COA Moldavian SSR.png 140px
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| width=148 | (
Flag of Moldavian SSR In Detail)
| width=148 | (In Detail)
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|-
| align=center colspan=2 | ''
USSR State motto State motto:
Пролетарь дин тоате цÑ?риле, униць-вÑ?!''
|-
| align=center colspan=2 |
Image:SovietUnionMoldova.png
|- valign=top
| Official
language
| None.
(Informally:
History of the Moldovan language Moldavian and
Russian language Russian as the language of international communication.)
|-
|
Capital
|
Chisinau Chişinău
|-
|
Chairman of the Supreme Council
|
Mircea Ion Snegur (at independence)
|-
| '''Established'''
'''In the
USSR:'''
- Since
- Until
|
October 12 1924 October 12 1924 August 27 1991
|-
|
Area – Total
– % water
|
List of Soviet Republics Ranked 14th in former Soviet Union
33,843
square kilometer km² —
|- valign=top
|
Population – Total
–
Density
|
List of Soviet Republics Ranked 9th in former Soviet Union
4,337,600 (1989)
128.2/km²
|-
|
Currency
|
Soviet ruble Ruble (''рублÑ?'')
|-
|
Time zone
|
Coordinated Universal Time UTC +3
|-
| Anthem
|
Anthem of Moldavian SSR
|}
The '''Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic''' (
Moldovan language Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet Cyrillic: Република СоветикÑ? СочиалиÑ?Ñ‚Ñ? МолдовенÑ?Ñ?кÑ?,
Romanian language Romanian: Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească,
Russian language Russian: МолдаÌ?вÑ?каÑ? СовеÌ?Ñ‚Ñ?каÑ? СоциалиÑ?тиÌ?чеÑ?каÑ? РеÑ?пуÌ?блика) was a constituent republic of the
Soviet Union from 1940 to 1941 and from 1945 to 1990.
History
Previously, on
October 12 1924 the Soviet Union set up an autonomous
Moldavian ASSR as a part of the
Ukrainian SSR between
Dniester and
Bug (river) Bug rivers, and it gave many rights to the Romanian minority there, possibly to encourage a dissent of the Romanian Moldavians.
The
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact between Soviet Union and Hitler's Reich brought the teritories of
Romania situated east of
Prut into the Soviet Union in the summer of 1940, and a new Moldavian SSR was reorganised between Dniestern and Prut rivers, the old Moldavian ASSR being dismantled, save the area of
Transnistria which was assigned to the new Moldavian SSR. The date of the transformation of Moldavian ASSR into Moldavian SSR and its split from the
Ukrainian SSR to become a separate republic of the
USSR was
August 2 1940.
Romania joined Hitler's Reich in the summer of 1941 and took part in the Nazi occupation of the Soviet Union. By the end of
World War II the Soviet Union recovered Eastern Moldavia and reorganised it again as Moldavian SSR.
The republic's name was changed to the '''Republic of
Moldova''' on
May 23 1991, and it declared independence after the attempted
Collapse of the Soviet Union coup in the Soviet Union, exiting from the
USSR on
August 27 1991. After an initial desire to unify with Romania, a civil war began in Transnistria in 1992 and since, the Moldovan government has no control of this region.
Culture and ideology
Much of the pre-WWII elite of Moldova (the "
intellectuals" and the "
bourgeoisie"), as well as hundreds of thousands of ordinary people were killed or deported, especially to
Siberia and to the Asian steppes such as those of
Kazakhstan (in 1940 and then massively in 1949). (Even nowadays, there are tens of thousands of Romanians living there). A large influx of Ukrainians and Russians after the second world war created a 13% Russian-speaking minority in Moldova.
Moldovans were encouraged to adopt the
Russian language, which was required in order to get a public function (Russian was supposed to be the language of international communication). Political and academic positions were given to members of non-Romanian ethnic groups (only 14% of the Moldavian SSR's political leaders were ethnic Moldovans in 1946), although this changed as time went on.
The USSR government encouraged the developing of a "
Culture of Republic of Moldova Moldavian culture", said to be distinct from the Romanian one, as well as a
Moldavian language, which was claimed to be different from
Romanian language Romanian (although even some Soviet linguists disagreed with this). Literary critics stressed the Russian influence of Moldovan literature and ignore the parts shared with Romanian literature. In order to emphasize the alleged differences and to break ties with Romania, Moldovan language was written with the
Cyrillic alphabet. Names of some towns and villages were changed to more Slavic-sounding or named them after various Communist leaders.
Soviet propaganda included the doctrine that the Romanians oppressed the Moldavian people before World War II and that they were liberated by the Soviets. This doctrine was basically close to truth, since
Bessarabia was the least developed, rural part of Romania, with literacy rate of 40%.
Demographics
Ethnicities (1989 est.):
*
Moldovans 62,7%
*
Ukrainians 13.8%
*
Russians 13%
*
Bulgarians 2%
*
Romanians 1.8%
*
Jews 1.5%
*
Gagauz and other 5.2%
Economy
Although it was the most densely populated republic of the USSR, the Moldavian SSR was meant to be specialized in agriculture, notably fruit production. The only region of Moldova in which industry was built was Transnistria, which in 1990 accounted for 40% of Moldavian GDP and 90% of its electricity production.
{{Soviet Republics}}
Category:History of Moldova
Category:Soviet Republics
ca:RSS de Moldà via
de:Moldauische SSR
es:RSS de Moldavia
et:Moldaavia NSV
fa:اتØاد جماهیر شوروی سوسیالیستی
fr:République socialiste soviétique de Moldavie
pl:Mołdawska Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka
ro:RSS Moldovenească
ru:МолдавÑ?каÑ? СоветÑ?каÑ? СоциалиÑ?тичеÑ?каÑ? РеÑ?публика
zh:摩尔达维亚�维埃社会主义共和国
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