Dictionary of Meaning

<<Back
Please select a letter:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0-9

Myanmar

*** Shopping-Tip: Myanmar
{{Infobox_Country| native_name = Image:Myanmar long form.png
''Pyi-daung-zu Myan-ma Naing-ngan-daw'' | conventional_long_name = Union of Myanmar | common_name = Myanmar | image_flag = Flag of Myanmar.svg | image_coat = Myanmar_COA.gif | image_map = LocationMyanmar.png | national_motto = | national_anthem = ''Kaba Ma Kyei'' | official_languages = Burmese language Burmese | capital = Naypyidaw | latd = 16|latm=46|latNS=N|longd=96|longm=09|longEW=E| largest_city = Yangon (Rangoon) | government_type = Military junta | leader_titles = Chairman, SPDC
Prime Minister | leader_names = Sr. Gen. Than Shwe
Lt.-Gen. Soe Win | area_rank = 39th | area_magnitude = 1 E11| area = 678,500 | areamiÂ²=261,970 | percent_water = 3.06% | population_estimate = 42,909,464¹ | population_estimate_year = July 2005 | population_estimate_rank = 28th | population_census = n/a | population_census_year = n/a | population_density = 63 | population_densitymiÂ² =163 | population_density_rank = 105th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $76.2 billion | GDP_PPP_rank = 66th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,800| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 187th | HDI_year = 2003 | HDI = 0.578 | HDI_rank = 129th | HDI_category = medium | sovereignty_type = Independence | established_events = - Date | established_dates = From the United Kingdom
January 4, 1948 | currency = kyat (K) | one US $ = 1120 K (as of 10-03-06) | currency_code = MMK | time_zone = MMT | utc_offset = +6:30 | time_zone_DST = not observed | utc_offset_DST = +6:30 | cctld = .mm (formerly .bu) | calling_code = 95 | footnotes =1.) Note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected. | }} The '''Union of Myanmar''' (also known as the '''Union of Burma''' by bodies and states who do not recognize the ruling military junta) is the largest country (in geographical area) in mainland Southeast Asia. It is bordered by the People's Republic of China on the north, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, and India on the northwest, with the Andaman Sea to the south, and the Bay of Bengal to the southwest. There are over 2,000 kilometres (1,243 mile mi) of coastal coastline. The country was Military dictatorship ruled by a military junta led by General Ne Win from 1962 to 1988, and its Politics of Myanmar political system today remains under the tight control of its Military of Myanmar military State Peace and Development Council government, since 1992, led by Senior General Than Shwe.

Origin and history of the name
{{main|Explanation of the names of Burma/Myanmar}} The name "Myanmar" comes from the two words "myan", which translates "swift", and "ma", which translates "strong". It also refers to a resident or citizen of Myanmar, or more specifically, a person from the majority Bamar ethnic group. In 1989, the military junta Geographical renaming officially changed the English language English version of its name from Burma to Myanmar (along with Geographical renaming changes in the English versions of many place names in the country, such as its former capital city, from Rangoon to Yangon). The official name of the country in the Burmese language, ''Myanmar'', did not change, however. The renaming proved to be politically controversial, seen by some as being less inclusive of minorities, and linguistics linguistically unscholarly. Some deny that the military junta had authority to "officially" change the name in English in the first place. Acceptance of the name change in the English speaking world has been slow, with many people still using the name Burma to refer to the country. Major news organisations like the BBC and western governments, including those of the United States and the United Kingdom, still officially refer to it as Burma.

History
{{main|History of Myanmar}} In a series of wars (1824–1826, 1851–1852 and 1885–1886) Burma lost territory to the British Empire British and became a province of India under British rule. On April 1, 1937, Burma became a separately-administered colony independent of the Indian administration. During World War II Burma became a major front in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II Southeast Asian Theatre. After initial successes by the Japanese in the Burma Campaign which saw them expel the British from most of Burma, the British fought back and by July 1945 had retaken the country. Burmese fought for both sides in the war. The Burma 1st Division, the Kachin Levies, the Karen Rifles and in other formations such as the OSS Detachment 101 American-Kachin Rangers fought for the Allies, and the Burmese National Army under the command of Aung San fought for the Japanese. Image:Shwedagon pagoda.jpg thumb|left|250px|A British 1825 lithography of Shwedagon Pagoda On January 4, 1948 at 04:20 Ante Meridiem am, the nation became an independent republic, known as the Union of Burma, with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first President and U Nu as its first Prime Minister. There was a bicameral parliament consisting of a Chamber of Deputies and a Chamber of Nationalities. Democracy Democratic rule ended in 1962 with a military coup d'Ã©tat led by General Ne Win. Ne Win ruled for nearly 26 years, bringing in harsh reforms. In 1990 free elections were held for the first time in almost 30 years, but the landslide victory of the National League for Democracy NLD, the party of Aung San Suu Kyi was voided by the military, which refused to step down. One of the top figures in Burmese history in the 20th century is Army founder and freedom figure General Aung San, a student-turned activist whose daughter is 1991 Nobel Peace Laureate and worldwide peace, freedom and democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi of the National League for Democracy NLD, now under house arrest. The third most recognised Burmese figure in the world is U Thant, who was UN Secretary General for two terms and highly respected throughout United Nations' history. On 27 March 2006 the military junta moved the national capital from Yangon to Pyinmana, which has been renamed "Naypyidaw" meaning "seat of kings".^{#Footnotes 4}

Politics
{{main|Politics of Myanmar}} Image: Myanmar1.gif right|thumb|179px|Map of Myanmar Myanmar has been under military rule since 1962. The current Head of State is Than Shwe Senior General Than Shwe who holds the title of "Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council." His appointed prime minister was Khin Nyunt until 19 October 2004, when he was replaced by Soe Win Gen. Soe Win. Almost all cabinet offices are held by military officers. US sanctions against the military government have been largely ineffective, due to loopholes in the sanctions and the willingness of mainly Asian business to continue investing in Myanmar and to initiate new investments, particularly in natural resource extraction. For example, the French oil company Total S.A. is able to buy Myanmar's oil despite the country being under sanctions, although Total (formerly TotalFinaElf) is the subject of a lawsuit in French and Belgian courts for alleged connections to human rights abuses along the gas pipeline jointly owned by Total, the American company Unocal, and the Myanmar military.^{#Footnotes 1} The United States clothing and shoe industry could also be affected if all the sanctions loopholes were to be closed, although they were already subject to boycotts prior to US sanctions imposed in June of 2002. At the same time, the US-led sanctions are criticized by many for their adverse effects mainly on the civilian population rather than on the military rulers.^{#Footnotes 2} Image:Propagandamandalay.jpg thumb|left|250px|A government slogan at Mandalay Palace stating ''"Tatmadaw and the people, cooperate and crush all those harming the union."'' The regime is accused of having a questionable human rights record and Human rights in Myanmar the human rights situation in the country is a subject of concern for a wide number of international organizations. There is no independent judiciary in Myanmar and political opposition to the military government is not tolerated. Internet access is highly restricted. The state uses software-based filtering from US company Fortinet to limit the materials citizens can access on-line, including free email services, free web hosting and most political opposition and pro-democracy pages. [http://www.opennetinitiative.net/studies/burma/] In 1988, protests against economic mismanagement and political oppression were violently repressed; on August 8 of that year, the military opened fire on demonstrators in what has come to be known as the 8888 uprising (a partial list of victims is [http://www.irrawaddy.org/res/88final1.html here]). Nonetheless, the 1988 protests paved way for the 1990 elections; these were however invalidated by the military. Aung San Suu Kyi, whose opposition party won 83% of parliamentary seats in a 1990 national election, but who was prevented from becoming prime minister by the military, has earned international praise as an activist for the return of democratic rule to Myanmar. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. She has been repeatedly placed under house arrest, although in recent years the regime has been willing to enter into negotiations with her and her party, the National League for Democracy. She was placed under house arrest on May 31, 2003, following an attack on her convoy in northern Myanmar. Her house arrest was extended for yet another year in late November of 2005. [http://www.dassk.org/index.php] The junta faces increasing international isolation. Burma's situation was referred to the UN Security Council for the first time in December for an informal consultation. ASEAN has also stated its frustration with Burma's government. However, with India {{fact}} and China supporting the junta, any drastic change in the country's political situation seems unlikely.

Subdivisions
{{main|Subdivisions of Myanmar}} Image:Subdivisionsmyanmar.png thumb|175px|Myanmar is divided into 7 states and 7 divisions. Myanmar is divided into states and divisions. Divisions are predominantly Bamar. States, in essence, are divisions in which particular ethnic minorities exist. There are 7 divisions and 7 states in the country. The administrative divisions are further subdivided into townships, wards, and villages. Major cities such as Yangon and Mandalay have larger metropolitan areas. Therefore, townships in the suburbs of such cities are designated as ''myo-thit'' (New Town). Upon reaching the government's installed development markers, the New Towns become townships. Within the states, there are ethnic-based movements for self-autonomy and independence. '''Divisions''' * Ayeyarwady Division (Irrawaddy Division) * Bago Division (Pegu Division) * Magway Division * Mandalay Division * Sagaing Division * Tanintharyi Division (Tenasserim Division) * Yangon Division (Rangoon Division) '''States''' * Chin State * Kachin State * Kayin State (Karen State) * Kayah State (Karenni State) * Mon State * Rakhine State (Arakan State) * Shan State

Geography
{{main|Geography of Myanmar}} Myanmar is located between Bangladesh and Thailand, with People's Republic of China China to the north and India to the north-west, with coastline on the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea. The country has a total area of 678,500 square kilometres (261,970 square mile miÂ²), of which almost half is forest or woodland. In the north, the Hengduan Shan mountains form the border with China. The fertile plains of the Ayeyarwady River Ayeyarwady and Salween River Thanlwin Rivers are in the central lowlands of Myanmar. Most of the country's population lives in this central lowland. The Shan Plateau lies east of Mandalay. In the south, the Ayeyarwady River fans out into a wide and fertile delta. Many crops are grown in this region, which borders the Andaman Sea. The Gulf of Martaban also indents the southern coast of Myanmar. It drains into the Andaman Sea.

Economy
{{main|Economy of Myanmar}} Image:Sakuratoweryangon.jpg thumb|250px|The Sakura Tower in Yangon is virtually vacant due to lack of major foreign investment. During British colonisation, Myanmar was the wealthiest country in Southeast Asia and was believed to be on the fast track to development. Today, it is one of the poorest nations in the world, suffering from the 1962 military takeover and Burmese Way to Socialism, a plan to consolidate and nationalise all industries. During this period, there was economic mismanagement and stagnation. In 1989, the government of Myanmar began decentralising economic control and has since liberalised some portions of the economy. However, the lucrative industries of gems, oil and forestry remain under the control of the military government. The United Nations lists Myanmar as a LDC^{#Footnotes 3} (least developed country). Tourism is being encouraged by the government; however, fewer than 750,000 tourists enter the country yearly. Private enterprises are often co-owned or indirectly by the Tatmadaw. In recent years, both PRC China and India have attempted to strengthen ties with the government because of Myanmarâ€™s oil reserves. Some nations, such as the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, have placed trade sanctions on Myanmar. Foreign investment comes primarily from PRC China, Singapore and Thailand. Myanmar lacks adequate infrastructure, and has suffered as a result. Goods travel primarily through the Burmese-Thailand Thai borders, from which most illegal drugs are exported, and through the Ayeyarwady River. Railroads are rudimentary, with few repairs since their construction in the 19th century. Highways are normally unpaved, except in the major cities. Energy shortages are common throughout the country. Myanmar is the second-largest producer of heroin in the world. Other industries include agricultural goods, textiles, wood products, construction materials, and metals. The lack of an educated workforce also contributes to the growing problems of the Burmese economy.

Demographics
{{main|Demographics of Myanmar}} Image:Downtownflatsyangon.jpg thumb|250px|Much of Yangon's population reside in densely-populated flats. All population figures are at best educated guesses. The last accurate census was taken by the British in the 1930s. The largely unorganised results of the last pre-World War II censuses were destroyed during the Japanese invasion. The CIA World Factbook gives an unsupported estimate of about 42.9 million and one branch of the UN reports there are about 50 million ([http://www.unescap.org/esid/psis/population/popin/profiles/myn.asp] mid-2005). Other reports speak of 40 to 55 million inhabitants. A million or more Burmese might be living and working in neighbouring countries (especially Thailand). With figures varying for the whole country by several million, it is evident that figures for various minority groups are not very reliable. Reports and observations in the northern half of the country suggest that several hundred thousand Chinese have migrated into Myanmar in recent years. Other reports suggest that some of these Ã©migrÃ©s have returned to China in recent years.

Ethnicity
Myanmar is ethnically diverse. Although the government recognises over 100 distinct ethnic groups, the actual number is much lower. The dominant ethnic group are the Bamar who form what is guessed to be 68% of the population and speak Burmese language Burmese. 10% of the population are Shan, who speak Shan language Shan dialects, related to Lao language Laotian and Thai language Thai. The Kayin (Karen) make up 7% of the population, and speak a variety of Tibeto-Burman languages. The Rakhine (Arakanese), who constitute 4% of the population, are ethnically related to the Bamar, but are culturally different. Burmese Chinese Overseas Chinese (mainly Hokkien and Cantonese speakers) form approximately 3% of the population, but are primarily unrecognised by the government (in terms of citizenship). Mon, who form 2% of the population, are ethno-linguistically related to the Khmer. Burmese Indians Overseas Indians (mainly Tamil language Tamil, Hindi, and Bengali speakers) comprise 2% as well, and like the Chinese, do not have citizenship rights. The remainder are Karen people Kachin, Chin people Chin, and other ethnic minorities. The Anglo-Burmese, once forming at least 8%{{fact}} of the population and forming at least a quarter of the population of Rangoon have decreased in number. There are no trustworthy census numbers for the country since the 1930s. All of the estimates with regard to percentages of population are only guesswork with no scientific basis. Image:Kareni young girl.jpg Padaung.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|A young [[Padaung (Karenni) girl in Myanmar, 2004..html" title="Meaning of A young [[Padaung">thumb|A young [[Padaung (Karenni) girl in Myanmar, 2004.">A young [[Padaung">thumb|A young [[Padaung (Karenni) girl in Myanmar, 2004. The existing government continues to honour both colonial laws and laws passed after independence regarding citizenship, granting it only to those who have lineage in Myanmarâ€™s former entities prior to colonisation. Overseas groups, particularly the Indians and Chinese, to obtain such citizenship, have intermixed with the local populace, making the percentages more obscure. A person of two ethnic backgrounds is known as ''kabya''. "Citizenship" is generally of dubious value because of open discrimination. Large portions of the population have for years functioned without official citizenship. After the â€œBurmese Way to Socialismâ€? was enacted in the 1960s, millions of people left the country. Anti-Chinese riots took place during the 1960s and 1970s causing a large but temporary exodus of ethnic Chinese. However, many Chinese have entered the country in recent years. Wars with various ethic groups in the border areas forced many more people out of the country. In addition, many Indians (Muslim and non-Muslim) returned to Pakistan and India because of similar discriminatory policies. The government is widely known for its persecution of minority groups throughout the country, particularly because of civil unrest and calls for secession and self-autonomy. Throughout the mid-1990s, the government negotiated treaties to end warfare. However, the government continues to detain and relocate minority groups further from Bamar-dominant areas. In addition, massive refugee camps exist along the borders of both Thailand and Bangladesh.

Language
Burmese language Burmese is the official language of Myanmar. Because of years of British colonisation, English language English is still spoken in Bamar-dominant areas because English instruction begins during primary school, and because most textbook materials from secondary school upward are exclusively written in English. Ethnic minorities, with the exception of overseas groups, tend to speak Burmese as a second language. The Burmese alphabet developed from the Mon script, which was adapted from a southern Indian script during the 8th century. The earliest known inscriptions in the Burmese script date from the 11th century. The script is also used to write Pali, the sacred language of Theravada Buddhism.

Religion
Buddhism, particularly Theravada Buddhism is practised by 89% of the population, especially the Bamar (and its subgroups, including the Rakhine), Shan, Mon, and Chinese. Christianity is practised by 4% of the population, especially the Chin, Kayin, Anglo-Burmese and Anglo-Indians. Protestantism is most practised among Christians. 4% of the population practise Islam; these Muslims are divided amongst long-established persons of Indian, Indo-Burmese descent, Persian, Arab and Chinese descent, and Rohingya Muslims of Rakhine State. The Muslim population is socially marginalised, and is widely-segregated. Small segments of the population practise Hinduism or animism. Due to a lack of accurate census data these percentages are guesswork. There are no trustworthy figures for the percentages of the population that follow particular religions. Buddhism has been patronised since independence by both civilian and military governments. Large amounts of state money under both military governments and the government of U Nu in the 1950s have been provided for the creation of Buddhist monuments and the general support of Buddhism. The government continually persecutes Christians and Muslims. Religious tolerance does exist, in theory, but because of stigmas attached to certain religions, particularly Christianity and Islam, such tolerance is often undermined.

Education
{{wikify-date|March 2006}} Education in Myanmar has suffered under the military regime mainly as a result of the government's disproportionate expenditure on the military. According to UN statistics, the government spends 222% more on the military than on education and health combined. Children of military families and wealthy Bamas receive most of the benefits of the limited opportunities for education, and the education that is available is in the Burmese language or English, there is little to no formal education in the minority languages. The official literacy rate listed by Myanmar's government in 1999 was 83%, yet some experts, including UNICEF, estimate it closer to 30%. A 1995 survey by the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) found the following education statistics for Myanmar: * 3 out of 10 children never even start school * 40% of school aged children have never attended primary school * 26% of parents cannot afford the cost of primary schooling for their children * 60% of those who do start school are unable to finish at the primary level After pro-democracy student-led demonstrations in 1988, the ruling military junta forced the closure of all universities in Myanmar. Since then, they open intermittently but for no longer than 2-3 months at a time.

Culture
{{main|Culture of Myanmar}} Image:Earpiercingceremony.jpg Mandalay.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|250px|An ear-piercing ceremony in [[Mandalay..html" title="Meaning of 250px|An ear-piercing ceremony in [[Mandalay">thumb|250px|An ear-piercing ceremony in [[Mandalay.">250px|An ear-piercing ceremony in [[Mandalay">thumb|250px|An ear-piercing ceremony in [[Mandalay. Although a variety of indigenous cultures exist in Myanmar, the dominant culture is Bamar-based. Bamar culture has been influenced by the cultures of neighbouring China, India, and Thailand. This is reflected in aspects of its language, cuisine, and music. The arts (particularly literature) have historically been influenced by the Burmese form of Theravada Buddhism. Buddhism is practised along with nat (spirit) nat worship, which involves elaborate rituals to appease spirits of the deceased. In traditional Burmese villages, monks are well-respected citizens. The majority of Burmese monks reside in Mandalay Division and Sagaing Division. The Burmese culture is most evident in villages, where local festivals are held throughout the year. Many villages have a patron ''nat''. Superstition and taboos are essential in Burmese life. Coming of age ceremonies, including temporary monk ordination (shinbyu) for boys, are also important. British colonisation also introduced Western elements of culture to Myanmar. Myanmar's educational system is modelled after that of Great Britain, and colonial architectural influences are most evident in cities such as Yangon and Mawlamyine. Many ethnic minorities, particularly the Kachin and Chin who populate the northern areas, practise Christianity, a result of Western missionary work in the area. Burmese, which is linguistically related to Tibetan language Tibetan and to the family of Chinese language Chinese languages, is written in a Burmese alphabet script consisting of circular and semi-circular letters which originated from the Mon script. The language incorporates widespread usage of honorifics and is age-oriented. Burmese society, from historical times to the present-day, has stressed the importance of education. This has been influential in Myanmar's relatively high literacy rate, which stands at 89.7% (UNESCO) [http://www.uis.unesco.org/profiles/EN/EDU/countryProfile_en.aspx?code=1040]. Literacy in Myanmar is considered important for interpreting religious texts of Theravada Buddhism. {{seealso|Cuisine of Myanmar|Literature of Myanmar|Music of Myanmar}}

Miscellaneous topics
*Communications in Myanmar **Myanmar Wide Web *Foreign relations of Myanmar *Golden Triangle *Military of Myanmar *Public holidays in Myanmar *Scouting in Burma *Transportation in Myanmar

International rankings

- GDP per capita - 187th of 232 countries *Index of Economic Freedom - overboard of 157 countries *Reporters Without Borders Worldwide Press Freedom Index - 163rd of 167 countries
- Corruption Perceptions Index 2004, Transparency International - 142nd of 146 countries
- Save the Children: State of the World's Mothers 2004 Children's index - 114th of 157 countries
- Environmental Sustainability Index - 46th of 146 countries
- Population, Population (US Census Bureau) - 25th most populated country in the world. *List of countries by area Area/Size of Country - 40th largest out of 194.
- WHO ranking of the health systems - 190th out of 190 countries.
- Earthquake Prone Countries - Listed in 57 most-earthquake prone countries.
- HIV Infected Population - 24th largest among 148 countries.
- Labour Force - 22nd largest in the world.
- Inflation Rate - Consumer Prices - 3rd highest in the world.
- Opium Production (UNODC) - 2nd largest in the world.
- Human Development Index (UNDP) - 131st out of 175.
- Internet User Density (CIA) - 155th out of 217 (0.0596%).
- Rice grower (by area of land) - 8th largest in the world.

Footnotes
1. See:
- "Dilemma of dealing with Burma". Article retrieved from [http://www.bbc.co.uk BBC.co.uk] on 2nd November, 2004.
- "Myanmar: Promoting Human Development in a Heavily-Criticized Country" from [http://www.total.com Total.com]
- "TotalFinaElf in the line of fire" from [http://www.earthrights.org Earthrights International] 2. See:
- "How Best to Rid the World of Monsters" from [http://www.washingtonpost.com Washingtonpost.com]
- "Belgian group seeks Total boycott over Myanmar", Reuters report reproduced on [http://www.ibiblio.org Ibilio]. 3. See:
- List of LDCs 4. See:
- "Burma's new capital stages parade".

External links

- Pictures from Myanmar
- Pictures from Myanmar in Polish {{sisterlinks|Myanmar}}

Government

- Kachin National Organization
- Shan News Agency Website
- Official Myanmar Website
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Ministry of Home Affairs
- Ministry of Communications, Posts, and Telegraphs
- Ministry of Religious Affairs
- Ministry of Education
- Ministry of Finance
- Ministry of Transport
- Ministry of Health
- Ministry of Hotels & Tourism
- National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma

Other

- BBC Country Profile
- CIA Factbook Myanmar Profile
- BBC Burmese News
- Burma Campaign UK
- U.S. Campaign for Burma
- RFA Burmese News
- Native Myanmar Discussion Forums
- Myanmar Web Directory in Myanmar language {{ASEAN}} {{Southeast Asia}} {{Asia}} Category:Former British colonies Category:Military dictatorship Category:Myanmar A Category:Southeast Asian countries als:Myanmar ar:Ù…ÙŠØ§Ù†Ù…Ø§Ø± an:Myanmar ast:Myanmar bg:ÐœÐ¸Ð°Ð½Ð¼Ð°Ñ€ zh-min-nan:BiÄ?n-tiÃ¡n bs:Mjanmar ca:BirmÃ nia cs:Myanmar cy:Myanmar da:Burma de:Myanmar et:Myanmar el:ÎœÏ…Î±Î½Î¼Î¬Ï? es:Myanmar eo:Birmo eu:Myanmar fa:Ù…ÛŒØ§Ù†Ù…Ø§Ø± fr:Myanmar fy:Birma gl:Myanmar - á€´á€™á€”á€¹á€™á€¬ ko:ë¯¸ì–€ë§ˆ ht:Bimani hr:Mianmar io:Myanmar ilo:Myanmar id:Myanmar ia:Myanmar is:Mjanmar it:Myanmar he:×ž×™×?× ×ž×¨ ka:áƒ›áƒ˜áƒ?áƒœáƒ›áƒ?áƒ áƒ˜ ks:à¤®à¥?â€?à¤¯à¤¨à¥?à¤®à¤¾à¤° kw:Byrmani lv:Mjanma lt:Mianmaras li:BÃ¶rma hu:Mianmar mk:ÐœÐ¸Ñ˜Ð°Ð½Ð¼Ð°Ñ€ ms:Myanmar my:á€•á€¹á€›á€Šá€¹â€Œá€‘á€±á€¬á€„á€¹â€Œá€…á€¯á€™á€¹á€›á€”á€¹â€Œá€™á€¬á€”á€á€¯á€„á€¹â€Œá€„á€¶á€?á€±á€¬á€¹â€Œ nl:Myanmar nds:Myanmar ja:ãƒŸãƒ£ãƒ³ãƒžãƒ¼ no:Burma nn:Myanmar oc:Birmania pl:Birma pt:Myanmar ro:Myanmar ru:ÐœÑŒÑ?Ð½Ð¼Ð° sa:à¤®à¥?à¤¯à¤¨à¥?à¤®à¤¾à¤° sq:Birmania sh:Mianmar simple:Myanmar sk:Mjanmarsko sl:Mjanmar sr:ÐœÐ¸Ñ˜Ð°Ð½Ð¼Ð°Ñ€ fi:Myanmar sv:Myanmar tl:Myanmar th:à¸›à¸£à¸°à¹€à¸—à¸¨à¸žà¸¡à¹ˆà¸² vi:Myanma tr:Myanmar uk:Ðœ'Ñ?Ð½Ð¼Ð° zh:ç¼…ç”¸ {{sisterlinkswp|Category:Myanmar}} {{commonscat|Myanmar}} Category:Southeast Asian countries ast:CategorÃa:Myanmar bg:ÐšÐ°Ñ‚ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ?:ÐœÐ¸Ð°Ð½Ð¼Ð°Ñ€ zh-min-nan:Category:Myanmar bs:Category:Mianmar ca:Categoria:Myanmar cs:Kategorie:Myanmar da:Kategori:Burma de:Kategorie:Myanmar et:Kategooria:Myanmar es:CategorÃa:Myanmar eo:Kategorio:Birmo fr:CatÃ©gorie:Myanmar gl:Category:Myanmar ko:ë¶„ë¥˜:ë¯¸ì–€ë§ˆ io:Category:Myanmar id:Kategori:Myanmar is:Flokkur:Mjanmar it:Categoria:Myanmar he:×§×˜×’×•×¨×™×”:×ž×™×?× ×ž×¨ lt:Kategorija:Mianmaras nl:Categorie:Myanmar ja:Category:ãƒŸãƒ£ãƒ³ãƒžãƒ¼ no:Kategori:Burma nn:Kategori:Myanmar pl:Kategoria:Birma pt:Categoria:Myanmar ro:Categorie:Myanmar ru:ÐšÐ°Ñ‚ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ?:ÐœÑŒÑ?Ð½Ð¼Ð° sl:Kategorija:Mjanmar sr:ÐšÐ°Ñ‚ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ˜Ð°:ÐœÐ¸Ñ˜Ð°Ð½Ð¼Ð°Ñ€ fi:Luokka:Myanmar sv:Kategori:Burma th:Category:à¸›à¸£à¸°à¹€à¸—à¸¨à¸žà¸¡à¹ˆà¸² zh:Category:ç·¬ç”¸
{| class="toccolours" style="width:85%" cellspacing="0" |-style="background:#ccccff" | colspan="2" | '''Subdivisions of Myanmar Subdivisions of Myanmar (formerly Burma)''' | align="right" | Image:Flag of Myanmar.svg 45px|Flag of Myanmar |- {| width="100%" | align="right" style="font-size: 90%" | '''Divisions:''' | align="left" style="font-size: 90%" | Ayeyarwady Division Ayeyarwady | Bago Division Bago | Magway Division Magway | Mandalay Division Mandalay | Sagaing Division Sagaing | Tanintharyi Division Tanintharyi | Yangon Division Yangon |- | align="right" style="font-size: 90%" | '''States:''' | align="left" style="font-size: 90%" | Chin State Chin | Kachin State Kachin | Kayah State Kayah | Kayin State Kayin | Mon State Mon | Rakhine State Rakhine | Shan State Shan |} |}

*** Shopping-Tip: Myanmar