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Nanjing University
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Nanjing University
'''Nanjing University''' (
Chinese language Chinese: å?—京大å¦/å?—京大å¸;
Pinyin: Nánjīng Dà xué; colloquially �大, Pinyin: Nándà ) is located in
Nanjing, an ancient capital of
China. It can date back to the first year of Yong'an reign (AD
258), making it one of
List of oldest universities in continuous operation the oldest higher learning institutions in the world. It was transformed to be a college under new educational system in
1902 and became the first modern
China Chinese university in the early
1920s. Its name has been changed time after time and it was renamed å?—äº¬å¤§å¸ (Nanjing Daxue) in
1949.
History
Image:Nju nbbldg.jpg thumb|right|200px|North Great Building, Nanjing University
*Nanjing University was originally founded as the '''Imperial Central College''' (å?—京太å¸, Nanjing Taixue) at
Nanjing in the first year of Yong'an reign (AD
258) under the
Kingdom of Wu by the emperor
Sun Xiu. The first president was
Wei Zhao. In the
15th century during the
Ming Dynasty, the Nanjing Imperial Central College was the world's largest higher education institution, with about 10 thousand students, many of whom came from a number of other countries.
Wu Cheng'en,
Zheng He and
Zheng Chenggong studied there around the time. Nanjing Imperial Central College was changed to '''Nanjing College''' in
1650 during the
Qing Dynasty.
*The '''Sanjiang Normal College''' under new educational system was established to replace the traditional Chinese school Nanjing College in
1902. The name was changed to '''Liangjiang Normal College''' in
1906, and established the first Faculty of Art in China. In
1915 it became '''Nanjing Higher Normal Institute''' (å?—京高ç‰å¸«ç¯„å¸æ ¡), and also established the first Faculty of Gymnastics.
*The "
Chinese Science Society" (ä¸åœ‹ç§‘å¸ç¤¾) settled in the university in
1918. Numerous Chinese modern science pioneers converged there to found many sciences in China. It became the Chinese cradle of modern science. Hereafter, many graduates achieved pioneering works in many fields for Chinese scientific enterprise. For instance, among 81 academicians of "
Academia Sinica" (ä¸å¤®ç ”究院), later known as the
Chinese Academy of Sciences in mainland China, elected for the first time in 1948, 5 entered or graduated from the university in the year 1920. More than half of the leading Chinese scientists whose works were published in journals such as ''Science'' and ''Nature'' in the early period of Chinese modern science were graduates or academics of Nanjing University.
*
Guo Bingwen was an extremely influential university president, appointed in
1919. He insisted on the university’s independence and academic freedom.
Liu Boming advocated liberty education, scholar spirit and pure learning ethos.
Tao Xingzhi changed the traditional Instruction Approach to the Approach of Unity of Teaching and Learning, and adopted the Discipline-elective and Cause-credit-elective system.
Tao Xingzhi, is famous for proposing ''The Audit Law for Women Students'' (《è¦?定女å?æ—?è?½æ³•æ¡ˆã€‹) on December 7th,
1919. He also proposed that the university to recruit female students. He was supported by
Guo Bingwen,
Liu Boming and famous professors such as
Lu Zhiwei and
Yang Xingfo. Finally, the meeting passed the law and decided to recruit women students next year. Nanjing Higher Normal Institute became the first in China to recruit coeducational students and enrolled eight women students in
1920. In
1921 the school became '''National Southeastern University''' (國立æ?±å?—大å¸). The earliest modern scientific research laboratories and groups in China were established at the university. It integrated teaching and research, and was regarded as the earliest modern Chinese university. The Faculty of Business established in
1917 was moved to
Shanghai to establish the first business school in China. The "China Economic Society" was founded in
1923 mainly by the faculty members of the university.
Image:ReiZiHouse NJU campus.jpg thumb|Renzi House, Nanjing University
*In October 1921, "
Hsuehheng Society" (å¸è¡¡ç¤¾) was founded in the university which was the focus of the "
Hsuehheng School" included the scholars
Liu Boming,
Liu Yizheng,
Mei Guangdi,
Wu Mi and
Hu Xianxiao. They tried to reinvigorate traditional Chinese culture and start to publish the monthly "Critical Review" (Xueheng, å¸è¡¡ in Chinese) in January
1922. During this period, Nanjing University was known as the foremost "Oriental Education Centre" and recognized as an academic and cultural exchange centre for east and west. Many famous scholars visited and instructed there, including the American educationist
Paul Monroe,
W. H. Kilpatrick,
E. L. Thorndike, philosopher
John Dewey, writer
Pearl Buck, British ideologist
Bertrand Russell, German philosopher
Hans Driesch and the
Bengali poet
Rabindranath Tagore.
*The "
Chinese Association of Natural Science" (ä¸è?¯è‡ªç„¶ç§‘å¸ç¤¾) was founded at the university in 1927. In August
1928 the school became '''National Central University''' (國立ä¸å¤®å¤§å¸). During the
Anti-Japanese War between 1937 and 1945, the university moved to
Chongqing. The "Natural Science Forum" was founded by the faculties of the university in 1939 and it founded the "
China Association of Scientific Workers" (ä¸åœ‹ç§‘å¸å·¥ä½œè€…å?”會) in 1944. In 1958 the associations were merged to be the "[http://english.cast.org.cn/ China Association for Science and Technology]" (ä¸å›½ç§‘å¦æŠ€æœ¯å??会) in
Beijing. The "Natural Science Forum" was renamed "Sept. 3rd Forum" and later again renamed "Sept. 3rd Society" in 1945. The "Sept. 3rd Society", or called "Jiusan Society", is a China organization for intellectual workers.
*In
1949, the central government of the
Republic of China moved from
Nanjing,
mainland China, to
Taipei,
Taiwan, and the National Central University was renamed '''National Nanjing University''' (國立å?—京大å¸). In
1952, a famous Christian university, '''
University of Nanking''' (金陵大å¸), was merged with '''Nanjing University''' (å?—京大å¸).
National Central University was reinstated in Taiwan under the
Republic of China ROC in 1962.
*In
1976, the faculties and students of the university launched the "
Nanjing 3.29 Movement" to oppose the
Cultural Revolution, spreading countrywide. In
1978,
Hu Fuming, a faculty member of the Philosophy Department of Nanjing University, wrote and published the historic article entitled "
Practice is the Sole Criterion for Testing Truth". It led to the nationwide "Debate on Standards for Judging the Truth" and promoted the end of the Cultural Revolution.
Faculties
Image:Nju.auditoria.jpg thumb|right|Old Great Hall, Nanjing University
Nanjing University has been at the forefront of developments in teaching and research in
China. It was the first institution in the country to adopt student-centred teaching methods. It was the first co-educational Chinese university. It was the first Chinese university to provide doctoral education. It has been a pioneer in many fields in China, such as
literature,
art,
history,
philosophy,
religion,
sociology,
biology,
astronomy,
physics,
geoscience,
computer science and
business studies.
'''Schools and Departments'''
*School of Humanities
**Chinese, History, Philosophy, Religion
*School of Foreign Studies
**English, French, German, Spanish, Japanese, Russian, International Business
*School of Science
**Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy
*School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
**Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Polymer material
*School of Geoscience
**Earth Science, Atmosphere Science, Urban & Resources Science
*School of Technology
**Computer Science & Technology, Electronics Science & Engineering, Material Science & Technology
*School of Business
**Business Administration, Finance, Economics, Accounting, International Trading, Electronic Commerce,Marketing
*School of Public Administration
**Politics, Government Administration, Sociology, Information Management
*School of Journalism & Communication
*School of Law
*School of Medicine
*School of Environment
*Software Institute
*Department of Intensive Instruction
*Education, Gymnastics, Art, Architecture
*Other research and education institutes in areas such as African Studies, Judaic Studies, International Affairs, Anthropology, Agriculture, Space Science, Engineering Management, etc.
Campus
Image:Nju snow campus.jpg thumb|Nanjing University campus in snow
Nanjing University consists of two campuses: Gulou Campus and Pukou campus. The main campus, Gulou campus, as the name suggests, is located in Gulou District, center of
Nanjing City. The main campus itself is divided into two sections by Hankou Road: North Garden, Bei Yuan, is where most of teaching and research take place, and South Garden, Nan Yuan, serves as the living area for both students and academic staff.
The newly added Pukou campus rests in suburban Pukou District and became part of Nanjing University in 1993. Pukou campus hosts undergraduate freshmen, sophomore and junior students and is connected with the main campus by both shuttle bus and public transportation.
International Exchanges
*Honorary professors:
**
Charles W. Woodworth, Professor Emeritus and founder of the Entomology Division
University of California, Berkeley UCB (1891-1930) was a lecturer in
Entomology during his sabbatical there in 1918 and then again between 1921-4. See the
C. W. Woodworth Award.
*Selected recipients of honorary doctoral degree from Nanjing University:
**
François Mitterrand, President of
France
**
George Herbert Walker Bush, President of
United States (also contributed to the establishment of [http://www.sais-jhu.edu/Nanjing/ Center for Chinese and American Studies/Hopkins Nanjing Center] - jointly administered by
Johns Hopkins University and Nanjing University)
**
Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of
Australia
**
Boutros Boutros Ghali,
United Nations Secretary General
**
Johannes Rau, President of
Germany (also contributed to the development of
German-Chinese Institute for Legal Studies - jointly operated by
University of Göttingen and Nanjing University)
Notable alumni
'''Graduates'''
*
Chang Chi-yun, historian, geographer, educationist, politician.
*
Chung-Yao Chao, physical scientist. The first scientist that captured
positron through
electron-positron annihilation and tested the existence of
antimatter.
*
Chiang Yee, poet, author, painter, calligrapher. The "Silent Traveller".
*
Kwoh-Ting Li, economic expert, statesmen. The "Father of Taiwan's Economic Miracle".
*
Chien-Shiung Wu, scientist. Regarded as the "Greatest Experimental Physicist in 20th Century".
*
Feng Duan, physicist.
*
Yuan-Cheng Fung, scientist of
bioengineering and
biomechanics
*
Feng Kang, mathematician. The founder of
finite element algorithm.
*
Kim Jun-Yop, historian, educationalist, social activist.
*
Gang Tian, mathematician.
*
Hu Bangji, journalist. China's war correspondent in European battlefield in
World War II. She interviewed many men of the time, including
Winston Churchill,
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Roosevelt,
Stalin,
Charles de Gaulle De Gaulle,
Harry S. Truman Truman,
Neville Chamberlain Chamberlain and
Tito. Her husband,
Bi Jilong, former vice secretary general of
United Nations, was her schoolmate at Nanjing University.
*
Chang Cheh, film director. The "Father of New
Gongfu Film".
*
Kenneth J. Hsu, scientist and geologist
*
Liu Dongsheng, geologist.
Tyler Environmental Prize winner.
*
Mochtar Riady, financial magnate in southeast Asia. Founder and CEO of [http://www.lippo.co.id/ Lippo Group]. Chairman of the Asian Bankers Association. The founder of several banks.
*
Nieh Hua-Ling, writer. Contributed a lot to world literature exchange.
*
Sha Zukang, diplomat. President of the Board of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (
UNCTAD).
*
Tang I-Fang, industry magnate. The founder and Chairman of Board of [http://www.wbl.com.sg/ WBL Corporation]. The Pioneer of
Singapore Industry.
*
Tang Junyi, philosopher.
*
Wang Gungwu, historian, educator.
*
Vikram Seth, poet, novelist.
*
Y. H. Woo, physical scientist. After Woo YH verified
Compton effect (X-ray diffraction), Nobel Prize was given to Arthur H. Compton.
*
Yu Chi-chung, Taiwan's media gurus, the founder of the [http://www.chinatimes.com China Times] Group.
*
Jeff Xia, mathematician.
*
Jiang Zemin,
President of the People's Republic of China (Studied at Nanjing Central University from 1943 to 1945).
'''Faculties'''
*
Chiang Kai-shek,
President of the Republic of China. He was the president of the university between 1943 and 1944 when the university moved to Chongqing.
*
Chang Dai-chien, great Chinese artist.
'''Alumni of the University of Nanking (merged in 1952)'''
*
Choh Hao Li, biologist, biochemist. His achievements include isolating and synthesizing the human pituitary
growth hormone and he received many honors including
Lasker Award.
*
Choh-Ming Li, educationist, economist.
*
Francois Cheng, writer, poet. A "Bridge Between Eastern and Western Culture".
*
T.C. Tso, agriculturalist, tobacco scientist.
*
Te-Tzu Chang, agriculturalist. Member of
Pontifical Academy of Sciences (Vatican City). He receives Tyler World Prize for Environmental Achievement 1999.
*
Thome H. Fang, philosopher.
*
Wu Teh Yao, educationist, politics scholar.
'''Alumni of Attached/Affiliated Schools/Institutions'''
*
Gao Xingjian, novelist, dramatist and critic. Nobel Prize Winner in Literature in 2000. He entered Middle School Attached to University of Nanking (Now Nanjing University Experiment School -- [http://www.jlhs.net Jinling High School]) in 1952.
*
Yuan Longping, agriculturalist. "China's Most Famous 'Farmer'", "Father of Hybrid Rice",
Wolf Award winner. He graduated from Middle School Attached to National Nanjing University (Now [http://www.nsfz.net NSFZ]) in 1949.
External links
-
Nanjing University
*Internet forum & bulletin board [http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/ BBSNJU(official)] | [http://www.lilybbs.us/ Lilybbs(private)]
-
General Alumni Association of Nanjing University
-
US Alumni Association of Nanjing University
-
Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index CSSCI
{{Worldwide Universities Network|Nanjing University}}
Category:Chinese universities
Category:Nanjing
Category:Educational institutions established in the 3rd century
Category:Nanjing University
Category:Project 211
de:Nanjing-Universität
es:Universidad de Nanjing
fr:Université de Nankin
it:Università di Nanjing
nl:Universiteit van Nanjing
ja:å?—京大å¦
pt:Universidade de Nanjing
ru:Ð?анкинÑ?кий универÑ?итет
zh:å?—京大å¦
*
Nanjing University
Category:Nanjing
zh:Category:å?—京大å¦
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