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Nicaragua
*** Shopping-Tip: Nicaragua
{{Infobox_Country
|native_name =''República de Nicaragua''
|conventional_long_name =Republic of Nicaragua
|common_name =Nicaragua
|image_flag =Flag of Nicaragua.svg
|image_coat =Nicaragua_coa.gif
|image_map = LocationNicaragua.png
|national_motto =
Latin: ''Pro Mundi Beneficio''
(
English language English: "For the World's benefit")
|national_anthem =''
Salve a ti''
|official_languages =
Spanish language Spanish (official)
(English language English and indigenous languages on Caribbean coast)
|capital =
Managua
|latd=12 |latm=9 |latNS=N |longd=86 |longm=16 |longEW=W
|largest_city =
|government_type = Republic
|leader_titles =
List of Presidents of Nicaragua President
|leader_names =
Enrique Bolaños
|area_rank = 115th
|area_magnitude =1 E10
|area=129,494
|areami²= 49,998
|percent_water =14.01
|population_estimate =5,465,100
|population_estimate_rank =107th
|population_estimate_year =July 2005
|population_census =
|population_census_year =
|population_density =42.2
|population_densitymi² =109.2
|population_density_rank =127th
|GDP_PPP = $16.05 billion
|GDP_PPP_rank =125th
|GDP_PPP_year=2005
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =$ 2,800
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =163rd
|sovereignty_type =
Independence
|established_events = From
Spain
|established_dates =
- Declared
September 15,
1821 - Recognized
July 25,
1850
|HDI = 0.690
|HDI_rank =112th
|HDI_year = 2003
|HDI_category =
medium
|currency =
Córdoba (currency) Córdoba
|currency_code = NIO
|country_code =
|time_zone =
|utc_offset =-6
|time_zone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|cctld =
.ni
|calling_code = 505
|footnotes =
}}
'''Nicaragua''' (
Spanish language Spanish: ''República de Nicarágua'',
International Phonetic Alphabet IPA {{IPA|[re'puβlika ðe nika'raɰwa]}}) is a sovereign and republic nation in
Central America. Although it is the largest republic in the region, it is also the least densely populated. The country is bordered on the north by
Honduras and on south by
Costa Rica. Its western
coastal coastline is on the
Pacific Ocean, while the east side of the country is on the
Caribbean Sea.
The country's name is a
portmanteau of
Nicarao, employed by the
Spanish Empire Spanish Spanish colonization of the Americas colonialists for the
Nahuatl language Nahuatl-speaking indigenous tribe, and the
Spanish language Spanish word ''Agua'', meaning
water, named after one of the largest fresh water lakes in the world
Lago Nicaragua and the indigenous leader Nicarao.
At the time of the Spanish conquest, Nicaragua was the name given to the narrow strip of land between Lake Nicaragua and the Pacific Ocean. Chief Nicarao ruled over that land when the first conquerors arrived. The term was eventually applied, by extension, to the group that inhabited that region: the Nicaraos or Niquiranos.
The pre-columbian Nicarao came to the area from northern regions after the fall of
Teotihuacán, on the advice of their priests or religious leaders. According to tradition, they were to travel south until they encountered a lake with two volcanoes rising out of the waters, and stopped when they reached
Ometepe, the largest fresh-water volcanic island in the world.
History
{{main|History of Nicaragua}}
In
1524,
Conquistador Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua) Francisco Hernández de Córdoba founded the first
Spain Spanish permanent settlements in the region, including two of Nicaragua's principal towns:
Granada, Nicaragua Granada on
Lake Nicaragua and
León, Nicaragua Leon east of
Lake Managua. Settled as a colony of Spain within the kingdom of Guatemala in the
1520s, Nicaragua became a part of the
Mexican Empire and then gained its independence as a part of the
United Provinces of Central America in
1821 and as an independent republic in its own right in
1838. The
Mosquito Coast based on
Bluefields on the
Atlantic Ocean Atlantic was claimed by
Britain as a
protectorate from
1655 to
1850; this was delegated to
Honduras in
1859 and transferred to Nicaragua in
1860, though remained
autonomous until
1894.
Image:Granada_street_1.JPG left|thumb|Granada, Nicaragua
Today Nicaragua is renowned to be the safest country in Mesoamerica and one of the safest in the American continent, ironically, much of Nicaragua's early politics following independence were characterized by the rivalry between the liberal élite of León and the conservative élite of Granada. This rivalry sometimes spilled into
civil war. Initially invited by the Liberals in
1855 to join their struggle against the conservatives, a
United States adventurer named
William Walker (soldier) William Walker (later executed in
Honduras) won the liberal's war so easily that he saw the chance to take over the country. Walker named himself president in
1856 and offered the United States a new slave state. Out of fear towards the possibility of his plans for expansion,
Honduras and other Central American countries united to drive him out of Nicaragua in
1857, after which a period of three decades of conservative rule ensued.
Taking advantage of divisions within the conservative ranks,
José Santos Zelaya led a liberal revolt that brought him to power in
1893. Zelaya ended the longstanding dispute with Britain over the Atlantic Coast in
1894, and reincorporated the Mosquito Coast into Nicaragua.
Nicaragua offered assistance during
World War 2, and was the first country in the world to ratify the
UN Charter.
Politics
{{main|Politics of Nicaragua}}
Image:LAGUNA ASOSOSCA NICARAGUA.jpg thumb|left|200px|Asososca Nicaragua
Nicaragua is a constitutional
republic with an elected
president holding executive power. The
unicameral legislative body is the
National Assembly, which has 92 members elected for 5-year terms. The President, and the runner-up are both members of the National Assembly, as well, and the government operates according to pseudo-
parliamentary rules.
*
List of Presidents of Nicaragua
-
Listen to Nicaragua's National Anthem!
Departments
{{main|Departments of Nicaragua}}
For administrative purposes, Nicaragua is divided into 15 departments and two
autonomous regions. The departments are
Boaco Department Boaco,
Carazo Department Carazo,
Chinandega Department Chinandega,
Chontales,
Estelà Department EstelÃ,
Granada Department Granada,
Jinotega Department Jinotega,
León Department León,
Madriz (department) Madriz,
Managua Department Managua,
Masaya Department Masaya,
Matagalpa Department Matagalpa,
Nueva Segovia,
Rivas Department Rivas,
RÃo San Juan. The two autonomous regions are
Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte and
Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur, often referred to as ''RAAN'' and ''RAAS'' respectively. Until they were granted autonomy in 1985 they formed the single department of
Zelaya (Nicaragua) Zelaya.
Geography
Image:Nicaragua Departments.jpg thumb|Map of Nicaragua showing department boundaries
{{main|Geography of Nicaragua}}
At approximately 129,500 square kilometers (50,000
square mile sq mi)—roughly the size of the state of New York. Nicaragua contains 7% of the world's
biodiversity and the second largest
rainforest in the Americas. Close to 20% of the country's territory is protected as national parks or biological reserves. The country is bordered by Costa Rica on the south and Honduras on the north, with the balmy Caribbean Sea to the east. It is a warm land of
lakes and
mountains,
rivers and
volcanoes, sea and sun.
Nicaragua has three distinct geographical regions: the
Pacific Lowlands, the North-Central Mountains and the
Mosquito Coast Atlantic Lowlands.
The Pacific Lowlands
Located in the west of the country, these lowlands consist of a broad, hot, fertile plain. Punctuating this plain are several large volcanoes—there are upwards of 40 volcanoes in the country, including
Mombacho and
Momotombo. The lowland area runs from the
Gulf of Fonseca, on Nicaragua's Pacific border with Costa Rica south of
Lake Nicaragua. From this lowland strip, the
Maribios mountain range, with its 25 volcanic cones, towers overs some of the most impressive
beaches in Central America.
This region is the most populous. About 27% of the nation's population lives in and around
Managua, the capital city, on the southern shores of Lake Managua. Being on an open plain, Managua does not suffer the pollution of other cities trapped in mountain valleys.
In addition to its beach and resort communities, the Pacific Lowlands is also the repository for much of Nicaragua's Spanish colonial heritage. Cities such as
Granada, Nicaragua Granada and
León, Nicaragua León abound in colonial architecture and artifacts.
The Central Region
This is an upland region away from the Pacific coast, with a cooler climate than the Pacific Lowlands. About a quarter of the country's agriculture takes place in this region, with
coffee grown on the higher slopes. An ecologically active area with
mountains and ranges over 3,000 feet above sea level.
Oaks,
pines,
moss,
ferns and
orchids are abundant in the massive
cloud forests of the region. Large coffee
plantations often welcome a weary visitor with a steaming cup of the homegrown product.
Hikers and backpackers walking along the tree-shaded paths can quench their thirst in the clear waters of the mountain springs.
Image:Guardabarranco.JPG Turquoise-browed Motmot.html" title="Meaning of left left|thumb|''Guardabarranco'' ([[Turquoise-browed Motmot): the national bird.html" title="Meaning of thumb|''Guardabarranco'' ([[Turquoise-browed Motmot">left|thumb|''Guardabarranco'' ([[Turquoise-browed Motmot): the national bird">thumb|''Guardabarranco'' ([[Turquoise-browed Motmot">left|thumb|''Guardabarranco'' ([[Turquoise-browed Motmot): the national bird
Lucky birdwatchers may be able to add a rare
Resplendent Quetzal quetzal viewing to their inventory. Certainly they will see
goldfinches,
hummingbirds,
jays or
Emerald Toucanet toucanets. Taking a branch of the famous
Pan-American Highway, the traveler can drive through the heart of this region to the border with Honduras.
The Atlantic Lowlands
This large
rainforest region, with several large rivers running through it, is very sparsely populated and is considered the second-largest rainforest in the Americas after the
Amazon Rainforest Amazon in Brazil. The
RÃo Negro (Honduras/Nicaragua) RÃo Negro forms the border with Honduras. The Caribbean coastline is much more sinuous than its generally straight Pacific counterpart: lagoons and deltas make it very irregular.
Nicaragua's
tropical east coast is very different from the rest of the country. The climate is predominantly tropical with high temperature and high humidity. Around the area's principal city of
Bluefields, English is widely spoken along with the official Spanish and the population more closely resembles that found in many typical Caribbean ports than the rest of Nicaragua, which further enriches the diversity of this country.
Nature lovers will find much to pique their interest in the
tropical forests of the area. A great variety of birds can be observed including
eagles,
turkey (bird) turkeys,
toucans,
parakeets and
macaws. Animal life in the area includes several different species of
monkeys,
ant-eaters, white-tailed
deer and
tapirs.
A short flight away from
Bluefields are the
Corn Islands. These small, beautiful islands are fringed with white coral and are a popular resort area for Central Americans. Activities including bathing, surfing, fishing, and eating seafood, and the small island even has a mountain to climb.
See also:
*
Lake Nicaragua
*
Volcanoes of Nicaragua
*
List of cities in Nicaragua
Economy
{{main|Economy of Nicaragua}}
Image:Momotombo.jpg Momotombo thumb|150px|[[Momotombo|Volcán Momotombo, a symbol of Nicaragua.html" title="Meaning of Volcán_Momotombo.html" title="Meaning of thumb|150px|[[Momotombo|Volcán Momotombo">thumb|150px|[[Momotombo|Volcán Momotombo, a symbol of Nicaragua">Volcán_Momotombo.html" title="Meaning of thumb|150px|[[Momotombo|Volcán Momotombo">thumb|150px|[[Momotombo|Volcán Momotombo, a symbol of Nicaragua
The Nicaraguan unit of currency is the
Córdoba (currency) Córdoba (NIO) and was named after
Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua) Francisco Hernández de Córdoba its national founder. It [http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=USD&to=NIO&submit=Convert trades] at around 16.450 to the U.S.
dollar, [http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=EUR&to=NIO&submit=Convert trades] at about 19.910 to the European
euro, and [http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/convert?amt=1&from=TWD&to=NIO&submit=Convert trades] at around 0.5139 to the Taiwanese
New Taiwan dollar dollar. Regardless of exchange rates, real value for foreign currencies tends to go much further in Nicaragua than the rest of the region.
Nicaragua's economy has historically been based on the export of
cash crops such as
bananas,
coffee and
tobacco. It is renowned to produce the best [http://www.flordecana.com/ rum] in Latin America; the second best
tobacco in the world; and have the third ranking in
beef quality only behind
Argentina and
Brazil. During the
Contra War in the early 1980's, much of the country's infrastructure was damaged or destroyed, poor administration by the Sandinista regime and an economic blockade by the U.S. combined with the economic stagnation of the aligned Soviet bloc led to the virtual collapse of the economy. Inflation ran at that time at several thousand per cent. Since the end of the war almost two decades ago, many state-owned industries have been
privatization privatized. Inflation has been brought to manageable levels, and the economy has grown quite rapidly in recent years.
Image:PLAYA_MARSELLA_NICARAGUA.jpg thumb|left|200px|Pacific Beaches in Nicaragua
As in so many other developing countries, a large segment of the economically poor in Nicaragua are women. In addition, a relatively high percentage of Nicaragua's average homes have a woman as head of household: 39% of urban homes and 28% of the rural ones.
The country is still a recovering economy and it continues to implement further reforms, on which aid from the
International Monetary Fund is conditional. A new state agency ([http://www.pronicaragua.org Pro Nicaragua]) established in 2002 and the recent ratification of
CAFTA have been instrumental for the democratically elected government of Nicaragua to launch an ambitious promotional campaign employing
USA-educated nationals with executive expertise, to attract foreign investment and diversify the economy in such areas as Renewable Energy (Hydro, Geothermal, Wind Power and Biomass), Agribusiness and Forestry, Textiles and Apparel, Tourism, Contact Centers and
BPO (Business Process Outsourcing), Light Manufacturing and Assembly.
By the end of 2005 these initiatives had already successfully launched Nicaragua as one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America and a preferred destination for tourism and business as well as a retirement haven for North Americans, Europeans and many others alike with its incentive packages ([http://www.escapeartist.com/international/0400_nicaragua.html Law 306]).
In 2005, finance ministers of the leading eight industrialized nations (
G-8) agreed to forgive Nicaragua's foreign debt, as part of the
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries HIPC program.
Demographics
{{main|Demographics of Nicaragua}}
According to the 2005 census, Nicaragua has a population of 5,483,400, an increase of 20% on the 1995 census figure of 4,357,099.
Image:NICARAGUAN_BOY.jpg right|100px|thumb|Nicaraguan child farmer
Nicaraguans of European or Mestizo (to varying degrees) stock make up a combined 86% of the population, and effectively the largest majority. Although there are not always clear lines of differentiation due to the large and varying caucasoid composition across this group, the segment can be divided for the most part along the lines of 69%
Mestizos and 17% of
European descent (mostly Spanish, German and Italian).
In the nineteenth century, there had been a substantial indigenous minority, but this group was also largely assimilated culturally into the Hispanic mainstream. Primarily in the 19th century, Nicaragua saw several waves of immigration from other European nations. In particular the northern cities of Esteli and Matagalpa have significant 4th generation German communities. Most of the Mestizo and European descent population live in the western regions of the country as in the cities of Managua, Granada and Leon.
A minority comprising about 9 % of Nicaragua's population is considered black or afronicaragüense, and mainly reside in the country's sparsely populated eastern or Atlantic coast. The black population is mostly of West Indian (Antillean) origin, the descendents of indentured labourers brought mostly from Jamaica and Haiti when the region was a British protectorate. As the largest country in the region, Nicaragua also has the second largest black population in Central America after Panama. There is also a smaller number of Garifuna, a people of mixed Carib, Angolan, Congolese and Arawak descent.
Image:Nicaragua_lake.JPG left|300px|thumb|Lake Managua
The remaining 5 % is comprised of the unmixed descendants of the country's indigenous inhabitants. Nicaragua's
pre-Colombian population consisted of the
Nahuatl-speaking Nicarao people of the west after whom the country is named, and six other ethnic groups including the
Miskitos, Ramas and
Sumo (people) Sumos along the Caribbean coast. While very few pure-blooded Nicarao people still exist, the Caribbean peoples have remained distinct. In the mid-1980s, the government divided the department of
Zelaya - consisting of the eastern half of the country - into two autonomous regions and thus granted the African and indigenous people of this region limited self-rule within the Republic.
There is also a small
Middle Eastern-Nicaraguan community of
Syrian,
Armenians Armenian,
Palestinian and
Lebanon Lebanese people in Nicaragua with a total population of about 30,000, and an
East Asian community of
Japanese,
Taiwanese and
Han Chinese Chinese people of almost 8,000. These minorities speak Spanish while maintaining their ancestral languages as well.
Image:Nicaraguan children.jpg thumb|right|100px|Nicaraguan indigenous on a ferry to Ometepe Island
Spanish is spoken by about 90% of the country's population; Nicaraguans speak standard Iberoamerican Spanish with some similarities to
Galician Spanish—structurally similar to
Rioplatense Spanish Argentinian Spanish which uses "vos" instead of "tu" along with the "
Voseo vos" conjugation, but with a different intonation. The black population of the east coast region has
English language English as its first language. Several indigenous peoples of the east still use their original languages.
Roman Catholicism is the major religion, but
evangelism evangelical Protestant groups have grown recently, and there are strong
Anglican and
Moravian (religion) Moravian communities on the Caribbean coast.
90 % of Nicaraguans live in the Pacific lowlands and the adjacent interior highlands. The population is 54% urban. An estimated 2 million Nicaraguans live outside of Nicaragua, popular destinations are
Costa Rica, the
United States,
Mexico,
Guatemala,
Germany, and
Spain.
Culture
{{main|Culture of Nicaragua}}
The "Nicas" are friendly and obliging people, with a matriarchal society. The population is very young with approx. 40% under 18 years of age, many of whom claim to promote communism as the new government institution in Nicaragua. As a whole the country is rich in colorful folklore, music and religious traditions. A fusion of
Old World and
New World emerged as the national psyche creating a society largely founded on
Iberian Peninsula European-Iberian culture but enriched with Amerindian sounds and flavours. Nicaragua has historically been a literary treasure in
poetry of the Hispanic world with internationally renowned contributors such as
Ruben DarÃo who is widely acclaimed as the Father of Modernism and Prince of Spanish Literature.
Through education Nicaragua's Government promotes the formation of nationals, giving them a decisive, scientific and humanist conscience. Education is free and the same for all Nicaraguans. Elementary education is free and compulsory. Communities localted on the Atlantic Coast have access to education in their native language. Higher education has financial, organic and administrative autonomy, according to the law. Also, freedom of subjects is recognized.
Nicaraguan culture can further be defined in several distinct strands. The west of the country was colonized by
Spain and its people are mostly
Mestizos and
European in composition; Spanish is invariably their first language.
Image:San Juan del Sur Nicaragua.JPG thumb|right|Nicaragua beaches
The eastern half of the country, on the other hand, was once a
United Kingdom British protectorate.
English language English is still predominant in this region and spoken domestically a par with
Spanish language Spanish which is formally taught in schools, its culture is somewhat similar to
Caribbean nations, although recent immigration by
Mestizos has largely influenced younger generations and an increasing number of people are either bilingual at home or speak
Spanish language Spanish only. There is a large population of people of mixed
African descent, as well as a smaller
Garifuna population.
Of the cultures that were present before
European
colonization, the
Nahuatl-speaking peoples who populated the west of the country have essentially been assimilated into the latino culture. In the east, however, several indigenous groups have maintained a distinct identity. The Sumos and Ramas people still use their original languages.
Arts
Image:Mombacho.JPG thumb|Mombacho National Park
* Atelier Yoyita [http://www.yoyita.com www.yoyita.com ](English, Spanish, French, Chinese, German, Italian)
* Arte Nicaraguense [http://www.artenicaraguense.com www.artenicaraguense.com] Contemporary art by Nicaraguan masters.
* Images of Nicaragua [http://www.yoyita.com/pinturas_de_nicaragua.htm Paintings of Nicaragua]
*
List of Latin American artists
FAMOUS NICARAGUENSES IN THE WORLD OF ENTERTAINMENT, MUSIC AND TELEVISION IN THE U.S
*
Bianca Jagger - Socialite and Human Rights activist
*
Barbara Carrera - Actress and model
*
Denis Martinez- Former Orioles Baseball Player and Hall-of-Famer
*
Luis Enrique Mejia - Salsero singer/composer
*
Gioconda Belli - Writer/Poet
*
Maria A. Morales - Senior writer "People en Espanol"
*
Sal Morales - Telemundo Los Angeles weather anchor
*
Ivan Taylor - Telemundo Miami Weekend anchor reporter
*
Gabriel Traversari - Show Host/Actor/Model
Miscellaneous topics
*
Communications in Nicaragua
*
Foreign relations of Nicaragua
*
Military of Nicaragua
*
Nicaraguan Cuisine
*
Nicaraguan Diaspora
*
Transportation in Nicaragua
Image:SALTO_ESTANZUELA_NICARAGUA.jpg right|200px|thumb|Estanzuela Falls
References
# {{note|Andrew}} Christopher Andrew, Vasili Mitrokhin. ''The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World'', Basic Books, September 20, 2005.
# {{note|Zimmermann}} Matilde Zimmermann. ''Sandinista'', Duke Universtiy Press, 2000.
# {{note|Encyclopedia}}''The Encyclopedia of World History'', Sixth addition, Ed. Peter N. Stearns, 2001. p. 954
Further reading
* ''After Revolution: Mapping Gender and Cultural Politics in Neoliberal Nicaragua'' Florence E. Babb
* ''Blood of Brothers: Life and War in Nicaragua'' Stephen Kinzer
* ''The Civil War in Nicaragua: Inside the Sandinistas'' Roger Miranda and William Ratliff
* ''Contradiction and Conflict : The Popular Church in Nicaragua'' Debra Sabia
* ''The Contras, 1980-1989 : A Special Kind of Politics'' R. Pardo-Maurer
* ''The Country Under My Skin : A Memoir of Love and War'' Gioconda Belli
* ''Dark Alliance : The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion'' Gary Webb
* ''The Death of Ben Linder: The Story of a North American in Sandinista Nicaragua'' Joan Kruckewitt
* ''To Die in This Way: Nicaraguan Indians and the Myth of the Mestizaje 1880-1965'' Jeffrey L. Gould
* ''The Jaguar Smile : A Nicaraguan Journey'' Salman Rushdie
* ''Life Is Hard: Machismo, Danger, and the Intimacy of Power in Nicaragua'' Roger N. Lancaster
* ''Life Stories of the Nicaraguan Revolution'' Denis Lynn Daly Heyck
* ''Manufacturing Consent: The Poltical Economy of the Mass Media'' Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky
* ''Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs: Gender Identity Politics in Nicaragua 1979 - 1999'' Lorraine Bayard de Volo
* ''My Car in Managua'' Forrest D. Colburn and Roger Sanchez Flores
* ''Nicaragua'' Thomas Walker
* ''Nicaragua Betrayed'' Anastasio Somoza and Jack Cox
* ''Nicaragua: Revolution in the Family'' Shirley Christian
* ''The Patient Impatience: From Boyhood to Guerilla : A Personal Narrative of Nicaragua's Struggle for Liberation'' Tomas Borge
* ''The Real Contra War: Highlander Peasant Resistance in Nicaragua'' Timothy C. Brown
* ''Sandinista: Carlos Fonseca and the Nicaraguan Revolution'' Matilde Zimmermann
* ''Sandinista Communism and Rural Nicaragua'' Janusz Bugajski
* ''Sandinistas: The Party And The Revolution'' Dennis Gilbert
* '' Sandinistas Speak'' Tomas Borge
* ''The Sandino Affair'' Neill MacAulay
* ''Sandino's Daughters: Testimonies of Nicaraguan Women in Struggle'' Margaret Randall and Lynda Yanz
* ''Twilight Struggle: American Power and Nicaragua, 1977-1990'' Robert Kagan
* ''The War in Nicaragua'' William Walker
* ''Washington, Somoza and the Sandinistas : Stage and Regime in US Policy toward Nicaragua 1969-1981'' Morris H. Morley
* ''Washington's War on Nicaragua'' Holly Sklar
* ''With the Old Corps in Nicaragua'' George B. Clark
External links
{{sisterlinks|Nicaragua}}
-
Government of Nicaragua - National Development Plan (Spanish)
-
Managua International Airport
-
Confidencial: Weekly News (Spanish)
-
Experience Nicaragua sustainable tourism guide to Nicaragua.
-
Country profile: Nicaragua (BBC)
-
The Pangea Partnership eco-building workshops in Nicaragua
-
El Observador Económico takes the economic pulse, investigates business issues
-
Marcaacme Art, Literture & Cultural Events in Nicaragua.(span)
-
Atraco.org experimento digital cotidiando (span)
-
Nicaraguan Student Association at Gatorpedia
-
Nicaragua in paintings
-
A missionary couple working in Nicaragua
-
NicaLiving.com A mostly English-language site about living in Nicaragua
-
ViaNica.com Extensive Nicaragua travel website
-
Esteli.net Site with a focus on Tourism in Esteli (Spanish)
{{Central_America}}
{{North_America}}
Category:Central American countries
Category:Nicaragua
Category:Portmanteaus
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{{sisterlinkswp|Category:Nicaragua}}
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fr:Catégorie:Nicaragua
ko:분류:니카�과
id:Kategori:Nikaragua
it:Categoria:Nicaragua
nl:Categorie:Nicaragua
ja:Category:ニカラグア
pl:Kategoria:Nikaragua
pt:Categoria:Nicarágua
ru:КатегориÑ?:Ð?икарагуа
sl:Category:Nikaragva
zh:Category:å°¼åŠ æ‹‰ç“œ
{| class="wikitable"
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! Template Preview
! What to type
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| {{NIC}} || '''{{tl|NIC}}''' ||
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| style="font-size: 80%;" colspan="3" | ''See more country templates on:''
:Country referencing templates
|}
*** Shopping-Tip: Nicaragua
