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Olaf Stapledon

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'''William Olaf Stapledon''' (May 10, 1886 – September 6, 1950) was a United Kingdom British philosopher and author of several influential works of science fiction.

Life and work
He was born on The Wirral Peninsula the Wirral peninsula near Liverpool and educated at Abbotsholme school, Balliol and University of Liverpool Liverpool. He worked in shipping offices in Liverpool and Port Said, and became an extramural lecturer at the University of Liverpool. During World War I he served with the Friends' Ambulance Unit, from 1915 to 1919. He was a committed pacifism pacifist. Increasingly, in later life, he became involved with socialism and was an early anti-apartheid campaigner. His work directly influenced Arthur C. Clarke, Brian Aldiss, Stanisław Lem and John Maynard Smith and indirectly influenced countless others. Although his work predated the appearance of the word "transhumanism transhuman" in 1966, the transhuman condition and superminds composed of many individual consciousnesses form recurring themes in his work. ''Star Maker'' also contained the first known description of Dyson spheres, and indeed Freeman Dyson credits this novel with giving him the idea. ''Last and First Men'' also featured something very like genetic engineering and terraforming. His fiction is characterised by a quest of intelligence that is beaten down by an indifferent universe. ''Last and First Men'' and ''Star Maker'' in particular were highly acclaimed by figures as diverse as Virginia Woolf and Winston Churchill. It has been claimed that their philosophy repelled C. S. Lewis, whose ''Space Trilogy Cosmic Trilogy'' is sometimes said to have been written partly in response to them, but there appears to be no evidence for this assertion. Stapledon was an agnostic who was hostile to religious institutions, but not to religious yearnings. None of his novels or short stories have been filmed, although George Pal bought the rights to ''Odd John''. Together with his philosophy lectureship at the University of Liverpool (which now houses the Olaf Stapledon archive), Stapledon lectured in English literature, industrial history, psychology. He wrote several non-fiction books and some poetry.

Bibliography

Fiction
*''Last and First Men: A Story of the Near and Far Future'' (1930) *''Last Men in London'' (1932) *''Odd John: A Story Between Jest and Earnest'' (1935) *''Star Maker'' (1937) *''Darkness and the Light'' (1942) *''Old Man in New World'' (1944) *''Sirius (novel) Sirius: A Fantasy of Love and Discord'' (1944) *''Death into Life'' (1946) *''The Flames: A Fantasy'' (1947) *''A Man Divided'' (1950) *''Far Future Calling: Uncollected Science Fiction and Fantasies of Olaf Stapledon'' (1979) *''Nebula Maker'' (1976)

Non-fiction
*''A Modern Theory of Ethics: A study of the Relations of Ethics and Psychology'' (1929) *''Waking World'' (1934) *''Saints and Revolutionaries'' (1939) *''New Hope for Britain'' (1939) *''Philosophy and Living'', 2 volumes (1939) *''Beyond the "Isms"'' (1942) *''Seven Pillars of Peace'' (1944) *''Youth and Tomorrow'' (1946) *''The Opening of the Eyes'' (1954)

Poetry
*''Latter-Day Psalms'' (1914)

External links

- Olaf Stapledon Online Archive, featuring fiction, nonfiction and poetry * {{isfdb name|id=Olaf_Stapledon|name=Olaf Stapledon}}
- Homepage for the Olaf Stapledon Archives at the University of Liverpool Category:Natives of Merseyside Stapledon, Olaf Category:1886 births Stapledon, Olaf Category:1950 deaths Stapledon, Olaf Category:British philosophers Stapledon, Olaf Category:British science fiction writers Stapledon, Olaf Category:University of Liverpool people Stapledon, Olaf de:Olaf Stapledon es:Olaf Stapledon eo:Olaf STAPLEDON fr:Olaf Stapledon ja:オラフ・ステープルドン fi:Olaf Stapledon sv:Olaf Stapledon

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