The '''Pact of Steel''' was an agreement between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany signed on May 22, 1939. The foreign ministers of each country (Count Galeazzo Ciano for Italy and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany) concluded the pact on behalf of their governments.
The Pact of Steel was an Italo-German alliance in the event of international threats, of immediate aid and military support in the event of war, and of collaboration in military and wartime production. Also, neither country would make peace without the agreement of the other. The Pact was initially valid for ten years.
The agreement was based on the assumption of war occurring in about three years. When Germany began the conflict in September 1939, Italy was not yet on a proper war footing and had difficulty meeting its obligations, and did not enter the conflict until June 1940 with an abortive invasion of southern France. Certain members of the Italian government, including the signatory Ciano, were opposed to the Pact.
Italy's alliance with the Western Allies in 1943 effectively ended the pact.
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