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Philip III, duke of burgundy
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'''Philip the Good''' or '''Philippe le Bon''' (Philip III, Duke of Burgundy) (
July 31,
1396 –
June 15,
1467) was
Duke of Burgundy from
1419 until his death. He was a member of a cadet line of the
Valois dynasty (the then Royal family of France).
Image:04philip.jpg Roger van der Weyden.html" title="Meaning of thumb thumb|right|250px|Philip the Good, painted c. 1450 by [[Roger van der Weyden.html" title="Meaning of right|250px|Philip the Good, painted c. 1450 by [[Roger van der Weyden">thumb|right|250px|Philip the Good, painted c. 1450 by [[Roger van der Weyden">right|250px|Philip the Good, painted c. 1450 by [[Roger van der Weyden">thumb|right|250px|Philip the Good, painted c. 1450 by [[Roger van der Weyden
Family and early life
Born in
Dijon, he was the son of
John the Fearless and
Margaret of Bavaria-Straubing. On the 28th of January
1405, he was named
Count of Charolais in apanage of his father and probably on the same day he was engaged to
Michele of Valois(
1395–
1422), daughter of
Charles VI of France and
Isabeau of Bavaria. They were married in June of
1409. Philip subsequently married Bonne of Artois (
1393–
1425), daughter of
Philip of Artois, Count of Eu, and also the widow of his uncle,
Philip II, Count of Nevers, in
Moulins-les-Engelbert on
November 30,
1424.
His third marriage, in
Bruges on
January 7,
1430 with
Isabella of Portugal (
1397 - December 17,
1471), daughter of
John I of Portugal and
Philippa of Lancaster, produced three sons:
* Antoine (
September 30,
1430,
Brussels –
February 5,
1432, Brussels), Count of Charolais
* Joseph (
April 24,
1432 – aft.
May 6,
1432), Count of Charolais
*
Charles I, Duke of Burgundy Charles (
1433–
1477), Count of Charolais and Philip's successor as Duke
Early Rule and Alliance with England
Philip became duke of Burgundy, count of
Flanders,
Artois and
Franche Comté when his father was
assassinated in
1419. Philip accused
Charles VII of France Charles, the
Dauphin of
France (his brother-in-law) of planning the murder of his father which had taken place during a meeting between the two at
Montereau. In
1420 Philip allied himself with
Henry V of England under the
Treaty of Troyes. In
1423 the alliance was strengthened by the marriage of his sister Anne to
John, Duke of Bedford, regent for
Henry VI of England.
In
1430 Philip's troops captured
Joan of Arc at
Compiègne and later handed her over to the English who orchestrated a
heresy trial against her. The alliance with England was broken in
1435 when Philip attacked
Calais and, under the terms of the
Treaty of Arras, recognized Charles VII as king of France. This alliance was broken in
1439, and in
1440 he supported the revolt of the French nobles (an event known as
the Praguerie) and sheltered the Dauphin
Louis XI of France Louis.
Geographic Expansion
Philip preferred to expand his own territory rather than become directly involved in the
Hundred Years' War. He incorporated
Namur (province) Namur into Burgundian territory in
1429 (March 1, by purchase from
John III, Marquis of Namur),
County of Hainaut Hainault and
County of Holland Holland, Friesland and Zeeland in
1432 (with the defeat of
Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut Countess Jacqueline in the last episode of the
Hook and Cod wars); inherited the duchy of
Duke of Brabant Brabant and Limburg and the margrave of
Antwerp in
1430 (on the death of his cousin
Philip of Saint-Pol, Duke of Brabant Philip of Saint-Pol); and purchased
Luxembourg in
1443 from
Elisabeth of Bohemia, Duchess of Luxembourg. Philip also managed to ensure his illegitimate son,
David van Bourgondië David, was elected
Bishop of Utrecht in
1456. It is not surprising that in
1435, Philip began to style himself "Grand Duke of the West".
Image:Marmion.jpg thumb|180px|Illumination from one of the manuscripts commissioned by Philippe.
In
1463 Philip returned some of his territory to Louis XI. That year he also created an
Estates-General of the Netherlands Estates-General based on the French model. The first meeting of the Estates-General was to obtain a loan for a war against France and to ensure support for the succession of his son,
Charles I, Duke of Burgundy Charles I, to his dominions. Philip died in Bruges in
1467.
Patron of the Arts
Philip was considered an extravagant ruler who embodied the qualities of
chivalry. He declined membership in the English
Order of the Garter in
1422, but created his own order in 1430, the
Order of the Golden Fleece, supposedly based on the
Knights of the Round Table. He had no fixed capital and set up court in various places, usually
Brussels,
Bruges, or
Lille. He held grand feasts to show off his power to his subjects, and the
knights of his Order frequently travelled throughout his territory participating in
tournament (medieval) tournaments. In
1454 Philip planned a
crusade against the
Ottoman Empire, but this plan never materialized.
Philip was also a patron of the arts, commissioning many
tapestry tapestries and other works of art. It was during his reign that the Burgundian chapel became the musical center of Europe, with the activity of the
Burgundian School of composers and singers.
Gilles Binchois,
Robert Morton, and later
Guillaume Dufay, the most famous composer of the 15th century, were all part of the court chapel of Philip III.
In
1428 Jan van Eyck travelled to
Portugal to paint
John I of Portugal King John I's daughter
Isabella of Portugal Isabella before Philip married her. With help from more experienced Portuguese shipbuilders Philip established a shipyard in Bruges.
Roger van der Weyden painted his portrait (''illustration, above left'') wearing the collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
See also
*
Dukes of Burgundy family tree
External links
-
Brief Profile - Contains a short biography of Philip, from "The Best of Dijon".
-
EHistory page - Short sketch of the Duke's life, from E-History.com.
-
The Funeral of Duke Philip the Good - Text by Edward A. Tabri, from the Corcoran Department of History at the University of Virginia.
-
The tomb of Philip the Good - Article and photo from "The Best of Dijon".
-
Joan of Arc's First Letter to Philip - Mention of a letter dictated by Joan of Arc to Duke Philip in June of 1429, translated by Allen Williamson.
-
Joan of Arc's Second Letter to Philip - Translation by Allen Williamson of a letter dictated by Joan of Arc to Duke Philip on 17 July 1429.
-
Philip III - Article from the Web Gallery of Art.
{{start box}}
{{succession box five to one|after=
Charles I, Duke of Burgundy Charles the Bold|before1=
John, Duke of Burgundy John|title1=
Duke of BurgundyCount of Artois,
Count of Burgundy Franche-Comte and
Count of Flanders Flanders|years1=1419–1467|before2=
John III, Margrave of Namur John III|title2=
Margrave of Namur.html">Philip of Saint-Pol, Duke of Brabant
Philip of Saint-Pol|title3=
Duke of Brabant,
Duke of Lothier Lothier Duke of Limburg and Limburg|years3=1430-1467|before4=
Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut Jacqueline|title4=
Count of Hainaut,
Count of Holland Holland, and
Count of Zeeland Zeeland|years4=1432-1467|before5=
Elizabeth, Duchess of Luxembourg Elizabeth|title5=
Duke of Luxembourg|years5=1443-1467}}
{{end box}}
Category:1396 births
Category:1467 deaths
Category:Dukes of Burgundy
Category:Dukes of Brabant
Category:Counts of Flanders
Category:Counts of Hainaut
Category:Counts of Holland
Category:House of Valois
Category:Joan of Arc
Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece
Category:Historical figures portrayed by Shakespeare
de:Philipp der Gute
et:Philippe Hea
fr:Philippe III de Bourgogne
he:פיליפ השלישי דוכס ×‘×•×¨×’×•× ×“×™×”
nl:Filips de Goede
zh:�利普三世 (勃艮第)
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Philip III, Duke of Burgundy
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Philip III, Duke of Burgundy
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