Dictionary of Meaning
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Pinyin table
*** Shopping-Tip: Pinyin table
This '''pinyin table''' is a complete listing of all
Hanyu Pinyin syllables used in
Standard Mandarin. Each syllable in a cell is composed of an
Initial (linguistics) initial (columns) and a
Final (linguistics) final (rows).An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Mandarin.
With minor differences, many syllables are pronounced similarly to the English pronunciation. Some syllables are pronounced very differently than in English. For a more thorough explanation of initial and final pronouncations, please refer to the main
Pinyin#Rules_given_in_terms_of_English_pronunciation Pinyin article.
Please note that this table indicates possible combinations of
Initial (linguistics) initials and
Final (linguistics) finals in
Standard Mandarin, but does not indicate
Pinyin#Tones tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese. Although some initial-final combinations have some syllables using each of the 5 different tones, most do not. Some utilize only one tone.
Pinyin entries in this page can be compared to syllables using the (non-romanized)
Zhuyin phonetic system in the
Zhuyin table page.
Final (linguistics) Finals are grouped into subsets ''a'', ''i'', ''u'' and ''ü''.
''i'', ''u'' and ''ü'' groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group ''a''. For example:
*Group ''i'': ''i''+''ai''=''iai'', ''i''+''ê''=''ie'', ''i''+''ou''=''iu''
*Group ''u'': ''u''+''ai''=''ui'', ''u''+''ing''=''ong''
*Group ''ü'': ''ü''+''ê''=''ue'', ''ü''+''ing''=''iong''
Most syllables are a combination of an initial and a final. However, some syllables have no initials or no final. This is shown in Pinyin as follows:
*'''For syllables with no initial:'''
**if the final begins with an ''i'', it is replaced with a ''y''
**if the final begins with an ''u'', it is replaced with a ''w''
**if the final begins with an ''ü'', it is replaced with ''yu''
**'''Exceptions to the above:'''
***''i'' alone is replaced by ''yi''
***''iu'' is replaced by ''you''
***''in'' is replaced by ''yin''
***''ing'' is replaced by ''ying''
***''u'' alone is replaced by ''wu''
***''ui'' is replaced by ''wei''
***''un'' is replaced by ''wen''
***''ueng'' is replaced by ''weng''
*'''For syllables with no final:'''
**an ''i'' is added to the the end of the syllable
**occurs only with the following initials:''zh'', ''ch'', ''sh'', ''r'', ''z'', ''c'', ''s''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Pinyin table
! colspan ="22" | Initials
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Pinyin table
|-
! (no initial) !! b !! p !! m !! f !! d !! t !! n !! l !! g !! k !! h !! j !! q !! x !! zh !! ch !! sh !! r !! z !! c !! s
|-
! rowspan="14" | Group a Finals
! (no final)
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || zhi || chi || shi || ri || zi || ci || si
! (no final)
! rowspan="14" | Group a Finals
|-
! a
| a || ba || pa || ma || fa || da || ta || na || la || ga || ka || ha || || || || zha || cha || sha || || za || ca || sa
! a
|-
! o
| o || bo || po || mo || fo || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
! o
|-
! e
| e || || || me || || de || te || ne || le || ge || ke || he || || || || zhe || che || she || re || ze || ce || se
! e
|-
! ê
| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
! ê
|-
! ai
| ai || bai || pai || mai || || dai || tai || nai || lai || gai || kai || hai || || || || zhai || chai || shai || || zai || cai || sai
! ai
|-
! ei
| ei || bei || pei || mei || fei || dei || || nei || lei || gei || || hei || || || || zhei || || shei || || zei || ||
! ei
|-
! ao
| ao || bao || pao || mao || || dao || tao || nao || lao || gao || kao || hao || || || || zhao || chao || shao || rao || zao || cao || sao
! ao
|-
! ou
| ou || || pou || mou || fou || dou || tou || nou || lou || gou || kou || hou || || || || zhou || chou || shou || rou || zou || cou || sou
! ou
|-
! an
| an || ban || pan || man || fan || dan || tan || nan || lan || gan || kan || han || || || || zhan || chan || shan || ran || zan || can || san
! an
|-
! en
| en || ben || pen || men || fen || || || nen || || gen || ken || hen || || || || zhen || chen || shen || ren || zen || cen || sen
! en
|-
! ang
| ang || bang || pang || mang || fang || dang || tang || nang || lang || gang || kang || hang || || || || zhang || chang || shang || rang || zang || cang || sang
! ang
|-
! eng
| eng || beng || peng || meng || feng || deng || teng || neng || leng || geng || keng || heng || || || || zheng || cheng || sheng || reng || zeng || ceng || seng
! eng
|-
! er
| er || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
! er
|-
! rowspan="11" | Group i Finals
! i
| yi || bi || pi || mi || || di || ti || ni || li || || || || ji || qi || xi || || || || || || ||
! i
! rowspan="11" | Group i Finals
|-
|-
! ia
| ya || || || || || || || || lia || || || || jia || qia || xia || || || || || || ||
! ia
|-
! io
| yo || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
! io
|-
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | ie
| ye || bie || pie || mie || || die || tie || nie || lie || || || || jie || qie || xie || || || || || || ||
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | ie
|-
! iai
| yai || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
! iai
|-
! iao
| yao || biao || piao || miao || || diao || tiao || niao || liao || || || || jiao || qiao || xiao || || || || || || ||
! iao
|-
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | iu
| style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| you || || || miu || || diu || || niu || liu || || || || jiu || qiu || xiu || || || || || || ||
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | iu
|-
! ian
| yan || bian || pian || mian || || dian || tian || nian || lian || || || || jian || qian || xian || || || || || || ||
! ian
|-
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | in
| yin || bin || pin || min || || || || nin || lin || || || || jin || qin || xin || || || || || || ||
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | in
|-
! iang
| yang || || || || || || || niang || liang || || || || jiang || qiang || xiang || || || || || || ||
! iang
|-
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | ing
| ying || bing || ping || ming || || ding || ting || ning || ling || || || || jing || qing || xing || || || || || || ||
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | ing
|-
! rowspan="9" | Group u Finals
! u
| wu || bu || pu || mu || fu || du || tu || nu || lu || gu || ku || hu || || || || zhu || chu || shu || ru || zu || cu || su
! u
! rowspan="9" | Group u Finals
|-
! ua
| wa || || || || || || || || || gua || kua || hua || || || || zhua || chua || shua || || || ||
! ua
|-
! uo
| wo || || || || || duo || tuo || nuo || luo || guo || kuo || huo || || || || zhuo || chuo || shuo || ruo || zuo || cuo || suo
! uo
|-
! uai
| wai || || || || || || || || || guai || kuai || huai || || || || zhuai || chuai || shuai || || || ||
! uai
|-
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | ui
| style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| wei || || || || || dui || tui || || || gui || kui || hui || || || || zhui || chui || shui || rui || zui || cui || sui
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | ui
|-
! uan
| wan || || || || || duan || tuan || nuan || luan || guan || kuan || huan || || || || zhuan || chuan || shuan || ruan || zuan || cuan || suan
! uan
|-
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | un
| style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| wen || || || || || dun || tun || || lun || gun || kun || hun || || || || zhun || chun || shun || run || zun || cun || sun
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | un
|-
! uang
| wang || || || || || || || || || guang || kuang || huang || || || || zhuang || chuang || shuang || || || ||
! uang
|-
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | ong
| style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| weng || || || || || dong || tong || nong || long || gong || kong || hong || || || || zhong || chong || || rong || zong || cong || song
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | ong
|-
! rowspan="5" | Group ü Finals
! ü
| yu || || || || || || || nü || lü || || || || style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| ju || style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| qu || style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| xu || || || || || || ||
! ü
! rowspan="5" | Group ü Finals
|-
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | üe
| yue || || || || || || || nüe || lüe || || || || style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| jue || style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| que || style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| xue || || || || || || ||
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | üe
|-
! üan
| yuan || || || || || || || || lüan || || || || style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| juan || style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);" | quan || style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| xuan || || || || || || ||
! üan
|-
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | ün
| yun || || || || || || || || lün || || || || style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| jun || style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| qun || style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| xun || || || || || || ||
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | ün
|-
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | iong
| yong || || || || || || || || || || || || jiong || qiong || xiong || || || || || || ||
! style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | iong
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Pinyin table
! (no initial) !! b !! p !! m !! f !! d !! t !! n !! l !! g !! k !! h !! j !! q !! x !! zh !! ch !! sh !! r !! z !! c !! s
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Pinyin table
|-
! colspan ="22" | Initials
|}
::
Colour Legend:
::{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left" | "regular" initial or final
Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of:
*i+Group a final
*u+Group a final
*ü+Group a final
|-
! align="left" style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204);" | Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of:
*i+Group a final
*u+Group a final
*ü+Group a final
|-
| syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for standalone initials and finals, explained at the top of the page)
|-
| style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204);"| syllable is modified combination of initial and final
|}
::
Modified i, u, and ü group finals:
::The following finals in the i, u, and ü groups are a modified combination of i, u or ü with a group a final:
:::*ie=i+ê
:::*iu=i+ou
:::*in=i+en
:::*ing=i+eng
:::*ui=u+ei
:::*un=u+en
:::*ong=u+eng
:::*üe=ü+ê
:::*ün=ü+en
:::*iong=ü+eng
A few additional syllables are formed in pinyin by combining an initial-final combination from the table above with an additional er-final. Rather than two distinct syllables, the last "er" is contracted with the first combination, and therefore represented as one syllable (analogous to "they're" instead of "they are", and "isn't" instead of "is not" in English)
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan=4 |initial+final+er combinations
|-
! Syllable Result !! initial !! final !! er final
|-
! banr
| b || an || er
|-
! pir
| p || i || er
|-
! mianr
| m || ian || er
|-
! fur
| f || u || er
|-
! dianr
| d || ian || er
|-
! dingr
| d || ing || er
|-
! tangr
| t || ang || er
|-
! tuir
| t || ui || er
|-
! nar
| n || a || er
|-
! nür
| n || ü || er
|-
! ger
| g || e || er
|-
! ganr
| g || an || er
|-
! kour
| k || ou || er
|-
! kongr
| k || ong || er
|-
! hair
| h || ai || er
|-
! haor
| h || ao || er
|-
! huar
| h || ua || er
|-
! huor
| h || uo || er
|-
! huir
| h || ui || er
|-
! jinr
| j || in || er
|-
! xiar
| x || ia || er
|-
! xianr
| x || ian || er
|-
! zher
| zh || || er
|-
! shir
| sh || || er
|-
! shuir
| sh || ui || er
|-
! wanr
| || uan || er
|-
! wor
| || uo || er
|}
See also
*
Cyrillization of Chinese from Pinyin
Category:Chinese language romanization
Category:Latin-derived alphabets
Category:Mandarin terms
*** Shopping-Tip: Pinyin table
