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Prime minister
*** Shopping-Tip: Prime minister
Image:robertwalpole.jpg thumb|right|250px|Sir Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
A '''Prime Minister''' is a
politician who serves as the head of the
executive branch of
government in a
parliamentary system. A Prime Minister can be:
*The
chairperson (leading member) of the
cabinet (government) cabinet; or
*The official, in countries with a
semi-presidential system of government, who is appointed to manage the
civil service and execute the directives of the
President.
In parliamentary systems like the
Westminster system, the prime minister is the
head of the government head of the elected government while the position of
head of state (ie: the King or Queen) is largely ceremonial. The Prime Minister is often a
member of parliament and is expected to ensure the passage of bills through the
legislature. In some
monarchy monarchies the prime minister also exercises powers (known as the
Royal Prerogative) which are constitutionally vested in the Crown and can be exercised without the approval of parliament.
As well as being Head of Government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also
First Lord of the Treasury. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example during the
Second World War Winston Churchill was also
Minister of Defence.
History
The term Prime Minister originated in the 18th century in the
United Kingdom. Since medieval times Kings of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were
Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex Thomas Cromwell under
Henry VIII of England Henry VIII,
Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury Robert Cecil under
Elizabeth I of England Elizabeth I,
Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon Clarendon under
Charles II of England Charles II and
Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin Godolphin under
Anne of Great Britain Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the Minister," the "first Minister" and finally the "Prime Minister."
The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the Monarch. Although managing the Parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a
Cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the Monarch, and the Monarch usually presided over its meetings. When the Monarch tired of a first minister, they could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the
Tory ministers
Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer Harley and
Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke St. John shared power.
The turning point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of
George I of Great Britain George I. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in
Hannover, and had neither knowledge of nor interest in the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the King's first minister would become the ''de facto'' head of the government. From 1721 this was the
Whig politician
Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired Cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal paytronage and packed the
British House of Commons House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of Cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than him have private dealings with the King, and also that when the Cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public or resign. As a later Prime Minister,
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne Lord Melbourne, said: "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."
Walpole always denied that he was a "Prime Minister," and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. The post did not formally exist until 1905, and until then prime ministers held office by virtue of the formal post of
First Lord of the Treasury.
George II of Great Britain George II and
George III of Great Britain George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the Monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime Prime Minister
William Pitt the Younger Pitt the Younger (
1783-
1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. By the reign of
Victoria of the United Kingdom Queen Victoria it was undisputed that the Prime Minister was real ruler of the country, although his power was always conditional on the support of a majority in the Commons.
The prestige of British institutions in the 19th century and the growth of the
British Empire saw the British model of Cabinet government, headed by a Prime Minister, widely copied, both in other European countries and in British colonial territories as they developed self-government. In some places alternative titles such as "Premier," "Chief Minister," "First Minister of State", "President of the Council" or "Chancellor" were adopted, but the essentials of the office were the same. By the late 20th century the majority of the world's countries had a Prime Minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a
constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. The main exceptions to this system have been the
United States and the presidential republics in Latin America, modelled on the U.S. system, in which the President directly exercises executive authority.
Prime ministers in republics and in monarchies
The post of prime minister is one which may be encountered both in constitutional
Monarch monarchies (such as
Belgium,
Denmark,
Japan,
the Netherlands,
Norway,
Spain,
Canada,
Australia, and the
United Kingdom), and in
republics in which the head of state is an elected (such as
France and
Finland) or unelected official (such as
Germany) with varying degrees of real power. This contrasts with the
presidential system, in which the
President (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. See also "
First Minister" , "
Premier", "
Chief Minister" "
Chancellor" and "
Taoiseach": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to "prime minister."
In some
Presidential system presidential or
Semi-presidential system semi-presidential systems such as those of
Politics of France France,
Politics of Russia Russia,
Politics of South Korea South Korea, or
Politics of Taiwan Taiwan the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the President but approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the President and managing the civil service. In these systems, it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president. When it arises, such a state of affairs is usually referred to as (political)
cohabitation (government) cohabitation.
Entry into office
In parliamentary systems a prime minister can enter into office by a number of means.
* '''By appointment by the Head of State, without reference to parliament''': In most
Westminster systems (including
Australia,
Canada,
New Zealand ,
Indiaand the
United Kingdom) the appointment of the Prime Minister is a royal prerogative exercised by the Queen or the Governor-General. No parliamentary vote takes place on who is forming a government. However as the government will have to outline its legislative programme to parliament in the
Speech from the Throne, the speech is sometimes used to test parliamentary support. A defeat on the Speech is taken to mean a
Motion of Confidence Loss of Confidence and so requires either a new draft (a humiliating act no government would contemplate), resignation, or a request for a dissolution of parliament. Until the early
20th century governments when defeated in a general election remained in power until their Speech from the Throne was defeated and then resigned. No government has done so for one hundred years, though
Edward Heath in 1974 did delay his resignation while he explored whether he could form a government with
Liberal Party (UK) Liberal support.
:In such systems unwritten (and unenforceable) constitutional conventions often outline the order in which people are asked to form a government. If the Prime Minister resigns after a general election, the monarch usually asks the Leader of the Opposition to form a government. Where however a resignation occurs during a parliament (unless the government has itself collapsed) the monarch will ask another member of the government to form a government. While previously the monarch had some leeway in whom to ask, all British political parties now elect their leaders (until 1965 the
Conservative Party (UK) Conservatives chose their leader by informal consultation). The last time the monarch had a choice over the appointment occurred in 1963 when the
Alec Douglas-Home Earl of Home was asked to become Prime Minister ahead of
Rab Butler.
* '''Appointment by the head of state ''after'' parliament ''nominates'' a candidate;''' Example: The
Republic of Ireland where the
President of Ireland appoints the
Taoiseach on the nomination of the
Dáil Éireann.)
* '''The head of state ''nominates'' a candidate for prime minister who is then submitted to parliament for approval before appointment as prime minister;''' Example:
Spain, where the King sends a nomination to parliament for approval. Also
Germany where under the
Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany Basic Law (constitution) the
Bundestag votes on a candidate nominated by the Federal President. In these cases, parliament can choose another candidate who then would be appointed by the head of state.)
* '''The head of state appoints a prime minister who has a set timescale within which s/he must gain a vote of confidence;''' (Example:
Italy.)
* '''Direct election by parliament''' (the
premiers of the
Northwest Territories and
Nunavut); and the
Chief Minister of the
Australian Capital Territory
* '''Direct election by the public''' (Example:
Israel, 1996-2001.); The prime minister is elected in a general election, with no regard to political affiliation.
* '''Appointment by a state office holder other than the head of state or his/her representative;''' Example: Under the modern ''
Constitution of Sweden Instrument of Government 1974'', which came into force in 1975, the power of commissioning someone to form a government was moved from the
Monarch of Sweden to the Speaker of Parliament, who, once it has been approved, formally makes the appointment.
''Though most prime ministers are 'appointed', they are often inaccurately described as 'elected'.''
Prime ministers and constitutions
The position, power and status of prime ministers differ depending on the age of the constitution in individuals.
'''Australia's'''
Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act Constitution makes no mention of a
Prime minister of Australia Prime Minister of Australia.
'''Britain's'''
Constitution of the United Kingdom constitution, being
uncodified constitution uncodified and largely unwritten, makes no mention of a
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Prime Minister. Though it had ''de facto'' existed for centuries, its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century.
'''Canada's'''
Constitution of Canada constitution, being a 'mixed' constitution (a constitution that is partly fomally codified and partly uncodified) makes no mention of a Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is formally the chief executive of the
Queen's Privy Council for Canada Privy Council and the cabinet.
'''Germany's'''
Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany Basic Law (1949) lists the powers, functions and duties of the federal
Chancellor of Germany Chancellor.
'''Ireland's''' constitution,
Bunreacht na hÉireann (1937) provided for the office of Taoiseach in detail, listing powers, functions and duties.
Exit from office
Contrary to popular and
journalistic
myth, most prime ministers in
parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term of office and in effect may remain in power through a number of
elections and parliaments. For example,
Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on ''one'' occasion, in 1979. She remained ''continuously'' in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each
British House of Commons House of Commons after a
general election to
Cabinet reshuffle reshuffle her cabinet. Some states, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office on the parliament. Hence the
Republic of Ireland Irish Taoiseach is formally '
renominated' after every general election. (Some
constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution, which ''appear'' to suggest a
taoiseach should remain in office, without the requirement of a
renomination, unless s/he has clearly lost the general election.) The position of prime minister is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament.
In parliamentary systems,
governments are generally required to have the confidence of the
lower house lower house of parliament (though a small minority of parliaments, by giving a right to block
Loss of Supply Supply to
upper houses, in effect make the
cabinet responsible to both houses, though in reality upper houses, even when they have the power, rarely exercise it). Where they lose a ''
vote of confidence'', have a ''
motion of no confidence'' passed against them, or where they lose Supply, most
constitutional systems require either:
a) a letter of resignation or
b) a request of a parliamentary dissolution.
The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the
Opposition (parliamentary) opposition of parliament to the
electorate. However in many
jurisdictions a head of state ''may'' refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution. Older constitutions often vest this power in the
cabinet. (In
Britain, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the ''entire'' government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922
Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the ''
Executive Council'' (the then name for the Irish
cabinet).
Titles
A number of different terms are used to describe prime ministers. The German prime minister is actually titled
Chancellor Federal Chancellor while the Irish prime minister is called the
Taoiseach. In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minister" is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the
President of the Government (''Presidente del Gobierno''). Other common forms include
President of the Council of Ministers (for example in
Italy, ''Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri''),
President of the Executive Council, or
Minister-President. In
federations, the head of government of a
state or
province is most commonly known as the
Premier or
Chief Minister.
Style of a prime minister
The title ''prime minister'' is a job title that does not form part of the prime minister's name. It is therefore poor style to refer to “Prime Minister Blair�, just as it would be strange to call someone “Bus Driver Edwards�. The correct form is "Prime Minister Tony Blair" or "Tony Blair, Prime Minister". This mistake is particularly common in the United States, where a high office title is often adopted as if it were a military rank.
The title of prime minister is lost when the officer holder ceases to be prime minister. This is not the case for some comparable positions in the United States, which can cause some confusion. When former Prime Minister of New Zealand
Jim Bolger became the Ambassador to the United States, he was referred to as “Prime Minister Bolger�, which was both poor style and factually incorrect.
Commonwealth Realm prime ministers are often
Privy Council Privy Counsellors entitled to the style ''the right honourable''. In the
New Zealand Parliament's debating chamber the
Prime Minister of New Zealand Prime Minister is referred to as ''the Right Honourable the Prime Minister'', rather than by name.
In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of
Excellency like a President.
Articles on prime ministers
*
Prime Minister of Australia
*
Chancellor of Austria
*
Chancellor of China
*
Prime Minister of Belgium
*
Prime Minister of Canada
*
Prime Minister of Denmark
*
Prime Minister of France
*
List of Prime Ministers of Fiji Prime Minister of Fiji
*
Chancellor of Germany
*
Prime Minister of India
*
Prime Minister of Iran
*
Taoiseach Taoiseach of Ireland
*
Prime Minister of Israel
*
Prime Minister of Japan
*
Prime Minister of Malaysia
*
List of Prime Ministers of Nepal Prime Minister of Nepal
*
Prime Minister of the Netherlands
*
Prime Minister of Newfoundland (historical)
*
Prime Minister of New Zealand
*
Prime Minister of Norway
*
Prime Minister of Pakistan
*
List of Prime Ministers of Peru Prime Minister of Peru
*
Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland
*
Prime Minister of Rwanda
*
Prime Minister of Serbia
*
Prime Minister of Slovenia
*
President of the Government of Spain
*
Prime Minister of Sweden
*
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
*
Prime Minister of Singapore
Lists of prime ministers
The following table groups the list of past and present prime ministers and details information available in those lists.
{| class='wikitable'
|-
|align=center|'''Country'''
|align=center|''' List starts '''
|align=center|''' Table shows
parties? '''
|align=center|''' Term given by
years or dates? '''
|align=center|'''Present Incumbent'''
|-
|
Prime Minister of Afghanistan Afghanistan||1953||-||years||None
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Albania Albania||1914||-||years||
Sali Berisha
|-
|
Prime Minister of Algeria Algeria||1962||yes||years||
Ahmed Ouyahia
|-
|
Prime Minister of Angola Angola||1975||-||dates||
Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda||1981||-||years||
Baldwin Spencer
|-
|
Prime Minister of Armenia Armenia||1918||yes||dates||
Andranik Markaryan
|-
|
Prime Minister of Australia Australia||1901||yes||dates||
John Howard
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of the Bahamas Bahamas||1967||-||dates||
Perry Christie
|-
|
Prime Minister of Bangladesh Bangladesh||1971||yes||dates||
Khaleda Zia
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Barbados Barbados||1954||-||years||
Owen Arthur
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Belgium Belgium||1918||-||dates||
Guy Verhofstadt
|-
|
Prime Minister of Belize Belize||1973||yes||years||
Said Musa
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Bulgaria Bulgaria||1879||yes||dates||
Sergei Stanishev
|-
|
Prime Minister of Burkina Faso Burkina Faso||1971||-||dates||
Paramanga Ernest Yonli
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Cambodia Cambodia||1996||-||years||
Hun Sen
|-
|
Prime Minister of Cameroon Cameroon||1960||-||dates||
Peter Mafany Musonge
|-
|
List of Canadian Prime Ministers Canada||1867||yes||dates||
Stephen Harper
|-
|
Prime Minister of Cape Verde Cape Verde||1975||-||dates||
José Maria Neves
|-
|
Prime Minister of the Central African Republic Central African Republic||1958||-||dates||
Célestin Gaombalet
|-
|
Prime Minister of Chad Chad||1978||-||dates||
Pascal Yoadimnadji
|-
|
Premier of the People's Republic of China China, People's Republic of||1949||-||dates||
Wen Jiabao
|-
|
Prime Minister of the Cook Islands Cook Islands||1965||yes||dates||
Jim Marurai
|-
|
Prime ministers of Croatia Croatia||1990||-||dates||
Ivo Sanader
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic Czech Republic/Czechoslovakia||1969||-||years||
Jiřà Paroubek
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Denmark Denmark||1848||-||years||
Anders Fogh Rasmussen
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Djibouti Djibouti||1977||-||dates||
Dileita Mohamed Dileita
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Dominica Dominica||1960||-||dates||
Roosevelt Skerrit
|-
|
Prime Minister of Egypt Egypt||1878||-||years||
Ahmed Nazif
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea||1963||-||dates||
Miguel Abia Biteo Borico
|-
|
Prime Minister of Estonia Estonia||1991||-||dates||
Andrus Ansip
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Fiji Fiji||1966||-||dates||
Laisenia Qarase
|-
|
Prime Minister of Finland Finland||1917||yes||years||
Matti Vanhanen
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of France France||1815||-||years||
Dominique de Villepin
|-
|
Prime Minister of Georgia Georgia||1918||yes||dates||
Zurab Nogaideli
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Greece Greece||1833||-||dates||
Kostas Karamanlis
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Greenland Greenland||1979||-||years||
Hans Enoksen
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Grenada Grenada||1954||-||years||
Keith Mitchell
|-
|
Prime Minister of Guinea Guinea||1972||-||dates||
François Lonseny Fall
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Guyana Guyana||1953||-||dates||
Sam Hinds
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Hungary Hungary||1848||-||dates||
Ferenc Gyurcsány
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Iceland Iceland||1904||-||dates||
Halldór Ã?sgrÃmsson
|-
|
Prime Minister of India India||1947||yes||dates||
Manmohan Singh
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Iran Iran||1824||-||years||
Mir-Hossein Mousavi till 1989
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Iraq Iraq||1920||-||years||
Iyad Allawi
|-
|
Taoiseach#List of Taoisigh Ireland||1937||yes||dates||
Bertie Ahern
|-
|
Prime Minister of Israel Israel||1948||-||years||
Ariel Sharon
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Italy Italy||1861||-||years||
Silvio Berlusconi
|-
|
Prime Minister of Jamaica Jamaica||1959||-||years||
Percival Patterson
|-
|
Prime Minister of Japan Japan||1885||-||years||
Junichiro Koizumi
|-
|
Prime Minister of Jordan Jordan||1944||-||dates||
Marouf al-Bakhit
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of North Korea Korea, North||1948||n/a||years||
Pak Pong Ju
|-
|
Prime Minister of South Korea Korea, South||1948||-||years||
Lee Hai-chan
|-
|
Prime Minister of Latvia Latvia||1990||yes||dates||
Indulis Emsis
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Lebanon Lebanon||1926||-||dates||
Najib Mikati
|-
|
Prime Minister of Lithuania Lithuania||1990||yes||dates||
Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Luxembourg Luxembourg||1959||-||years||
Jean-Claude Juncker
|-
|
Prime Minister of Malaysia Malaysia||1957||yes||years||
Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
|-
|
Prime Minister of Malta Malta||1921||yes||years||
Lawrence Gonzi
|-
|
Prime Minister of Mongolia Mongolia||1912||yes||dates||
Tsakhiagiyn Elbegdorj
|-
|
Prime Minister of Myanmar Myanmar (Burma)||1948||yes||dates||
Soe Win
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Nepal Nepal||1953||-||dates||
Sher Bahadur Deuba
|-
|
Prime Minister of the Netherlands Netherlands||1945||yes||dates||
Jan Peter Balkenende
|-
|
Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles||1954||yes||years||
Etienne Ys
|-
|
Prime Minister of New Zealand New Zealand||1856||yes||dates||
Helen Clark
|-
|
List of Newfoundland and Labrador premiers Newfoundland||1855||yes||dates||(Post Abolished)
|-
|
List of Norwegian Prime Ministers Norway||1814||-||years||
Jens Stoltenberg
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan Pakistan||1947||-||dates||
Shaukat Aziz
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Palestine Palestine||2003||-||unknown||
Ahmad Qurei
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Peru Peru||1975||yes||dates||
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea||1975||-||years||
Michael Somare
|-
|
List of Polish Prime Ministers Poland||1917||-||dates||
Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Portugal Portugal||1834||yes||dates||
José Sócrates
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Romania Romania||1862||-||years||
Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu
|-
|
Prime Minister of Russia Russia||1991||yes||dates||
Mikhail Fradkov
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis||1960||-||dates||
Denzil Douglas
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Saint Lucia Saint Lucia||1960||-||dates||
Kenny Anthony
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines||1956||-||dates||
Ralph Gonsalves
|-
|
Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe São Tomé and Principe||1974||yes||dates||
Damiao Vaz d'Almeida
|-
|
Prime Minister of Serbia Serbia||1805||-||years||
Vojislav Koštunica
|-
|
Prime Minister of Singapore Singapore||1965||-||dates||
Lee Hsien Loong
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Slovakia Slovakia||1918||-||dates||
Mikuláš Dzurinda
|-
|
Prime Minister of Slovenia Slovenia||1990||yes||years||
Janez Janša
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of South Africa South Africa||1910||-||dates||(Post Abolished)
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Spain Spain||1902||yes||years||
José Luis RodrÃguez Zapatero
|-
|
List of Sri Lankan Prime Ministers Sri Lanka||1948||-||dates||
Mahinda Rajapakse
|-
|
Prime Minister of Sweden Sweden||1876||yes||years||
Göran Persson
|-
|
Premier of the Republic of China Taiwan (ROC)||1911||-||dates||
Su Tseng-chang
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Thailand Thailand||1932||-||years||
Thaksin Shinawatra
|-
|
Prime Minister of Tonga Tonga||1876||-||years||
Feleti Sevele
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago||1956||-||dates||
Patrick Manning
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of Turkey Turkey||1920||yes||dates||
Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan
|-
|
Prime Minister of Tuvalu Tuvalu||1975||n/a||dates||
Saufatu Sopoanga
|-
|
Prime Minister of Ukraine Ukraine||1990||-||dates||
Yuriy Yehanurov
|-
|
List of Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates||1971||-||years||
Maktoum Bin Rashid al-Maktoum
|-
|
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom United Kingdom||1721||yes||dates||
Tony Blair
|-
|
Prime Minister of Uzbekistan Uzbekistan||1995||-||dates||
Shavkat Mirziyayev
|-
|
Prime Minister of Vanuatu Vanuatu||1980||yes||dates||
Serge Vohor
|-
|
Prime Minister of Vietnam Vietnam||1976||yes||dates||
Phan Van Khai
|-
|
Prime Minister of Yemen Yemen||1990||yes||years||
Abdul Qadir Bajamal
|}
See also
*
Chancellor
*
List of democracy and elections-related topics
*
President
*
Monarch
*
Governor-General
*
Head of state
*
List of national leaders
*
Heads of state timeline
External links
-
website of the Prime Minister of Australia
-
website of the Prime Minister of Barbados
-
website of the Prime Minister of Belgium
-
website of the Prime Minister of Canada
-
website of the Prime Minister of Croatia
-
website of the Prime Minister of France
-
website of the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic (Greece)
-
website of the Prime Minister of Hungary
-
website of the Prime Minister of Iceland
-
website of the Prime Minister of India
-
website of the Taoiseach of Ireland
-
website of the Prime Minister of Israel
-
website of the Prime Minister of Japan
-
website of the Prime Minister of South Korea
-
website of the Prime Minister of Malaysia
-
website of the Prime Minister of The Netherlands
-
website of the Prime Minister of New Zealand
-
website of the Prime Minister of Norway
-
website of the Prime Minister of Poland
-
website of the Chairman of Serbia and Montenegro Council
-
website of the Prime Minister of Slovenia
-
website of the President of the Government of Spain
-
website of the Prime Minister of Thailand
-
website of the Prime Minister of Singapore
{{Heads of government}}
Category:Government occupations
Category:Positions of authority Prime minister
Category:Titles Prime minister
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ja:ç·?ç?†
ja:首相
ka:პრემიერ-მინისტრი
ko:�리
lv:Premjerministrs
nb:Premierminister
nl:Minister-president
pl:Premier
pt:Primeiro-ministro
simple:Prime Minister
sl:Ministrski predsednik
sv:Premiärminister
th:นาย�รั�มนตรี
vi:fix this please
zh:总�
zh:首相
zh-min-nan:Siú-siòng
see
Prime Minister
*** Shopping-Tip: Prime minister
