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Qingdao
*** Shopping-Tip: Qingdao
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'''�岛市
Qīngdǎo Shì'''
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Abbreviation: é?’ or 胶 (Pinyin: JiÄ?o)
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Image:ChinaShandongQingdao.png 290px|Qingdao is highlighted on this map
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| '''
Political divisions of China Administration Type'''
|
Sub-provincial city
|-
| '''
Seat of government City Seat'''
|
Shinan District({{coor dm|36|5|N|120|20|E|}})
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| '''
Area'''
| 10,654
square kilometre km²
|-
| '''
Coastline'''
| 862.64
kilometre km(inclusive of offshore islands)730.64 km
(exclusive of islands)
|-
| '''
Population'''
| 7,311,200 (2004)
|-
| '''
GDP'''
'''- Total'''
'''- Per Capita'''
|
Renminbi ¥216.38 billion (2004)
Â¥29,596 (2004)
|-
| '''Major
Nationalities of China Nationalities'''
|
Han Chinese Han - 95.48%
|-
| '''
Political divisions of China#County level County-level divisions'''
| 12
|-
| '''
Political divisions of China#Township level Township-level divisions'''
|
|-
| '''
Chinese Communist Party CPC Committee Secretary'''
|
Du Shicheng
|-
| '''
Mayor'''
|
Xia Geng (�耕)
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| '''
China telephone numbering plan Area code'''
| 532
|-
| '''
Postal code of China Postal Code'''
| 266000
(Shinan District)266100-266700
(Other areas)
|-
| '''
Licence plates of the People's Republic of China License Plate Prefix'''
| é²?B
|}
'''Qingdao''' {{Audio|zh-Qingdao.ogg|listen}} ({{zh-stpw|s=�岛|t=�島|p=Qīngdǎo|w=Ch'ing-tao}}), well-known to the West by its
Postal System Pinyin transliteration '''Tsingtao''', is a
sub-provincial city in eastern
Shandong province of China province,
People's Republic of China. It borders
Yantai to the northeast,
Weifang to the west and
Rizhao to the southwest. Lying across the
Shandong Peninsula while looking out to the
Yellow Sea, Qingdao today is a major
seaport,
naval base, and industrial center. It also the site of the
Tsingtao Brewery which produces beer.
Additional Names
*Qingdao was formerly known as '''Jiao'ao''' (胶澳).
*'''Qindao''' (ç?´å²›; lit. "Stringed Instrument Isle") is an additional modern name for the area which according to locals refers to the shape of the coastline.
Administration
The
sub-provincial city of Qingdao administers 12
Political divisions of China#County level county-level divisions, including 7
District of China districts and 5
county-level city county-level cities.
*
Shinan District (市�区)
*
Shibei District (市北区)
*
Sifang District (四方区)
*
Licang District (�沧区)
*
Laoshan District (崂山区)
*
Chengyang District (城阳区)
*
Huangdao District (黄岛区)
*
Jimo, Shandong Jimo City (�墨市)
*
Jiaozhou City (胶州市)
*
Jiaonan City (胶�市)
*
Pingdu City (平度市)
*
Laixi City (莱西市)
Geography and climate
{{ZHdot|Qingdao}}
Qingdao is located at the southern tip of the
Shandong Peninsula. It borders three prefecture-level cities, namely
Yantai to the northeast,
Weifang to the west, and
Rizhao to the southwest. The city's total jurisdiction area occupies 10 654 km². The city is located in flatlands, with mountains spurring up nearby. The highest elevation in the area is 1133 m above sea level. The city has a 730.64-kilometer coastline. Five significant rivers that flow for more than 50 km can be found in the region.
Qingdao enjoys mild summers and relatively warm winters, with the average July temperature at 23.8°C and the average January temperature at -0.7°C. The city gets most rain in June and July, at an average of 150 mm.
History
:''For details on the colonial period, see
Jiaozhou Bay''
Image:qingdao-city-map-1912-in-german-from-madrolles-guidebook-to-northern-china.jpg thumb|240px|German map of Qingdao, 1912
The area of which Qingdao is located today was called Jiao'ao (胶澳) when it was administered by the
Qing Dynasty. In
1891, the Qing Government decided to make the area a primary defence base against naval attacks. Thus began the construction of the city of Qingdao. In
1897, the city became a
Germany German concession (territory) concession under a forced invasion and became a major German
German Navy naval base in the Far East. This caused a great area of German influence within the whole of Shandong Province, including the founding of many breweries for
beer including the
Tsingtao Brewery.
After a British naval attack on the German colony,
Japan occupied it in
1914 with British encouragement, after Japan had declared war on
Germany during
World War I. The failure of the Allied powers to restore Chinese rule to Shandong after the war, triggered the
May Fourth Movement.
The city reverted to Chinese
Kuomintang (the
Republic of China ROC) rule in
1922. Renamed '''Qingdao''' in
1930, the city became a special administrative zone of the ROC Government. Japan re-occupied Qingdao in
1938 with its plans of territorial expansion onto China's coast. After
World War II the KMT allowed Qingdao to serve as the headquarters of the Western Pacific Fleet of the
US Navy. On
2nd June,
1949, the
CPC-led
Chinese Red Army Red Army entered Qingdao.
Since
1984 and China's open-door policy to foreign trade and investment, Qingdao has developed quickly as a modern port city. It is now the headquarters of the Chinese navy's northern fleet.
Image:qingdao-map-1906.jpg thumb|Sketch map of Qingdao (not to scale), circa 1906.
Demographics
By the end of 2002, Qingdao is estimated to be the home for more than 7 million inhabitants, of which around 2.6 million is residing in the Qingdao urban area. Another estimated 2.3 million reside in other cities under Qingdao's jurisdiction. The annual number of births is calculated around 82,000, with a
birth rate of 11.26/1000 population, and a
death rate of 6.93/1000 population, both calculated on an annual basis. This results to a 4.33/1000 population growth rate overall. Living standards are among the leading Chinese cities, with relatively high incomes for families.
Qingdao is home to 38
Chinese nationalities ethnic minorities, albeit very insignificantly, with minority population only totalling around 10 thousand by 2000, 0.14% of the city's total population.
Qingdao boasts a vibrant expatriate community. The largest group of foreign residents is Koreans, amounting to over 60,000 individuals in 2005.
Economy
Qingdao is perhaps most famously known for the Tsingtao Brewery, which German settlers founded in
1903, and which produces
Tsingtao beer, now the most famous beer in China and known worldwide.
In
1984 the Chinese government named a district of Qingdao a
Special Economic and Technology Development Zone (SETDZ). Along with this district, the entire city had gone through amazing development of secondary and tertiary industries. As an important trading port in the province, Qingdao flourishes with foreign investment and international trade.
South Korea and
Japan in particular made extensive investment in the city. At least 30,000 South Korean nationals reside there. Construction proceeds at a relatively fast pace in Qingdao. Famous corporations include
Haier.
In terms of primary industry, Qingdao has an estimated 50,000 acres (200 km²) of
arable land. Qingdao has a zig-zagging pattern coastline, and thus possesses an invaluable stock of fish,
shrimp, and other sea resources. Qingdao is also home to a variety of mineral resources. Up to thirty different kinds have been mined. Qingdao's
wind power electricity generation performs at among the best levels in the region.
The
Gross domestic product GDP per capita comprised
Renminbi ¥29,596 (ca. US$3,659) in 2004. The GDP has grown steadily at an average pace of 14% annually.
Transportation
The ''Orient Ferry'' connects Qingdao with
Shimonoseki,
Japan. There are numerous smaller ferries connecting Qingdao with
South Korea as well.
The
Qingdao Liuting International Airport, 36 kilometres away from city centre, is served by 13 domestic and international
airlines, operating 58 routes of which 10 are international and regional. It is estimated that in
2002 over 2.3 million people, including 450,000 international travelers, were transported through the airport.
Qingdao is home to one of China's largest
seaports. Cooperative relations have been established with 450 ports in 130 countries worldwide. The
1999 annual cargo handling capacity was 72 million
tons. Exported commodities amounted to more than 35 million tons and 1.5 million
TEUs.
Qingdao's railway development was picked up during the late 90's. At the present, domestic rail lines connect Qingdao with
Lanzhou,
Chengdu,
Xi'an,
Zhengzhou,
Jinan and
Jining. There are a total of 1,145km of roads in the Qingdao area, with nearly 500km of expressways. Expressways connect Qingdao with
Jinan.
Culture
Through the unique architecture in some parts of Qingdao, one can draw the inference that the city is a cultural combination of east and west. Most people who reside in the Qingdao urban area speak
Mandarin Chinese with a special local accent known as "
Qingdao Hua" (Qingdao Dialect, not to be confused with "Shandong Hua" which is spoken more widely across the Shandong Province. Cuisine is predominantly
Lu Cai (the
Shandong regional dishes.) The area's most famous festival is the
Qingdao International Beer Festival, held annually since
1991.
Tourism
Qingdao attracts many tourists due to its seaside setting and excellent weather. Parks, beaches and sculpture — as well as some unique architecture — line the shore. Qingdao's major attractions include:
*
Ba Da Guan, the older area of town with some surviving German architecture.
*
Huadong Winery
*
Jiaozhou Governor's Hall, former seat of the present and previous two governments.
*
Laoshan, a famous
Taoism Taoist mountain.
*
Lu Xun Park, named after
Lu Xun, a famous modern Chinese writer.
*
Qingdao Beer Museum, on the site of the old brewery.
*
Qingdao Naval Museum
*
Qingdao International Beer City, the primary site of the annual
Qingdao International Beer Festival.
*
Qingdao Underwater World
*
St. Michael's Cathedral, a Gothic/Roman cathedral designed by German architect
Pepieruch, completed in
1934.
*
Underground World of Chinese Mythology, lifesize figures and groups depicting scenes from the Chinese mythology
*
Xiao Yu Shan Xiao Yu Shan (Little Fish Hill)
*
Zhan Qiao Zhan Qiao (Zhan Pier)
*
Zhanshan Temple, Qingdao's only
Buddhism Buddhist temple.
Image:qingdao-panorama.gif thumb|750px|center|Panorama of Qingdao, taken from Little Fish Hill
Education
Post-secondary educational institutions in Qingdao include:
*
Ocean University of China (formerly Ocean University of Qingdao), the largest university of its kind in China
*
Qingdao University
*
Qingdao University of Science and Technology
-
Qingdao Hotel and Management College
Secondary School:
*
Qingdao 26 middle school
*
Qingdao 19 high school
There are also several international schools in Qingdao. These include:
-
Qingdao International School
-
Qingdao MTI International School
Sports
Qingdao has long been a hub of professional sports in China. Clubs include:
*
Chinese Super League (
football (soccer) soccer)
**
Qingdao Zhongneng
*
Chinese Football Association Jia League
**
Qingdao Hailifeng
Along with Beijing's winning bid to host the
2008 Summer Olympics, Qingdao will be the site for sailing events. These events will be held in
Fushan Bay, near the city's
central business district. A hotel and an international broadcasting center are under construction.
Sister cities
Qingdao is a
sister city of the following cities around the world.
*
Shimonoseki,
Japan (since
October 3,
1979)
*
Long Beach,
USA (
April 12,
1985)
*
Acapulco,
Mexico (
August 21,
1985)
*
Odessa,
Ukraine (
April 29,
1993)
*
Taegu,
South Korea (
December 4,
1993)
*
Nes Ziyyona,
Israel (
December 2,
1997)
*
Velsen, the
Netherlands (
December 9,
1998)
*
Southampton,
United Kingdom UK (
December 27,
1998)
*
Puerto Montt,
Chile (
August 17,
1999)
*
Montevideo,
Uruguay, (
April 15,
2004)
*
KlaipÄ—da,
Lithuania (
May 30,
2004)
*
Bilbao,
Spain (
August 21,
2004)
*
Nantes,
France (
June 4,
2005)
External links
{{commons|Qingdao|Qingdao}}
-
That's Qingdao - Qingdao Travel Guide (available in English and Chinese)
-
Government website of Qingdao (available in Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean)
-
redSTAR Magazine - The Shandong Guide
{{Shandong}}
{{Former German colonies}}
Category:Cities in Shandong
Category:Coastal cities
Category:Subprovincial cities
Category:Ports and harbours of China
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